低压宽带电力线通信系统建模仿真分析

低压电力线通信技术是实现电网自动集抄的关键技术之一,但电力线作为信号传输通道有着复杂的传输特性和外在噪声干扰.为具体分析电力线信道特性对系统性能的影响,建立基于电力线通信标准中常用的正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)调制技术的通信系统模型.系统采用传输线理论计算电力信道的传输函数,同时利用米特尔顿A类噪声模型模拟信道噪声.重点分析了不同的信道噪声、网络拓扑结构、支路负载等因素对信道衰减和系统误比特率的影响.仿真结果表明了通信系统对于信道因素变化的敏感性,为将来低压宽带电力线通信系统设计提供了理论分析基础.     

电力线信道模型下OFDM通信系统的Simulink仿真研究

电力线通信技术是具有良好发展前景的一种宽带接入方式,但是噪声干扰严重,通信环境恶劣,正交频分复用是解决电力线通信问题的有效方法。文章运用Simulink建立了基于时间流的电力线通信信道模型和OFDM基带通信模型。通过对电力线信道模型下的采用OFDM的通信系统模型进行仿真验证,结果表明可以通过适当的编码和调制方式来提高系统的可靠性,并定性地分析了编码和误码率、调制方式和误码率之间的关系。     

基于图论生成树的低压电力线通信路由方法

电力线信道的阻抗特性、信号衰减特性及噪声特性导致电力线通信的可靠性成为制约其广泛应用的重要因素。分析了低压配电网的物理拓扑结构和逻辑拓扑结构,结合我国低压集中抄表系统应用的工程特点,提出了一种基于图论生成树的电力线通信自动路由方法。该方法能够有效地建立起电力线通信网络路由,并根据信道变化动态地维护路由,保证了电力线网络的可靠性。实验测试表明了该路由方法的有效性、可靠性和实用性。     

低压电力线路载波通信特性的仿真研究

低压电力线路作为信息传输的信道由于不需进行新的通信网络的投资与建没，因而越来越多地受到人们的关注，针对电力线路实际的电气参数，根据电力线理论以及实际电力线路的具体特性，建立了电力线理想等效电路和电力线载波通信的仿真电路模型，根据仿真电路模型利用PSpise仿真软件对电力线路实际的电气参数进行了离线仿真研究，通过仿真研究得出了电力线信道的各个电气参数是如何影响通信质量的，为今后设计实际低压电力线载波通信系统电路及选择电路的有关参数时提供了理论依据。     

面向可靠性的电力线通信OFDM系统资源分配算法

当前OFDM已经成为电力线通信的主流技术,但是由于国内的电力线信道普遍存在噪声特性极为恶劣、复杂多变,严重影响了通信质量。本文针对该问题,系统性地提出了一种面向可靠性的电力线通信OFDM系统资源分配算法;该算法能够根据信道噪声特性计算每个子载波实现可靠通信的功率值,在此基础上对OFDM的资源分配进行优化,在保证高通信可靠性的同时发挥OFDM的已有优势。本文结合PLC智能用电信息采集应用对所提的频带优化机制进行现场测试,测试结果验证了OFDM的频带优化算法的有效性。     

中压电力线的OFDM通信耦合与误码率分析

随着智能电网的高速发展,通信系统对传输效率、自动化及可靠性的要求越来越高,传统单载波系统和多载波系统已经不能满足。中压电力线宽带载波通信技术是解决配网自动化瓶颈问题的最佳通信方式,其高效、可靠的耦合技术满足通信需求。本文结合现场实际情况的测量和分析,通过对中压配电网信道特性及OFDM技术分析了10 kV中压电力线载波通信模型及其耦合特性。通过建立通信耦合系统模型分析了不同信噪比及误码率的关系曲线,实验结果表明采用OFDM调制技术能有效克服电力线信道传输的频率选择衰落特性,并增强系统的抗多径干扰的性能。     

中低压电力线互联通信中的信道均衡技术研究

针对10 kV中压电力线与220 V低压电力线信道互联通信时,由于二者信道特性存在差异,导致通信性能下降这一实际问题,提出了一种中低压电力信道互联实时均衡算法。算法基于SIFT快速傅里叶变换实时估计信道接收频谱,然后根据信道的慢时变特性,利用当前信道频谱特性结合前一时刻信道特性,估计出当前的信道均衡值,构成了一个闭环反馈环节。该算法实时性高,信道均衡性能良好,仿真实验证明,该算法有效提高了中低压电力线信道互联通信的性能。     

电力线载波远程抄表通信技术的研究

本文提出基于低压电力线远程抄表方案,给出了电力线信道模型,建立低压电力线载波OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Muhiplexing)通信系统.用自适应OFDM调制方式代替传统的固定调制方式,从而提高传输效率;仿真结果表明:自适应OFDM调制方式提高了OFDM系统整体误比特率性能和信道频谱利用率.     

