基于网络的产品设计系统

在分析了企业产品设计的现实需求的基础上 ,指出基于网络的产品设计系统是敏捷制造企业联盟的重要组成部分 ,是企业开展创新产品设计、降低成本、实施并行工程的现代产品设计手段 .并对基于互联网和统一产品数据模型的产品设计系统进行了可行性分析、系统结构分析以及系统实现关键技术分析 .     

Axiomatic modelling of agile production system design

The manufacturing organisations are witnessing a transformation in the manufacturing paradigm due to increasing competition. Agile manufacturing (AM) is a contemporary manufacturing paradigm which enables the organisations to survive in this competitive scenario. Design engineering is a vital technological enabler of AM. The research on axiomatic design in the field of AM is found to be feeble. In this context, this paper reports an axiomatic model of agile production system design using process variables. A hierarchical structure has been developed to model the design process of an agile production system composed of functional requirements, design parameters and process variables. In the theory of axiomatic design, process variables are created by mapping the design parameters in the process domain. This article serves as an efficient guideline for the design process to clarify the tools, methods and resources of designing agile production system of Indian electronic switches manufacturing organisation.     

A mathematical model to evaluate the role of agility enablers and criteria in a manufacturing environment

Modern manufacturing arena necessitates the need for responsiveness by practicing agile manufacturing (AM) principles. AM imposes the transformation of the manufacturing organisation so as to respond to dynamic market changes. This article focuses towards the application of graph theory (GT) for conceptual modelling the agile system and to compute the dependencies among the individual agile enabler, criteria and attributes as a top-down approach. Using GT approach, digraphs were systematically constructed for agile enablers and variable permanent matrix values were computed for different scenarios and the relative importance of agility enablers were determined. The permanent values of ‘Management responsibility’ enabler and technology enabler are found to be 920 (minimum) and 3529?×?10¹⁴, respectively for the existing situation, whereas for the practically base case situation, it was found to be 1185 (minimum) and 5081.17?×?10¹⁴ (maximum), respectively. The Comprehensive Agility Index was found to be 1.3996?×?10⁴⁵, which can be even used to benchmark with other best-in-class agile organisations.     

Advanced machine service support using Internet-enabled three-dimensional-based virtual engineering

In the era of globalization, one of the key factors for manufacturing machine builders/suppliers to remain competitive is their capability to provide cost-effective and comprehensive machine service and maintenance for their clients at anytime, anywhere. Previous research has highlighted the role of virtual engineering tools in the design and development life cycle of manufacturing machinery systems. Virtual engineering models created during the development phase can potentially be used to provide valuable functions for many other tasks during the operational phase, including service and maintenance support. This paper introduces an innovative Internet-enabled three-dimensional-based virtual engineering framework that can be used for such purposes. Specifically, it addresses a system architecture that is designed to facilitate the tight integration between virtual engineering tools and a set of Internet-based reconfigurable modular maintenance supporting tools. This system architecture has been verified by implementations using different toolsets atop of various Internet technologies (e.g. XML Web services and LabView's Datasocket). Implementation details and successful industrial-based test cases are also provided in this paper.     

复杂系统（产品）集成制造工程的技术研究与应用

基于现代集成制造的理念、方法、技术、工具,结合实践,提出并研究了一种能改善复杂产品研发时间（T）、质量（Q）、成本（C）、服务（S）的系统工程——称为“复杂系统（产品）集成制造工程”（简称COSIME）。阐述了它的内涵、系统框架和技术体系,并给出了其中具有特点的6类关键技术的阶段研究成果,包括基于人制管理及有关先进制造模式的复杂产品集成制造系统的经营管理模式;基于项目管理理念的异地企业间并行工程方法与技术;复杂产品虚拟样机工程方法与技术;基于分布仿真技术的复杂产品概念设计与性能评估系统;复杂产品质量控制与     

Supervisory control and data acquisition for virtual enterprise

The new manufacturing paradigms, such as agile manufacture and lean production, are leading industrial countries towards the new generation of concurrent enterprises involving virtual enterprise architecture and concurrent engineering extended methodology. Continuing adaptation to the market can only be achieved efficiently if the planning and control processes are both optimized horizontally (Automatic Control Systems) and vertically (Management Control Systems). The desired improvement in performance and the realization of global enterprise objectives require a tight integration of the units of the enterprise. The close monitoring of the operational performance of various plants, manufacturing shop-floors/cells/machines, as well as their associated instrumentation and control is of increasing strategic importance. Failures can lead to increased costs and reduced product quality, consistency and production, and to plant shutdowns and increased environmental impact. There is a real need for advanced monitoring technologies to be applied, and their potential demonstrated, on complex industrial plants. The planning and scheduling of manufacturing systems integrated into virtual enterprise architectures requires the implementation of new General Master Production Planning and Scheduling techniques and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) functions. This paper discusses some key issues on the SCADA-oriented open system for virtual enterprise architecture.     

