自适应移动宽线检测方法

为消除基本宽线检测算子中的冗余计算量,提高其运算速度,提出了一种快速的宽线算子实现方法——自适应移动宽线算子。基本宽线算子采取逐像素移动的方式来检测图像中的宽线特征;自适应移动宽线算子与之不同,在检测宽线像素时能够根据当前像素类型自适应地确定模板移动的步长,从而加快模板的移动速度,较好地消除了基本算法中的冗余运算。利用测试图像进行的实验的结果表明,自适应移动宽线算子在取得相当检测性能的同时,提高了基本宽线算子的运算速度。     

基于二值形态学算子的轨道图像分割新算法

为了高效地提取轨道图像特征空间,采用改进的Sobel算子对轨道结构中的扣件和钢轨轮廓进行边缘检测,结合二值形态学理论处理检测结果,使用结构元素尺度变换条件下的开闭序列级联滤波方法,得到特征空间像素面积相互独立的轨道图像,并使用统计分析的方法计算出特征空间像素面积大小,确定出扣件和钢轨的特征区域。通过在不同天气状况下的多组对比实验,验证了本方法能够在不同的温度和光照环境中,对轨道图像中的特征区域进行稳定、准确、高效的提取。     

一种基于数学形态学的边缘检测方法

基于微分算子的边缘检测方法存在抗噪性能弱等缺点,非线性的数学形态学边缘检测可以克服这些缺点,而使用单一结构元素对图像进行形态学处理会模糊很多细节。鉴于这些不足,运用多结构多尺度的思想,将形态学的滤波和边缘检测结合起来,提出一种边缘检测方法,首先采用多结构多尺度的方法对噪声图像进行串联开闭滤波,再利用改进的多结构元素的形态学梯度算子进行边缘提取。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的抗噪效果且提取的边缘比较平滑。     

一种新的图像分割算法

在形态学梯度边缘检测算子的基础上,综合多尺度和多结构元算法的特性,提出了一种新的图像分割方法。利用桥梁的明显特征预测桥梁目标的位置,获得感兴趣区域,通过多阈值法简化原图;采用多尺度形态滤波和区域标记得到目标的初始轮廓,构造5个不同方向的结构元素,对这些结构元素运用多尺度形态学方法来检测目标边缘。实验结果表明本算法能够比较准确地完成图像分割。     

小波多尺度下真彩色图像边缘检测

现代图像的边缘检测方法需要在充分利用图像中的色彩信息基础上能够提供多尺度下的边缘信息。提出了小波多尺度下彩色图像边缘提取算法,利用小波多尺度特征模板对R、G、B三个分量滤波磨光输出,并对磨光后的图像进行向量扩展梯度（Vector Expand Gradient,VEG）,提取边缘。实验结果表明：算法能有效地在不同尺度下提取真彩色图像由细到粗的轮廓边缘信息。     

一种基于改进算子的形态学边缘检测算法

针对传统的边缘检测算法存在的不足,文中基于修正的边缘检测算子和形态滤波思想,采用多尺度和多结构元素,提出了一种新的多结构多尺度形态学灰度图像边缘检测算法,通过构造新算子实现边缘检测。在该算法中,分别将各个结构元素下的检测结果进行加权求和,得到图像的边缘。实验表明,和其他的传统或形态学边缘检测算法相比,文中方法具有更好的噪声抑制能力,而且边缘定位准确,检测到的边缘轮廓更加清晰完整。     

多尺度AMSS算子在布匹瑕疵检测中的应用研究

为了提高布匹瑕疵图像的滤波效果,针对检测过程中图像易受到多种混合噪声污染的特点,提出一种基于多尺度迭代思想以改进AMSS算子.将偏微分方程中的AMSS方程以有限差分的形式离散化,依据量化尺度参数t和尺度步长△t,采用小尺度步长对污染图像进行多次迭代滤波.针对改进AMSS算子的滤波结果,介绍了一种采用水平线算法进行效果分析的新方法.实验结果表明,和其他算法相比,该滤波算法在滤除受未知混合噪声污染图像干扰的同时,能够更好地保留边缘信息,从而达到更理想的平滑效果.     

