Modeling and control for wireless networked control system

In this paper, the stabilization problem is considered for the class of wireless networked control systems (WNCS). An indicator is introduced in the WNCS model. The packet drop sequences in the indicator are represented as states of a Markov chain. A new discrete Markov switching system model integrating 802.11 protocol and new scheduling approach for wireless networks with control systems are constructed. The variable controller can be obtained easily by solving the linear matrix inequality (LMI) with the use of the Matlab toolbox. Both the known and unknown dropout probabilities are considered. Finally, a simulation is given to show the feasibility of the proposed method.     

带滤波的无线传感器网络的H∞控制

本文研究了基于滤波的无线传感器网络的H∞控制问题.首先建立了无线传感器网络的模型,然后使用稳态Kalman滤波器对多个传感器节点的输出信号进行滤波,将滤波后的信号作为无线传感器网络系统的反馈输出,并通过建模和分析得到带干扰的线性离散切换系统模型.最后设计了切换控制器,并基于Lyapunov函数给出了在任意切换条件下使该切换系统满足H∞控制的条件.仿真结果验证了该方法和结果的可行性.     

具有多时滞的无线通信网络功率和速率控制

现有的无线通信网络功率和速率控制方法没有考虑系统中存在的多时滞情况,为此,针对具有多时滞的无线通信网络进行建模及功率和速率控制方法的研究.首先,根据无线通信网络功率和速率控制的物理机制,建立新的具有多时滞的无线通信网络功率和速率控制系统的数学模型.该模型包含速率控制中的时滞、功率控制中的时滞、状态时滞和输入时滞.在此基础上,通过预测控制和线性矩阵不等式设计鲁棒功率和速率控制器.仿真结果验证了所设计的功率和速率控制器的有效性.     

基于无线噪声信道的编码端码率控制算法研究

针对分布式视频编码系统的关键帧在无线信道中传输受到噪声污染的情况,提出一种基于无线噪声信道的编码端码率控制算法。首先对解码端边信息携带的无线信道噪声进行了理论和实验分析,建立了边信息中无线信道噪声的分布模型;然后结合相关噪声模型推导出编码端的噪声联合模型,并根据分布式视频编码的率失真理论,提出了在无线信道下WZ帧不同系数带的码率控制算法,同时将新的码率控制算法引入基于无线噪声信道的Wyner-Ziv编码器中。实验表明,与现有的编码端码率控制算法相比,所提出的算法在不同无线信道噪声下可使解码重构视频的PSNR值平均提高约0.1～1.8 dB,且未增加复杂度。     

无线环境下基于丢包区分算法的流媒体拥塞控制

无线环境中存在的链路质量以及切换等的问题严重影响了拥塞控制机制的性能,该文针对此问题,考虑到实际无线链路的差错控制对上层的影响,提出了一种新的基于(M,K)统计测量方式的端到端丢包区分算法,并基于此设计了适合于无线环境的流媒体拥塞控制机制(WTFRC)。通过NS模拟验证,相对于其他端到端丢包区分算法,该文提出的算法的准确度更高,WTFRC可以在实际的无线环境中保持良好的性能。     

Multi-Sensor Estimation for Unreliable Wireless Networks with Contention-Based Protocols

The state estimation plays an irreplaceable role in many real applications since it lays the foundation for decision-making and control. This paper studies the multi-sensor estimation problem for a contention-based unreliable wireless network. At each time step, no more than one sensor can communicate with the base station due to the potential contention and collision. In addition, data packets may be lost during transmission since wireless channels are unreliable. A novel packet arrival model is proposed which simultaneously takes into account the above two issues. Two scenarios of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are considered: the sensors transmit the raw measurements directly and the sensors send the local estimation instead. Based on the obtained packet arrival model, necessary and sufficient stability conditions of the estimation at the base station side are provided for both network scenarios. In particular, all offered stability conditions are expressed by simple inequalities in terms of the packet arrival rates and the spectral radius of the system matrix. Their relationships with existing related results are also discussed. Finally, the proposed results are demonstrated by simulation examples and an environment monitoring prototype system.     

长链树状无线传感器网络中遗传蚁群路由优化算法

为提高长链树状无线传感器网络的服务质量(QoS),本文用云遗传蚁群网络算法对无线传感器网络路由进行优化.算法中将正向蚂蚁根据节点负载情况发现的可行路径作为遗传算法的初始种群进行染色体编码,用路径时延、跳数及链路质量定义的适应度函数对染色体进行评价;利用正态云发生器实现路径的交叉和变异操作,逆向蚂蚁对优化后的路径进行信息素更新.仿真结果表明该路由算法能够满足无线传感器网络的实时性、可靠性等方面的要求,实现了网络的负载平衡及拥塞控制机制.     