生产方式的发展演变历程

回顾了生产方式的发展历程，分析了先进生产模式如计算机集成制造，并行工程，精益生产，敏捷制造等本质特征及发展趋势。     

Application of fuzzy analytic network process for agile concept selection in a manufacturing organisation

Twenty-first century manufacturing organisations are capable of satisfying the varied requirements of modern customers called agile manufacturing (AM). AM enables an organisation to produce a variety of products within a short period of time in a cost-effective manner. Few researchers have brought out models for enabling organisations to improve their agility level. Total agile design system (TADS) is a model that is analogous to the technology integrated agile product development cycle. Concept selection is an important phase of TADS which is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Selection of the best concept from agile perspective gains vital importance. Analytical network process (ANP) is a holistic approach that considers interactions and dependencies of various attributes and alternatives in a hierarchical framework used in MCDM problems. The concepts of fuzzy logic have been integrated with ANP in order to overcome the vagueness and uncertainty associated with opinions of the decision makers. Fuzzy ANP has been used to enable the selection of best concept. The case study has been carried out in an Indian traditional manufacturing organisation. The results of the validation indicate that fuzzy ANP is an effective approach for selecting best concept thereby improving agility of product development process.     

Information supported design for manufacture of injection-moulded rotational products

Whilst the concurrent engineering philosophy has been embraced by a wide range of engineering companies as a means to remaining competitive, the design software tools which are commercially available are limited in their ability to offer concurrent support. This paper describes research which has investigated how design for manufacture information can be provided back to designers as concurrently as possible. The paper, using injection moulding as its focus, illustrates how a design for manufacture environment can be structured to utilize company product and manufacturing information. In particular, the need for appropriate information translation mechanisms and design support strategies is described. An example, highlighting the potential of the approach and utilizing an experimental object-oriented system, is discussed.     

A comparative study of lean and agile manufacturing with a related survey of current practices in the UK

In response to changing success factors and environmental pressures, companies are aspiring to break out of mass production and become lean or agile. Whereas performance enhancements of lean practices have been demonstrated, it is now the case that markets have become increasingly characterized by turbulence, a situation in which reliance on lean practices is insufficient, and that survival requires adoption of agile practices. As a result, a comparative study of lean and agile manufacturing with a related survey of current practices in the UK was carried out, the results of which is presented in this paper. The paper explored the threats to lean and the drivers of agile manufacturing. Using data from a questionnaire survey, four hypotheses were tested, which was indicative of the benefits of agile manufacturing. In contrast to their lean counterparts, agile companies paid attention to a wider range of competitive capabilities. They therefore had a lower range of mean scores on competitive capabilities. Independent sample tests of significant difference in business performance measures revealed that the agile companies consistently outperformed their lean competitors on all business performance measures studied. In addition, a wider range of competitive capabilities and performance measures of the agile companies correlated significantly and positively whilst such correlation was observed for only a narrow range of capabilities and performance measures for lean companies. The results suggest that competing simultaneously on multiple competitive capabilities enhance performance better than a rather narrow focus on cost and quality.     

System for enhancing supply chain agility through exception handling

With the emergence of a new business era characterized by continuous and unpredictable changes and tough global competition, an agile supply chain has been recognized as a competitive strategy for companies to survive and prosper. Co-OPERATE, an on-going IST project, is aimed at developing concepts and tools for coordination of production planning and control activities in the complex and distributed supply network, and is targeted in the automotive supply and the semiconductor industries. Since the work reported here is based on the project, a framework for manufacturing coordination in the distributed supply network is proposed for the project. As an important part of the project, exception handling is further described. First, through boundary investigation, the scope of this business solution is clarified. Second, a methodology is developed to help understand the mechanism behind the exception handling process. Third, guiding design principles are described to direct the detailed business process design. Finally, rush-order handling is chosen as part of the concept prototype for implementation and evaluation. Extensive feedback from industrial business partners has been collected and taken into account for further implementation.     

并行工程环境下成形铸件制造工艺CAD／CAE系统

并行工程在发展中提出了合理产品设计／工艺设计新概念，在此基础上我们研究开发了一个以传热，热流及应力模拟为核心的铸件制造工艺ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＥ集成系统，系统既可独立运行，又可与并行环境下的产品集成起来，达到同时优化产品设计及工艺设计的目的。目前该系统在多家工厂得到应用，并逐步商品化。     

虚拟现实技术在产品改良设计中的应用

通过对在并行工程管理模式下的产品改良设计流程的分析和对虚拟现实技术的特征及虚拟现实系统的分析,可以将虚拟现实技术引入到以并行工程为管理模式的产品改良设计开发的整个流程中,使产品生产周期得到缩短,从而提高产品质量,降低生产成本.     