基于高斯变换的多尺度SUSAN角点检测方法

针对传统SUSAN算子只能在单一尺度下检测图像中角点的不足,提出一种基于高斯变换的多尺度SUSAN角点检测方法。该方法利用高斯变换获得待检测图像的多尺度分层图像,以构建高斯金字塔,结合自适应阈值的SUSAN算子检测出不同尺度下的角点作为候选角点,将其还原到原始图像中的相应位置构成候选角点集,在候选角点集中经小邻域信息筛选获得最终角点。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够在不同尺度下有效获取有用的角点信息,而且提高SUSAN算子正确率的同时,降低了角点的伪检率。     

灰度图像的自适应边缘检测

提出利用灰度图像的均方差直方图实现自适应多尺度高斯滤波,实现在去噪的同时保留图像边缘特征,并通过灰度图像梯度特征信息,自适应生成动态阈值,对边缘进行自动检测,克服了传统Canny算子参数需要人为设定的不足。实验结果表明,与传统Canny算子相比,该方法可有效保留边缘信息,更具实用性。     

SAR图像尺度不变特征提取方法研究

与光学图像相比,SAR图像噪声干扰明显增强,导致光学图像处理领域中常用的尺度不变特征提取算法的稳定性在SAR图像中明显下降。为此,提出一种基于Harris算子的SAR图像尺度不变特征提取方法。该方法首先将单尺度图像特征点检测中具有良好稳定性的Harris算子拓展到多尺度图像域,并结合Harris算子极值点的稳定性分析实现尺度不变特征定位,以提高特征定位的稳定性。进而采用迭代滤波器取代传统卷积滤波器完成特征定位中所需高斯滤波操作,以提高特征定位的速度。最后利用特征点邻域内的像素梯度信息完成了特征描述字的构造。SAR图像实测数据验证表明,与其他尺度不变特征提取算法相比,本文算法具有更优的稳定性。     

一种基于自适应背景杂波模型的宽幅SAR图像CFAR舰船检测算法

利用海洋宽幅SAR图像进行大范围海域舰船检测在海洋监视、军事侦察等方面具有重要应用。由于海况的复杂性,宽幅SAR图像背景杂波特性随海域不同而变化。采用双参数CFAR检测算法和基于K分布CFAR检测算法在处理宽幅SAR图像时,由于在待检测的所有区域采用同种背景杂波模型,导致使用的杂波模型在不适应区域失配,使CFAR检测性能下降。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于自适应背景杂波模型的CFAR宽幅SAR图像舰船检测算法,该算法通过背景窗口的多尺度统计方差判断目标所处的杂波环境,自适应选择对应的背景杂波分布模型,最后根据已知的恒虚警率及选择的杂波概率密度函数进行CFAR检测。对20多幅宽幅SAR图像进行了试验,实验结果表明:该算法在检测精度上有明显的改善。     

Robust scale invariant target detection using the scale-space theory and optimization for IRST

This paper presents a new small target detection method using scale invariant feature. Detecting small targets whose sizes are varying is very important to automatic target detection in infrared search and track (IRST). The conventional spatial filtering methods with fixed sized kernel show limited target detection performance for incoming targets. The scale invariant target detection can be defined as searching for maxima in the 3D (x, y, and scale) representation of an image with the Laplacian function. The scale invariant feature can detect different sizes of targets robustly. Experimental results with real FLIR images show higher detection rate and lower false alarm rate than conventional methods. Furthermore, the proposed method shows very low false alarms in scan-based IR images than conventional filters.     

Efficient spatial image watermarking via new perceptual masking and blind detection schemes

The aim of this paper is to improve the performance of spatial domain watermarking. To this end, a new perceptual mask and a new detection scheme are proposed. The proposed spatial perceptual mask is based on the cover image prediction error sequence and matches very well with the properties of the human visual system. It exhibits superior performance compared to existing spatial masking schemes. Moreover, it allows for a significantly increased strength of the watermark while, at the same time, the watermark visibility is decreased. The new blind detection scheme comprises an efficient prewhitening process and a correlation-based detector. The prewhitening process is based on the least-squares prediction error filter and substantially improves the detector's performance. The correlation-based detector that was selected is shown to be the most suitable for the problem at hand. The improved performance of the proposed detection scheme has been justified theoretically for the case of linear filtering plus noise attack and through extensive simulations. The theoretical analysis is independent of the proposed mask and the derived expressions can be used for any watermarking technique based on spatial masking. It is shown though that in most cases the detector performs better if the proposed mask is employed.     