MPC-based Co-design of Control and Routing for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks

A wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) is a class of networked control systems. In WSANs, sensors and actuators are located in a distributed way, and communicate to controllers through a wireless communication network such as a multi-hop network. In this paper, we propose a model predictive control (MPC) method for co-design of control and routing of WSANs. MPC is an optimal control strategy based on numerical optimization. The control input is calculated by solving the finite-time optimal control problem at each discrete time. In the proposed method, a WSAN is modeled by a switched linear system. In the finite-time optimal control problem, a control input and a mode corresponding to a communication path are optimized simultaneously. The proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example.     

Wireless control system design and co-simulation

This paper discusses the communication and control co-design and co-simulation of wireless networked control systems. The interactions between the network and the control system are considered, and general networking and control co-design solutions are proposed for wireless control applications. The PiccSIM simulator for wireless control system simulation is used to study the effects of specific network protocol and control algorithms in practice. Packet loss models based on measurements of real industrial radio environments are incorporated into the simulator. This allows the realistic evaluation of the suitability of the network protocols for wireless control applications. A network quality of service measure is introduced, which gives a direct relationship between the network and control performances. Two simulation cases show the capabilities of PiccSIM for wireless control application research and development, where the co-design issues and solutions are demonstrated in detail.     

长链型无线传感器网络QoS路由优化的研究*

针对输电线路监测系统对无线传感器网络实时性和可靠性要求较高的特点,在抽象出的长链型传感器网络QoS路由模型中把网络带宽、时延、跳数、收包率作为链路约束,寻求网络中的最优数据传输路径。考虑到基本蚁群算法存在收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优等缺陷,提出一种用自适应蚁群算法求解最优路径的方法。仿真结果表明,改进的算法通过自适应地调整信息素挥发因子,能够快速地找到满足约束的最优路径,网络规模越大其优势越明显,保证了用于输电线路监测的无线传感器网络数据传输的服务质量。     

时延加权融合技术的无线传感器网络控制

本文研究了无线传感器网络控制系统的建模、稳定性与控制器设计问题.首先建立一个新的无线传感器网络控制系统模型,然后提出一种用于多个传感器数据融合的时延相关加权均值方法,并通过系统建模及分析,把无线传感器网络控制系统稳定性问题转换成为具有多个传输时延和丢包现象的多传感器单控制器网络控制系统稳定性问题.并利用线性跳变系统理论...     

Identification and control of Hammerstein systems via wireless networks

This article investigates a systematic approach for the identification and control of Hammerstein systems over a physical IEEE 802.11b wireless channel. Three major factors which may affect system stability and stabilisation are concerned: wireless network-induced delays, nonlinearity and model mismatch. First the network-induced delays are characterised by an inverse Gaussian distribution model according to IEEE 802.11b protocol and a model-based compensation method is used to estimate the delayed samples. Then an inverse function of nonlinear part of the identified model is used to attenuate the influence of nonlinearity, while the model mismatch is regarded as disturbance which is then dealt with by H _∞ control approach. A sufficient condition for mean-square asymptotic stability is obtained and expressed by a set of linear matrix inequalities, enabling direct controller design. Finally, numerical simulation examples are used to confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach.     

无线比例遥控系统

介绍一种实用的，无线遥控方式的，线性遥控系统。文章阐明了它是一个理论上严密的线性控制系统，不用A／D、D／A、MUC等成本较高的系统组成，用它可节约线缆成本。     

Model Predictive Control of Nonlinear Discrete Time Systems with Guaranteed Stability

This paper presents the design of a new robust model predictive control algorithm for nonlinear systems represented by a linear model with unstructured uncertainty. The linear model is obtained by linearizing the nonlinear system at an operating point and the difference between the nonlinear and linear model is considered as a Lipschitz nonlinear function. The controller is designed for the linear model, which fulfills the stabilization condition for the nonlinear term. Unlike previous studies that have not considered a valid Lipschitz matrix of nonlinear term in the design process, we propose an algorithm in this paper in which it is considered. Therefore, the closed loop stability of the nonlinear system is guaranteed. A novel SOS optimization problem to determine design parameters is introduced, which leads to improved closed‐loop performance in comparison to a trial and error tuning procedure. Furthermore, an algorithm is presented to enlarge the region of attraction for the nonlinear closed‐loop system. Stability is improved by checking some additional conditions if which the system may be unstable if not considered. The validity of the proposed algorithm is confirmed by examples.     