基于功率谱收敛的低压电力载波信道中的噪声检测与建模

在低压电力线载波信道中,复杂的噪声特性是阻碍低电压电力线载波通信广泛应用的主要原因之一,因此,准确的噪声模型对于设计和优化电力线通信系统具有重要意义;为了得到更加准确的噪声模型,给出一种等效背景噪声和功率谱收敛算法;通过对多组拟合参数的求解,并以归一化理论和噪声特性为基础,实现功率谱收敛算法对准确噪声模型的搭建;通过低压电力线信道噪声分析,得出功率谱收敛算法能够收敛,功率谱收敛值0.535%,表明噪声模型可以准确地反映实际噪声特性,验证了功率谱收敛算法在噪声模型中应用的可行性。     

考虑低压噪声馈送的中压电力线噪声特性研究

噪声干扰严重影响电力线通信的可靠性。通过对电力线信道噪声、配电变压器高频传输特性和端口阻抗特性的测量,分析了电力线信道噪声特性,第一次提出考虑低压侧通过配电变压器向中压线路馈送的噪声,并对配电变压器的高频特性进行了分析和建模。通过对实测数据和Matlab仿真结果的比较,验证了所建模型的正确性。根据变压器的高频传输特性,提出了在低压侧抑制噪声的方法,有助于改善中压电力线信道的噪声环境。     

APSK调制在基于OFDM可见光通信系统中的性能分析

在基于正交频分复用(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)的可见光通信(Visible light communication, VLC)系统中,发光二极管(Light emitting diode,LED)的非线性特性是影响系统性能的一个重要因素。为了减小LED非线性的影响,将幅度-相移联合键控(Amplitude-phase shift keying, APSK)调制与OFDM技术相结合的传输方式引入可见光通信系统中。本文介绍了APSK调制的原理及其在基于OFDM调制的可见光通信系统中的应用,建立了基于APSK-OFDM调制的可见光通信系统模型,并与常用的基于正交幅度调制（Quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM）的OFDM系统性能进行了对比。仿真结果表明,在OFDM系统中,如果信道是理想的,QAM调制的性能要比APSK调制的性能好;但当考虑到LED的非线性特性时,后者的性能要明显优于前者。     

A hybrid power line and visible light communication system for indoor hospital applications

Modern hospitals are beginning to adopt E-HEALTH as efficient complements to the traditional healthcare services. To support the E-HEALTH services, a locatable, radiation-free and high-capacity communication system is urgently needed in hospitals. Power line communication (PLC) systems can use the ubiquitous power line network to power the light-emitting diode (LED) lamps while serving as the backbone network for the indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems naturally. In this article, a hybrid broadband power line and visible light communication system with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation is proposed for the indoor hospital applications, which gives a brand-new solution to replace the conventional wireless communication systems in hospitals. A general-purpose system model is provided and some basic techniques to enhance system performance are also investigated. Moreover, a feasible demonstration which supports over 48 Mbps data rate within a bandwidth of 8 MHz is implemented in the laboratory.     

WFRFT认知通信系统控制参数联合优化方法研究

针对WFRFT系统难以适应复杂电磁环境及最优控制参数难以选取的问题,提出一种新型WFRFT认知通信系统构建方法。在传统WFRFT通信系统的基础上引入信号认知模块,完成电磁信号的采集及电磁环境中目标信号调制特征的识别。根据WFRFT信号调制特征裂变的特性,分析控制参数间的耦合作用机理,并设定优化控制参数的目标。将目标信号调制特征参数引入到WFRFT控制参数优化模型中,提出基于目标特征的WFRFT认知通信系统控制参数联合优化方法,并通过粒子群算法的迭代计算,选取最优控制参数集,针对最优参数的WFRFT认知通信系统,分别仿真计算高斯、莱斯、瑞利等典型信道条件下的误码率性能。实验结果表明,该方法可伪装信号调制特征,能有效提高通信信号的安全性,且在典型信道条件下的误码率性能较好,具有较好的抗干扰能力。     

Transmitting scalable video coding using VLC with color and dimming control to assure QoS

Recently, light emitting diode (LED) technology has been the focus of the information technology and green technology industries.The visible light communication (VLC) system uses LED technology for simultaneous illumination and data transmission. Therefore, the VLC system provides illumination to the user, which can provide both high quality multimedia services and various application services. The main concerns of VLC systems are illumination and bit error rate (BER) performance. Consequently, it is necessary to analyze the illumination control and method of transmitting multimedia data in the VLC system. In this paper, we propose a method to effectively transmit and Red, Green, Blue (RGB) three-color LED to video signal while providing dimming and color control from the VLC system. In the VLC system, LEDs can generate various colors of light by controlling the mixing ratio of each individual RGB color element. Thus, each RGB channel will have a different signal power, and each channel will have different performance. Therefore, we present a novel resource allocation using the RGB channel state information to allocate the multi-layers of video in the VLC system. The conventional system allocates the fixed channel to a scalable video coding (SVC) signal. However, the proposed system allocates a high priority to the SVC signal channel.As a result of computer simulation tests, the proposed system can improve the BER performance compared to the conventional system.     

