三维立体显示综述

按基本工作原理是否为双目视差将三维立体显示分为两大类。基于双目视差原理的三维立体显示主要有眼镜/头盔式立体显示和光栅式自由立体显示,这类三维立体显示的技术相对成熟并有相应产品;非基于双目视差原理的三维立体显示主要有全息立体显示、集成成像立体显示和体显示等,这类三维立体显示的技术较不成熟,大多没有相应产品。对这些三维立体显示的器件结构、工作原理以及各自的特性进行了阐述。     

真三维立体显示系统的旋转体扫描技术研究

真三维立体显示技术是一种全新的三维图像显示技术,在三维立体空间对物体成像,突破了平面显示的禁锢,它将引领科学可视化进入崭新的发展方向.研究了其中的旋转体扫描技术的成像原理和运动方式,详细介绍了真三维显示系统中的坐标转换过程,图像数据的处理流程,最后利用Visual C 和OpenGL软件仿真旋转体扫描技术进行了原理验证,并给出了仿真结果.     

关于Autostereoscopic 3D技术的几点探讨

从计算机图形学的观点对立体与三维的关系、立体成像原理以及影响立体显示的因素等问题作了探讨，分析总结了基于OpenGL/GLSL的立体显示编程方法，介绍了Autostereoscopic 3D技术的最新进展。     

真三维立体显示系统中平移体扫描技术研究

随着计算机技术的快速发展,真三维立体显示技术作为一种全新的三维图像显示技术,它将引领科学可视化进入崭新的发展方向,具有广阔的应用前景。对其中的平移体扫描显示系统的成像原理,运动方式进行了研究。详细研究了按正弦曲线运动的平移体扫描显示系统,用线性近似的方法得到均匀的图像,并分析了由于线性近似带来的最大屏幕位置误差,这种显示系统可以较好地实现真三维显示。     

基于立体分光原理的三维立体显示技术

关键技术：本项目提供了一种易于实现,价格低廉,观看舒适,立体呈现性能出色的三维立体显示系统。该系统采用立体分光原理,以两台上下普通液晶显示器分别提供左眼和右眼影像,使用时观众只需佩戴偏光眼镜进行观看,就能欣赏到高质量的三维立体显示效果。为了便于该项技术的产业化,我们同时提出了与硬件显示系统配套的软件媒体解决方案,使得该项目可以在二维和三维显示之间自由切换,使该项目更具有市场投资潜力。     

基于多投影的多视点自动立体三维显示系统

多视点自动立体显示有望成为今后主流的三维显示技术,它是一种无需借助任何辅助观察设备的多视点、多观察区、高分辨率、显示效果逼真的三维显示方式。阐述了基于多投影的多视点自动立体显示系统的设计原理,详细地描述了系统的软硬件构架,建立了基于多投影仪和水平光学各向异性显示结构的自动立体显示样机,开发了投影仪阵列自动校准系统,提高了投影仪的校准精度,避免了因投影仪数目多而导致的繁琐的校准过程。实验结果能够给观众带来逼真的三维视觉体验。     

立体显示的双目模型算法及实现

三维立体显示技术是虚拟现实的关键技术,也是虚拟现实系统必不可少的基本条件,而深度感的正确形成又是立体显示技术的关键。介绍了采用体视原理进行自由立体显示的两种投影系统,并对照了各自的特征。分析了汇聚式双目系统的误差,给出了平行双目投影系统的算法推导和OpenGL的实现。最终以实验印证了算法的可靠性和准确性。     

几种立体显示技术的研究

介绍了立体成像的基本原理,全息技术立体显示能提供更多的,成百上千的视图,带来如真实世界般的全视角感受,被认为是立体显示技术的最终解决方案.但是它必需在高质量显示技术以及目前广泛应用的四种主要的立体显示技术:立体眼镜、自动立体智能显示、立体三维显示和全息技术.重点讨论了不同自动立体显示技术的实现方法、显示效果和质量的影响因素和应用中存在的问题,最后对每种立体显示技术的应用前景和发展方向进行了分析,对正在进行立体显示技术研究者提供一个基础的技术切入点.     