Comparing a class of dynamic model-based reinforcement learning schemes for handoff prioritization in mobile communication networks

This paper presents and compares three model-based reinforcement learning schemes for admission policy with handoff prioritization in mobile communication networks. The goal is to reduce the handoff failures while making efficient use of the wireless network resources. A performance measure is formed as a weighted linear function of the blocking probability of new connection requests and the handoff failure probability. Then, the problem is formulated as a semi-Markov decision process with an average cost criterion and a simulation-based learning algorithm is developed to approximate the optimal control policy. The proposed schemes are driven by a dynamic model estimated simultaneously while learning the control policy using samples generated from direct interactions with the network. Extensive simulations are provided to assess and compare their effectiveness of the algorithm under a variety of traffic conditions with some well-known policies.     

Modelling and control of Zigbee-based wireless networked control system with both network-induced delay and packet dropout

A new stochastic switched linear model is established to describe the Zigbee-based wireless networked control system (WNCS) with both network-induced delay and packet dropout. The network-induced delay can be less or longer than one sampling period. A sufficient condition is presented for the exponentially mean square stability of the closed-loop WNCS, and corresponding state feedback controller is designed by using the augmenting technique and multi-Lyapunov approach. Then, combined with carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) algorithm, a method is given to choose proper parameter values. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Interconnection of CAN segments through IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a high-performance and highly reliable advanced serial communication protocol, which efficiently supports distributed real-time control. CAN-based distributed control systems have generally two main problems that are the size of distributed area and the need for communication with other LANs and with remote CAN segments. A straightforward solution is to use internetworking devices with wireless support to extend CAN segments. In this paper, a new solution to interconnect CAN segments is proposed, which uses a wireless MAN based on the IEEE 802.16 standard as a backbone system. Also, the solution describing a model for internetworking unit integrates the traffic generated by CAN segments into IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN using encapsulation technique.     

一种适用于无线传感器网络的功率控制MAC协议

功率控制技术通过减少节点的发射功率来降低能耗,但节点间不对称的发射功率会增加网络的冲突概率并降低吞吐量.根据实际环境中的节点部署情况,引入了基于Pareto分布的系统模型.研究了传感器网络中功率控制技术在节省能量方面的性能,提出了一种基于SMAC(sensor-MAC)可适用于无线传感器网络的功率控制MAC(media access control)协议.此协议使用功率控制调度算法选择最优相邻节点,使网络中节点的拓扑连接得到优化,在保证网络连通性的同时,降低通信的冲突率,扩大网络的吞吐量.信息的传递以最优功率发射,并使通信节点具有反作用冲突节点的能力,从而在降低网络能耗的同时保证了节点间通信的公平性.实验仿真结果显示,与现有的几种重要方案相比,新的功率控制MAC协议使网络具有了更大的有效吞吐量及更长的生存时间.     

Active control of flexible systems by a mathematical programming approach

A class of control problems for a damped distributed parameter system governed by a system of partial differential equations with side constraints (equality and/or inequality) is considered. The proposed approach approximates each control force of the system by a Fourier-type series. In contrast to standard linear optimal control approaches, the method used here is based on the mathematical programming approach, in which the necessary condition of optimality is derived as a system of linear algebraic equations. The proposed approach is easy to apply to a large class of control problems. A vibrating beam excited by an initial disturbance is studied numerically in which the effectiveness of the control and the amount of force spent in the process are investigated in relation to the reduction to the dynamic response.     

Multipath routing and rate-controlled video encoding in wireless video surveillance networks

Video surveillance systems typically consist of many video sources distributed over a wide area, transmitting live video streams to a central location for processing and monitoring. The target of this paper—to bring down the overall system cost and increase feasibility, scalability, and performance—is to propose a new architecture for a wireless video surveillance network, whose telecommunication infrastructure is based on a wireless mesh network, and where video sources are able to estimate network bandwidth and consequently control their output rate. Multipath routing is applied in such a way that at least part of the information arrives at its destination even if a wireless link is shielded (maliciously or not). A case study is considered to discuss the performance of the proposed architecture, analyzing a comparison between single-path and multipath approaches.