基于Kolmogorov熵的低压电力线信道特性分析*

将Kolmogorov熵引入低压电力线信道特性的研究。通过计算不同条件下测得的电力线时间序列的Kolmogorov熵值,分析研究信道的混沌特征。主要结果有Kolmogorov熵值与电力网络的运行工况(地点、时间、负荷)呈正相关性,恒大于零,且趋于某一饱和值;同时,Kolmogorov熵受数据测量电路的通频带、采样间隔等参数影响。据此可推得如下结论：低压电力线信道具有混沌特征,短时可预测;Kolmogorov熵可作为描述低压电力线信道模型、估计信道特性的参数之一。     

An efficient impulsive noise cancellation scheme for power-line communication systems using ANFIS and chaotic interleaver

Impulsive noise is one of the main disturbances that damage the data transmission over power-line communication (PLC) systems. This paper presents an adaptive noise cancellation approach based on the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a chaotic interleaver, namely ANC-CI-ANFIS scheme for impulsive noise estimation and suppression from the OFDM PLC channel. The ANFIS is based on a hybrid learning algorithm to identify parameters of Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system. Accordingly, fuzzy membership function parameters are trained using a combination of both least-square and back propagation gradient descent algorithms to emulate a given training data set. Furthermore, transmitted data are managed with a chaotic interleaver to secure data transmission and give more robustness against impulsive bursts. Simulation results are carried out on an OFDM PLC transmission chain compatible with the HomePlug AV standard under different impulsive noise scenarios. The results demonstrated the scheme's ability to detect and remove the impulsive noise from the PLC channel while keeping a high security level by using the chaotic interleaver. The major advantage of this system is its ease of implementation and faster convergence rate.     

基于几何随机的无人机空地信道模型

针对传统无人机空地信道模型不支持三维飞行轨迹和三维天线的问题，通过引入空间旋转矩阵和轨迹参数，提出了一种基于几何随机的无人机空地三维信道改进模型。该模型结合无人机对地通信场景的特殊性，利用时变布尔变量描述视距路径、地面反射径和散射路径的动态生灭过程。同时，文中还给出了二维角度、时延和功率等模型参数的时间演进算法，用于复现无人机对地信道的时变统计特性。数值仿真结果表明，改进模型输出的空时相关特性和多普勒功率谱均与理论值吻合，并且自相关特性与实际测量结果基本一致，该模型可应用于辅助无人机空地无线通信设备的方案优化、算法验证和性能评估等领域。     

Communication-Aware Formation Control of AUVs With Model Uncertainty and Fading Channel via Integral Reinforcement Learning

Most formation approaches of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) focus on the control techniques, ignoring the influence of underwater channel. This paper is concerned with a communication-aware formation issue for AUVs, subject to model uncertainty and fading channel. An integral reinforcement learning (IRL) based estimator is designed to calculate the probabilistic channel parameters, wherein the multivariate probabilistic collocation method with orthogonal fractional factorial design (M-PCM-OFFD) is employed to evaluate the uncertain channel measurements. With the estimated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we employ the IRL and M-PCM-OFFD to develop a saturated formation controller for AUVs, dealing with uncertain dynamics and current parameters. For the proposed formation approach, an integrated optimization solution is presented to make a balance between formation stability and communication efficiency. Main innovations lie in three aspects: 1) Construct an integrated communication and control optimization framework; 2) Design an IRL-based channel prediction estimator; 3) Develop an IRL-based formation controller with M-PCM-OFFD. Finally, simulation results show that the formation approach can avoid local optimum estimation, improve the channel efficiency, and relax the dependence of AUV model parameters.      

Semiotics of virtual reality as a communication process

ABSTRACT

The experience of immersive virtual reality (VR) can be considered as a communication process between human beings, mediated by computer systems, which uses visualisation and other sensory stimulation. In this paper, we analyse how VR characteristics can be explored using semiotic theory and, with methods of generative semiotics, we explore aspects of narrative and interaction in VR. We propose a semiotic analysis of VR communication focusing on syntax, semantics and pragmatics and considering also some principles of generative semiotics. The syntactic level is analysed as determined by the characteristics of the visual communication adopted. The semantic of VR is related to the functional model chosen to realise the virtual system. The pragmatic of VR is based on the human–computer interaction that changes the user's role. We explore how these aspects can be characterised in the context of VR communication design and what principles can be adopted for a VR application, and we present an analysis and a classification of the iconic signs that are being used in VR. Moreover, we present a framework that can be used to classify and describe different kinds of virtual reality systems and to better understand communication in VR, and we use it to classify eight popular systems for e-learning and collaboration.     

An analytical model for end-to-end communication channel over PLCN based on QBDs

The performance analysis of packet loss in end-to-end communication channel is the basis of adaptive end-to-end protocol design. However, existing analytical models of packet loss cannot provide quantitative information of lossy channel systems. In this paper, an analysis on balance state of end-to-end communication channel over probabilistic lossy communication networks (PLCN) is performed firstly. We then discuss the process of modeling end-to-end communication channel over PLCN using Quasi Birth–Death models (QBDs) in detail. Finally, some characteristics of end-to-end communication channel, such as the stability of channel and the performance of channel packet loss, are analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed model can analyze quantitatively the stability of end-to-end communication channel and the packet loss probability during time interval [0,t]. The results in the work are helpful for designing adaptive end-to-end communication protocols.