Reliability Engineering Practice in the Light Duty Dodge Ram Truck Chassis Program

In this paper, we demonstrate how we set up and executed an integrated reliability engineering process with the engineering team in the Light Duty (LD) Dodge Ram (DR) Truck chassis program. Organizationally, the LD DR chassis team consists of core engineering groups and supporting representatives from other related disciplines. The reliability engineer is a member of the team and he is the reliability advocate and leader. The integrated reliability engineering process was customized and implemented in the LD DR chassis program. Many of the tools developed by the company corporate quality office, such as design failure modes and effect analysis (DFMEA), design verification plan and reporting (DVP&R), and finite element analysis (FEA), were used in supporting the reliability engineering process. An array of technical enablers such as Test Matrix and ReliUp were also developed for supporting the implementation of the reliability engineering process. In the execution, the reliability engineer led the engineering team to set up reliability targets, develop reliability work plans, facilitate up‐front design analysis, review and integrate reliability test planning. The reliability engineer also set up the failure reporting, analysis and corrective action system (FRACAS) and managed reliability growth with the team. From the implementation, we have learned several things: (1) an integrated engineering team is crucial in order to develop a product better, quicker and cheaper; (2) a good team leader is the key to product reliability; (3) a capable reliability engineer is the catalyst to a reliability engineering process; (4) the best culture in which to achieve reliability is the delicate balance between ‘inside‐out’ and ‘outside‐in’; and (5) achieving reliability is far more important than measuring reliability. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用成组技术实现制造敏捷化、分散化、网络化

本文分析了敏捷化、分散化、网络化制造与应用成组技术之间的关系，提出了应用成组技术实现敏捷化、分散化、网络化制造的方法，探讨了我国制造企业基于成组技术的敏捷生产组织构建方法以及敏捷制造单元的成组与重构技术，为我国中小企业特别是离散型制造企业实现敏捷化、分散化、网络化制造作了有益探索。     

Towards the derivation of an integrated process cost-modelling technique for complex manufacturing systems

Cost modelling is used to support business decisions, especially, when the objective is to remain competitive on price and be able to realise outputs at low cost. Many researchers and industrialists have proposed and experimented with different cost-modelling techniques with a view to influencing design and production decisions at an early stage of the development process. This has led to cost-modelling methods which have been broadly classified in this paper as qualitative and quantitative. The paper identifies current best practice cost-modelling techniques and their performance in complex and dynamic manufacturing environments. The review served as a platform to support the recommendation for an integrated cost-modelling methodology. The integrated methodology is based on the strengths of cost engineering, enterprise modelling, system dynamics and discrete event simulation modelling techniques. The method can help in the redesign and re-engineering of products and processes for better cost and value indications; support investment decision analysis; help determine appropriate business and manufacturing paradigms; influence ‘make, buy or outsourcing’ decisions and serve as a key process improvement tool.     

包装设计虚拟制造技术的应用探析

虚拟设计结合虚拟制造技术应用在包装设计中不仅可以让设计和制造高度集成,推动生产力的提升,还可以降低生产风险和成本,改进生产、节约资源。当前,可通过精益生产、并行工程、敏捷制造和绿色设计及制造等方式来进行包装设计的虚拟制造。     

Agile manufacturing research: accomplishments and opportunities

Agile manufacturing is a new expression that is used to represent the ability of a producer of goods and services to thrive in the face of continuous change. These changes can occur in markets, in technologies, in business relationships and in all facets of the business enterprise. This paper discusses the genesis of several of the Agile Manufacturing Research Institutes (AMRIs) and their on-going activities and results to date. A vision for agile manufacturing research is articulated and initial accomplishments identified. Additional research needs are also discussed.     

GT应在现代制造系统中焕发青春

就成组技术 (GT)与现代制造系统中的相关技术如 :制造系统信息化、模块化产品设计和创新、单元化制造系统与可重构制造系统、并行工程、精益生产、大规模定制生产等方面的关系和作用进行了分析和讨论     

Systemic criterion of sustainability in agile manufacturing

Agile manufacturing systems work in a constantly changing global market, particularly assembly systems at the last stage of product differentiation. Meanwhile, sustainability is becoming a key issue for manufacturing strategy. This paper formulates a systemic criterion of sustainability in agile manufacturing and computes it through flexibility and complexity. It is defined as a ratio of utility and entropy as a sustainability measurement. Under a unified framework, utility allows one to quantify the contributions to agility, in particular system flexibility. Complexity is measured by entropy. Thus, an original complementary role of flexibility and the complexity of the system are proposed. Developed from the distribution of system states, the systemic approach to sustainability in terms of output evolution is enriched. Based on a simple assembly line integer model simulation, a first quantitative analysis illustrates the concepts introduced.