基于立体分光原理的三维立体显示技术

本项目提供了一种易于实现,价格低廉,观看舒适,立体呈现性能出色的三维立体显示系统。该系统采用立体分光原理,以两台上下普通液晶显示器作为人机交互平台,使用时观众只需佩戴偏光眼镜进行观看,就能欣赏到高质量的三维立体显示效果。该系统同时可以在二维和三维显示之间自由切换。     

真三维立体显示技术中静态成像技术的死区分析

随着计算机技术的快速发展和人们欣赏水平的提高，真三维立体显示器的研制正逐步实现。相应的真三维立体显示技术的研究亦有很大的进展。其中应用较广的静态成像技术也日趋成熟起来。死区是静态成像技术中普遍存在的问题之一，研制死区的形成和解决方案可以提高成像的精度，以获得非常好的显示效果。     

Review on tabletop true 3D display

Tabletop three‐dimensional (3D) display is an attractive display technology that allows multiple individuals around the table to view the reconstructed 3D objects simultaneously, which can be applied to a variety of application scenarios such as desktop conference and board games. In this review paper, the tabletop true 3D display has been characterized and classified into four categories based on the technologies of light field display, integral imaging, and volumetric 3D and holographic 3D displays. Moreover, the comparisons of these technologies are listed, and the prospect of the tabletop 3D display is discussed.     

Projection‐based head‐tracking 3‐D displays

Abstract— This paper describes the construction and operation of four 3‐D displays in which each display produces two images for each eye and thus fits into the category of projection‐based binocular stereoscopic displays. The four 3‐D displays described are pico‐projector‐based, liquid‐ crystal—on—silicon (LCOS) conventional projector‐based, 120‐Hz digital‐light‐processor (DLP) projector‐ based, and the HELIUM3D system. In the first three displays, images are produced on a direct‐view LCD whose conventional backlight is replaced with a projection illumination source that is controlled by a multi‐user head tracker; novel steering optics direct the projector output to regions referred to as exit pupils located at the viewers' eyes. In the HELIUM3D display, the image information is supplied by a horizontally scanned, fast, light valve whose output is controlled by a spatial light modulator (SLM) to direct images to the appropriate viewers' eyes. The current statu s and the multimodal potential of the HELIUM3D display are described.     

A high optical efficiency 3D/2D convertible integral imaging display

We propose a high optical efficiency three‐dimensional (3D)/two‐dimensional (2D) convertible integral imaging display by using a pinhole array on a reflective polarizer. The 3D mode is realized by adopting a pinhole array on a reflective polarizer to generate a point light source array. Three‐dimensional/2D convertible feature is realized by electrically controlling a polarization switcher. The reflective polarizer can reflect the light that has the orthogonal polarization direction with the reflective polarizer and transmit the light that has the same polarization direction with the reflective polarizer. The reflected light is recycled, so the optical efficiencies for both 3D and 2D modes are enhanced. In the practical experiments, the optical efficiencies of the proposed integral imaging display increase by 8.04 times and 1.65 times in 3D and 2D modes comparing with the conventional integral imaging display that has no light recycle, respectively.     

基于微机电系统振镜的多频相移正弦结构光系统相位展开误差分析

随着增强现实和虚拟现实技术的发展,以及元宇宙概念的兴起,三维重建技术作为重要的内容获取手段得到了广泛的应用。其中,结构光重建技术以其高精度且不受物体表面材质纹理影响的特点,得到了研究者的重点关注。传统的结构光三维重建主要使用基于数字光处理的投影仪来投影编码图案,然而,数字光处理投影仪存在尺寸大、功率高、价格昂贵等缺点,限制了其在众多应用中的便利性。因此,微机电系统振镜因其体积小、成本低、帧率高等特点,在越来越多的三维扫描系统中,被考虑作为投影仪投影编码结构光。但限于只能投影单向条纹图案和存在红外激光器散斑效应带来的噪声的缺点,传统的基于三角测量方法并不适用。因此,该文采用相位-高度模型,搭建了基于微机电系统振镜的三维扫描系统。针对散斑效应引起的噪声,本文通过实验对比了基于微机电系统振镜常用的 3 种时间相位解包裹算法的抗噪性能。结果表明,多频层级法和负指数拟合法的抗噪性能较好,精度较高,而多频外差法的抗噪性能较差。该研究结果可为研究人员选择解相方法提供参考。     

