基于标签信息特征相似性的协同过滤个性化推荐

标签推荐系统旨在利用标签数据为用户提供个性化推荐。已有的基于标签的推荐方法往往忽视了用户和资源本身的特征,而且在相似性度量时仅针对项目相似性或用户相似性进行计算,并未充分考虑二者之间的有效融合,推荐结果的准确性较低。为了解决上述问题,将标签信息融入到结合用户相似性和项目相似性的协同过滤中,提出融合标签特征与相似性的协同过滤个性化推荐方法。该方法在充分考虑用户、项目以及标签信息的基础上,利用二维矩阵来定义用户-标签以及标签-项目之间的行为。构建用户和项目的标签特征表示,通过基于标签特征的相似性度量方法计算用户相似性和项目相似性。基于用户标签行为和用户与项目的相似性线性组合来预测用户对项目的偏好值,并根据预测偏好值排序,生成最终的推荐列表。在Last.fm数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法能够提高推荐的准确度,满足用户的个性化需求。     

基于加权三部图的协同过滤推荐算法

针对基于用户的协同过滤算法推荐结果过度集中在热门物品,导致多样性和新颖性较低、覆盖率较小的问题,文中提出基于加权三部图的协同过滤推荐算法.在分析数据稀疏和附加信息较少的基础上引入标签信息,可同时反映用户兴趣和物品属性,利用用户、物品和标签三元关系构建三部图.通过三部图网络映射到单模网络的方法获得用户偏好度,构建用户偏好...     

融合标签和长短期兴趣的矩阵分解推荐算法

为提高用户兴趣挖掘的准确性,实现更加精准的用户个性化推荐,提出一种融合标签和长短期兴趣的矩阵分解推荐算法。利用用户使用各标签的次数和生命周期挖掘用户的长短期兴趣,计算用户标签偏好值;利用用户标签偏好值比较用户间的兴趣,获得更加精准的用户间兴趣相似度;将用户间兴趣相似度引入矩阵分解模型,预测项目评分并进行推荐。实验结果表明,该算法挖掘出的用户兴趣比其它推荐算法准确。     

使用群体兴趣偏好度的协同过滤推荐

推荐系统是电子商务系统中最重要的技术之一,用户相似性度量方法是影响推荐算法准确率高低的关键因素。针对用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下传统相似性度量方法的不足,提出了一种基于群体兴趣偏好度的协同过滤推荐算法,根据群体兴趣偏好度来预测用户对未评分项目的评分,在此基础上再采用传统的相似性度量方法计算目标用户的最近邻居。实验结果表明,该算法可以有效解决用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下传统相似性度量方法存在的问题,显著提高推荐系统的推荐质量。     

基于标签权重的协同过滤推荐算法

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法中由于相似度计算导致推荐精度不足的问题,提出一种基于标签权重相似度量方法的协同过滤推荐算法。首先,通过改进当前算法中标签权重的计算,并构成用户-标签权重矩阵和物品-标签权重矩阵;其次,考虑到推荐系统是以用户为中心进行推荐,继而通过构建用户-物品关联矩阵来获取用户对物品最准确的评价和需求;最后,根据用户-物品的二部图,利用物质扩散算法计算基于标签权重的用户间相似度,并为目标用户生成推荐列表。实验结果表明,与一种基于"用户-项目-用户兴趣标签图"的协同好友推荐算法（UITGCF）相比,在稀疏度环境为0.1时该算法的召回率、准确率和F1值分别提高了14.69%、9.44%、17.23%。当推荐项目数量为10时,三个指标分别提高了17.99%、8.98%、16.27%。结果表明基于标签权重的协同过滤推荐算法可有效提高推荐结果。     

融合用户兴趣和评分差异的协同过滤推荐算法

针对传统的协同过滤算法中单一评分相似性计算不准确的问题,提出融合用户兴趣和评分差异的协同过滤推荐算法。将TF-IDF思想运用到用户对标签的权重计算中,并使用指数衰减函数和时间窗口捕捉用户兴趣的变化;根据历史评分矩阵,充分考虑用户评分值差异、评判准则差异、影响力差异和项目影响差异等影响因子,定义了一种评分差异相似性度量算法;最后将用户兴趣相似性和评分差异相似性进行加权融合,获取更加准确的用户邻居,从而预测项目评分并进行推荐。在数据集Movielens的实验表明,提出的算法能有效提高推荐精度。     

基于归因理论用户偏好提取的协同过滤算法

协同过滤算法的用户评分与用户偏好之间可能存在偏差,导致推荐准确度降低。为此,提出一种基于归因理论的用户偏好提取算法。基于用户行为的一致性、区别性和正负偏好信息提取用户偏好。融合偏好相似性与评分相似性以获得更优的最近邻集合,计算用户对未评分项目的预测评分值。在通用数据集Movies Lens-1M上进行实验,结果表明,在10%偏好相似性与60%评分相似性的融合条件下,该算法的推荐准确度取得最优值,且优于传统协同过滤算法以及HU-FCF、BM/CPT-V等改进算法。     

基于潜在标签挖掘和细粒度偏好的个性化标签推荐

为进一步提高个性化标签推荐性能,针对标签数据的稀疏性以及传统方法忽略隐藏在用户和项目上下文中潜在标签的缺陷,提出一种基于潜在标签挖掘和细粒度偏好的个性化标签推荐方法。首先,提出利用用户和项目的上下文信息从大量未观测标签中挖掘用户可能感兴趣的少量潜在标签,将标签重新划分为正类标签、潜在标签和负类标签三类,进而构建〈用户,项目〉对标签的细粒度偏好关系,在缓解标签稀疏性的同时,提高对标签偏好关系的表达能力;然后,基于贝叶斯个性化排序优化框架对细粒度偏好关系进行建模,并结合成对交互张量分解对偏好值进行预测,构建细粒度的个性化标签推荐模型并提出优化算法。对比实验表明,提出的方法在保证较快收敛速度的前提下,有效地提高了个性化标签的推荐准确性。     

基于标签和协同过滤的个性化资源推荐

传统的协同过滤算法以用户评分体现用户兴趣偏好及资源相似度,忽视了用户、资源自身的特征,并且对稀疏数据和新资源的推荐质量明显下降。在Web2.0时代下,标签可被用户依个人偏好进行自由资源标注。因此,提出了基于标签和协同过滤的推荐算法。其基本思想是将标签作为体现用户兴趣偏好和资源特征的信息,依据用户、标签及资源的多维关系生成用户及资源的标签特征向量,并计算用户对资源的偏好程度和资源相似度,然后基于用户的历史行为预测用户对其他资源的偏好值,最后依据预测偏好值排序产生Top-N推荐结果。通过与传统的协同过滤算法的比较,验证了本算法能有效缓解数据的稀疏性,解决推荐的冷启动问题,提升推荐的准确性,获得更好的推荐效果。     

基于用户引力的协同过滤推荐算法

针对传统的基于用户的协同过滤推荐算法存在用户兴趣偏好模型过于粗糙和邻居集不够准确等问题,本文提出了一种新的协同过滤推荐算法,命名为基于用户间引力的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法认为用户使用的社会标签可以反映用户的喜好类型及喜好程度,利用社会标签构建用户喜好物体模型,并计算它们之间的万有引力,把万有引力的大小作为用户相似性的度量,在此基础上获得目标用户的邻居用户和评分预测,把获得预测评分高的若干项目推荐给用户。实验结果说明本文的算法可以获得较其它算法较优的推荐性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。