一种基于尺度空间理论的直线抽取算法

抽取直线方法是计算机视觉中尚完善的问题之一,在若干多尺度边缘检测方法的基础上,提出了把线结构作为一种尺度空间特征的新思路,这样直线抽取过程就转化为尺度空间中的特征分析过程,通过分析线结构在尺度空间中的演化规律,提出了一种稳健的直线抽取算法,对合成图象产自然景物图象的实验结果表明了新方法的有效性。     

Envisat AP图像P-CFAR舰船检测方法研究

Envisat的AP数据可以在一次成像过程中得到同一场景的两幅不同极化模式的数据,使用这种数据进行船只检测可以有效的提高检测概率并降低虚警率。为利用AP数据中包含的关于目标和场景的有效信息,引入了基于向量矢量的P-CFAR检测器对交替极化数据进行检测。首先使用GIS数据对陆地区域进行了掩膜处理,剔除了陆地区域的影响。然后使用P-CFAR检测器对目标进行检测。通过检测器窗口的滑动,我们对中心像素的信息量进行计算,并将其与检测阈值进行比较,从而检测得到目标。最后,为剔除虚警,使用了一个复合目标辨识算法对检测得到的候选目标进行了辨识。为了评价该算法的检测性能,利用Envisat ASAR的交替极化数据进行了实验,实验结果表明该方法能够充分利用目标和场景的有效信息,在环境干扰较大的情况下也可以对舰船进行有效的检测。     

A parallel-line detection algorithm based on HMM decoding

The detection of groups of parallel lines is important in applications such as form processing and text (handwriting) extraction from rule lined paper. These tasks can be very challenging in degraded documents where the lines are severely broken. In this paper, we propose a novel model-based method which incorporates high-level context to detect these lines. After preprocessing (such as skew correction and text filtering), we use trained hidden Markov models (HMM) to locate the optimal positions of all lines simultaneously on the horizontal or vertical projection profiles, based on the Viterbi decoding. The algorithm is trainable so it can be easily adapted to different application scenarios. The experiments conducted on known form processing and rule line detection show our method is robust, and achieves better results than other widely used line detection methods.     

Error analysis in determining the centroids of circular objects in images

Detecting the size and/or location of circular object(s) in an image(s) has application in many areas, like, flow diagnostics, biomedical engineering, computer vision, etc. The detection accuracy of circular object(s) largely depends on the accuracy of centroiding algorithm and image preprocessing technique. In the present work, an error analysis is performed in determining the centroids of circular objects using synthetic images with eight different signal-to-noise ratios ranging from 2.7 to 17.8. In the first stage, four different centroiding algorithms, namely, Center of Mass, Weighted Center of Mass, Späth algorithm, and Hough transform, are studied and compared. The error analysis shows that Späth algorithm performs better than other algorithms. In the second stage, various image preprocessing techniques, consisting of two filters, namely, Median and Wiener, and five image segmentation methods, namely, Sobel, Prewitt, Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) edge detector, basic global thresholding, and Otsu’s global thresholding, are compared to determine the centroids of circular objects using Späth algorithm. It is found that Wiener filter plus LoG edge detector performs better than other preprocessing techniques. Real images of a calibration target (typical in flow diagnostics) and the secondary atomization of water droplets are then considered for centroids detection. These two images are preprocessed using Wiener filter plus LoG edge detector and then processed using Späth algorithm to detect the centroids of circular objects. It is observed that the results of real image of the calibration target and synthetic images are comparable. Also, based on visual inspection, the centroids detected in the real image of water droplets are found to be reasonably accurate.

     

Antifaces: a novel, fast method for image detection

This paper offers a novel detection method, which works well even in the case of a complicated image collection. It can also be applied to detect 3D objects under different views. The detection problem is solved by sequentially applying very simple filters (or detectors), which are designed to yield small results on the multitemplate (hence antifaces), and large results on “random” natural images. This is achieved by making use of a simple probabilistic assumption on the distribution of natural images, which is borne out well in practice. Only images which passed the threshold test imposed by the first detector are examined by the second detector, etc. The detectors are designed to act independently so that their false alarms are uncorrelated; this results in a false alarm rate which decreases exponentially in the number of detectors. The algorithm's performance compares favorably to the well-known eigenface and support vector machine based algorithms, but is substantially faster     

Adaptive-scale filtering and feature detection using range data

In edge and corner detection applications, it is typical to examine a single scale without knowing which scale is appropriate for each location in the image. However, many images contain a wide variation in the distance to the scene pixels and, thus, features of the same size can appear at greatly differing scales in the image. We present a method where the scale of the filtering and feature detection is varied locally according to the distance to the scene pixel, which we estimate through stereoscopy. The features that are detected are, thus, at the same scale in the world, rather than at the same scale in the image. This method has been implemented efficiently by filtering the image at a discrete set of scales and performing interpolation to estimate the response at the correct scale for each pixel. The application of this technique to an ordnance recognition problem has resulted in a considerable improvement in performance