Self‐calibration three‐dimensional light field display based on scalable multi‐LCDs

Approach to achieve self‐calibration three‐dimensional (3D) light field display is investigated in this paper. The proposed 3D light field display is constructed up on spliced multi‐LCDs, lens and diaphragm arrays, and directional diffuser. The light field imaging principle, hardware configuration, diffuser characteristic, and image reconstruction simulation are described and analyzed, respectively. Besides the light field imaging, a self‐calibration method is proposed to improve the imaging performance. An image sensor is deployed to capture calibration patterns projected onto and then reflected by the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, which is attached to and shaped the diffuser. These calibration components are assembled with the display unit and can be switched between display mode and calibration mode. In the calibration mode, the imperfect imaging relations of optical components are captured and calibrated automatically. We demonstrate our design by implementing the prototype of proposed 3D light field display by using modified off‐the‐shelf products. The proposed approach successfully meets the requirement of real application on scalable configuration, fast calibration, large viewing angular range, and smooth motion parallax.     

远心结构光三维系统研究

结构光三维重建技术已广泛应用于工业检测领域,随着工业检测需求的不断提高,工业检测 技术的需求也愈发向微小化和高精度化方向发展。其中,远心镜头具备透视误差小、镜头畸变小、成像失真少等优秀特性,获得越来越多的关注。该文投影仪采用传统镜头,将传统结构光系统中的相机镜头替换为远心镜头,通过对传统两步标定法的改进,对相机的仿射模型进行标定,随后用已标定的相机对投影仪进行参数标定。实验结果显示,所开发的远心结构光系统具备能够实现小视野范围的高精度、高分辨率三维重建,并具有加大的测量景深,可用于半导体器件及微型零部件等目标的高精度 三维检测。     

Multi‐viewer autostereoscopic display with dynamically addressable holographic backlight

Abstract— The Multi‐User 3‐D Television Display (MUTED), designed to provide three‐dimensional television (3‐D TV) by the display of autostereoscopic imagery to multiple viewers, each of whom should enjoy freedom of movement, is described. Such an autostereoscopic display system, which allows multiple viewers simultaneously by the use of head tracking, was previously demonstrated for TV applications in the ATTEST project. However, the requirement for a dynamically addressable, steerable backlight presented several problems for the illumination source. The MUTED system demonstrates significant advances in the realization of a multi‐user autostereoscopic display, partly due to the provision of a dynamic backlight employing a novel holographic laser projector. Such a technology provides significant advantages in terms of brightness, efficiency, laser speckle, and the ability to correct for optical aberrations compared to both imaging and scanned‐beam projection technologies.     

Projection‐type integral 3‐D display with distortion compensation

Abstract— Our research is aimed at developing a spatial‐imaging‐type integral three‐dimensional (3‐D) display based on an integral photography method using an extremely high‐resolution projector. One problem with the projection‐type integral 3‐D display is that geometrical distortion in projected elemental images causes spatial deformation of the displayed 3‐D image. In this study, a general relationship between the geometric distortion of elemental images and the spatial deformation of reconstructed 3‐D images were analyzed. A projection‐type integral 3‐D display with a distortion compensator which corrects the geometrical distortions of projected images in real‐time have been developed. The deformation of the displayed 3‐D images was significantly reduced by the distortion compensation, and the displayed 3‐D images had a resolution of 182 (H) × 140 (V) pixels and a viewing angle of 24.5°.     

结构光与双目视觉相结合的三维测量

在三维测量技术中,传统的双目立体视觉方法计算量大,对没有明显特征的图像,匹配精度较低。本文将基于结构光的三维测量技术与双目成像技术相结合,解决了特征点搜索的困难,提高了测量的精度。与传统结构光成像技术相比,采用常规的双相机立体标定,不需要进行投影仪标定,降低了系统的复杂性,提升了系统的可操作性和灵活性。最后,运用该技术进行三维测量实验,测量结果表明了该技术的可行性。