融合信任计算的协同过滤推荐方法

协同过滤推荐是目前应用最为广泛的推荐策略之一,但存在数据稀疏和难扩展问题.文中在传统基于用户的协同过滤推荐算法的基础上,引入信任关系计算,利用信任关系的条件传递特性,设计并构建一个集用户声望信任和用户局部信任的混和信任网络,并将用户间评分相似度和网络中用户间信任评价度结合,为用户寻找更多基于信任因素和兴趣因素的二维相似近邻.在Epinions数据集上以平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RSME)等作为实验评价指标,对该方法进行验证实验.结果表明相比传统协同过滤推荐算法,该方法在MAE上提高约6.8%,最优值达到0.7513,t检验的结果也表明该方法能显著提高推荐系统性能.     

融合时间加权信任与用户偏好的协同过滤算法

针对现有的协同过滤推荐算法中存在评分数据稀疏和用户兴趣动态变化的问题,提出了融合时间加权信任与用户偏好的协同过滤算法.考虑到用户评分时间的不均匀,对时间权重进行改进,并将其融入到直接信任计算中,缓解用户兴趣动态变化的问题.通过信任传递得到的间接信任以及建立用户对项目标签的偏好矩阵得到用户之间的偏好相似度来缓解数据的稀疏...     

基于评分差异度和用户偏好的协同过滤算法

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法仅通过使用用户评分数据计算用户相似度以至于推荐精度不高的问题,提出一种改进的协同过滤推荐算法。首先,以用户评分的平均值作为分界点得出用户间的评分差异度,并将其作为权重因子计算基于评分的用户相似度;其次,依据用户项目评分和项目类别信息挖掘用户对项目类别的兴趣度以及用户项目偏好,并以此计算用户偏好相似度;然后,结合上述两种相似度加权产生用户综合相似度;最后,融合传统项目相似度和用户综合相似度进行评分预测及项目推荐。实验结果表明,相对于传统的基于用户评分的协同过滤推荐算法,所提算法在数据集下的平均绝对误差值平均降低了2.4%。该算法可在一定程度上提高推荐算法精度以及推荐质量。     

基于图嵌入模型的协同过滤推荐算法

传统协同过滤算法存在严重的数据稀疏和冷启动问题。利用社交网络中的丰富信息为解决传统协同过滤算法的数据稀疏和冷启动带来了契机。然而,传统基于社交网络的协同过滤算法仅利用粗粒度、稀疏的用户信任关系来改进传统协同过滤算法,即用0或1表示用户之间信任程度。另外,传统基于社交网络推荐算法仅仅集成用户之间显式信任关系,而忽略用户之间隐式的信任关系。本文提出一种基于图嵌入模型的协同过滤推荐算法,即利用图嵌入模型技术学习社交网络中用户的低维特征表示,并根据用户的低维特征表示推导用户之间细粒度的信任关系。最后,根据信任用户和相似用户对目标物品的评分权重预测用户对目标物品的评分。在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,基于图嵌入模型的协同过滤算法的性能优于传统的协同过滤算法。     

基于多权重相似度的随机漫步推荐算法

在传统个性化推荐算法的基础上,提出了一种基于多权重相似度的随机漫步推荐算法。为了解决传统协同过滤算法中忽略了社交网络、热门项目以及共同评分项目之间影响等问题,通过引入万有引力公式计算社交网络中的用户相似度,并对传统协同过滤算法中的相似度进行改进,采用权重因子结合这两者相似度,最后开拓性地结合随机漫步算法进行商品推荐。实验结果表明,提出的算法具有比其他推荐算法更好的推荐性能。     

采用信任网络增强的协同过滤算法

由于数据稀疏性问题的普遍存在,不仅传统的协同过滤系统中使用单一相似度进行的推荐不具备较高的可信度,而且共同评分项过于稀疏也会导致其推荐性能大打折扣。针对以上问题,提出了一种采用信任网络增强的协同过滤算法(记为ECFATN)。通过引入社会网络中常用的信任关系,即在原始的“用户-项目”评分矩阵上,通过信任计算建立用户间的信任关系,并使用传播规则传递信任关系,构建一个用户信任网络。最终使用用户间的信任度与相似度线性加权作为新的权重进行推荐。在真实的数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明,ECFATN算法不仅在一定程度上缓解了数据稀疏性问题并提高了推荐精度,而且由于信任关系的引入,对于用户冷启动问题也有较大的提升。     

基于相似性填充和信任因子的协同过滤算法

针对传统协同过滤算法中用户交叉评分项较少的情况,提出一种相似度与社交网络中信任因子结合的新方法。首先利用评分矩阵获取用户间相对缺失的评分项。其次通过概率矩阵分解技术进行降维获得近似评分矩阵,用以动态填充上述缺失项目评分,以填充后的用户评分计算用户间相似度。对于部分填充中存在误差的项目通过信任因子动态调整,获得更符合实际的相似度。在公开数据集Movie Lens的实验结果显示,该方法较传统方法在推荐精度方面提升2.1%以上。     

基于链路预测的有向互动影响力和用户信任的推荐算法

针对传统推荐算法存在忽视社交网络结构紧密强度对用户信任传递的影响和缺乏社交心理解释等问题,提出基于链路预测的有向性互动影响力和用户信任的推荐算法。首先利用融合用户偏好行为和社交圈的综合相似度识别出目标用户的相似朋友圈;其次通过结合节点引力指数和有向性影响因子获得目标用户之间的有向性互动影响力,再利用由有向性互动影响力和用户评分信任而得的综合用户信任值在目标用户的相似朋友圈中寻找出值得信任的相似用户集合,有效提高了推荐的精确性,最后产生推荐。结果表明,所提的推荐方法较之前的社会网络推荐算法在性能上具有显著提高。     

融合社交网络特征的协同过滤推荐算法

为了解决传统协同过滤算法中存在的严峻的数据稀疏性问题,提出了一种融合社交网络特征的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法在传统矩阵分解模型基础上,通过融合社交网络特征与用户评分偏好程度得到信任和被信任特征矩阵,然后利用社交特征矩阵、商品特征矩阵和用户评分偏好相似性共同预测用户对商品的评分值。为了验证该算法的可靠性,使用Epinions公开数据集对算法性能进行对比分析。实验结果显示,相比现有的社交推荐算法,所提算法有更小的平均绝对误差和均方根误差,同时算法的时间复杂度与数据集的数量之间为线性关系。因此,该算法可以有效缓解数据稀疏性对推荐结果的影响,并提高推荐准确率。在现实推荐中,该算法可以考虑作为大规模数据集进行商品推荐的一个选择方式。     

一种新的社会化相似度计算方法

基于社交网络的推荐算法引入社交网络信息到协同过滤算法中来, 使得用户朋友的偏好能够影响用户本身的偏好 。这些算法需要用到用户之间的相似度信息。目前有两个流行的基于共同评分项目集的相似度计算函数（VSS、PCC）。在很多情况下, 由于用户间没有共同评分项目集, 故无法计算他们之间的相似度。为了解决这个问题, 提出了一种基于矩阵分解的新的社会化相似度计算方法。在真实的包含社交网络的数据集上进行实验验证, 该方法的性能优于几个经典的基于社交网络的协同过滤算法, 而且能够解决新用户的冷启动问题。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.