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1.
Demand and lead time uncertainties have significant effects on supply chain behaviour. In this paper, we present a single-product three-level multi-period supply chain with uncertain demands and lead times by using robust techniques to study the managerial insights of the supply chain inventory system under uncertainty. We formulate this problem as a robust mixed-integer linear program with minimised expected cost and total cost variation to determine the optimal (s, S) values of the inventory parameters. Several numerical studies are performed to investigate the supply chain behaviour. Useful guidelines for the design of a robust supply chain are also provided. Results show that the order variance and the expected cost in a supply chain significantly increase when the manufacturer’s review period is an integer ratio of the distributor’s and the retailer’s review periods.  相似文献   

2.
在供应商给下游零售商提供多级销售目标返利合同的背景下, 构建由资金充足供应商和资金约束零售商组成的二级供应链, 探究零售商面对随机需求和两等级销售返利时的库存与融资决策. 研究发现: 销售目标在一定范围内时, 销售返利会激励零售商增加订货量且会促使资金不足的零售商融资补货达到目标库存; 过大的销售目标会降低零售商的订货量, 此时零售商资金过剩但是不订货. 数值分析表明, 相较于线性返利模式, 销售目标返利能够提高供应链利润. 存在零售商刚好订货至销售目标阈值的“跟订区域”, 该区域可以实现供应链双方利润的帕累托改进, 零售商的库存决策不受自有资金的影响. 供应商应通过销售目标返利激励零售商订货以实现长期合作, 且可根据零售商订货量来反向识别其资金实际状况.  相似文献   

3.
由于闭环供应链网络在环境法规、客户压力等方面都受到关注,故供应商选择在供应链管理中更具挑战性,本文所提闭环供应链网络模型可解决上述问题.其中,供应商会提供数量折扣以激励买家购买更多的产品.模型的目标函数是将经济成本与碳排放量降至最低,最大限度提升客户满意度等参数,并确定出最佳的供应商、采购量、运输方式、技术类型、碳排放...  相似文献   

4.
5.
    
This paper considers a two-stage supply chain, consisting of a single warehouse and multiple retailers facing deterministic demands, under a vendor-managed inventory (VMI) policy. It presents a two-phase optimisation approach for coordinating the shipments in this VMI system. The first phase uses direct shipping from the supplier to all retailers to minimise the overall inventory costs. Then, in the second phase, the retailers are clustered using a construction heuristic in order to optimise the transportation costs while satisfying some additional restrictions. The improvement of the system's performance through coordinated VMI replenishments against the system with direct shipping only is shown and discussed in the comparative analysis section.  相似文献   

6.
考虑由一个供应商和一个零售商构成的二级供应链系统,在线性时变需求、产品的零售价格与其存储时间有关、货栈容量有限且不允许缺货的情形下,研究了供应商如何利用全数量折扣计划来激励零售商合作从而实现自身利润最大化和供应链系统完美协调的问题。从理论上证明和分析了模型最优解的存在性,同时提供了求解最优解的简单方法,并通过算例对上述结论进行佐证。  相似文献   

7.
Using a vertically related multilayer newsvendors framework, this paper analyzes the impacts of market uncertainties and asymmetric information between firms at successive stages of a supply chain on their optimal stocking (and/or pricing) decisions. The asymmetric information along the supply chain effectively transmits the downstream uncertainty backward to the preceding stages of the supply chain. Our results imply that for industries in which there are lead times and asymmetric information in multiple successive stages along the supply chain, it is essentially important for the upstream firms to study the market conditions facing the vertically related downstream firms, and it is important for them to design incentive‐compatible mechanisms to facilitate efficient information sharing among vertically related entities. In these industries, the entities might also have stronger incentives to invest in lead time reduction and in information acquisition, if such options exist. Our framework offers a good starting point for a more comprehensive study in the future on the interactions among and the impact of differential lead times across successive stages in supply chains.  相似文献   

8.
针对不确定环境下的闭环供应链网络优化问题,在需求不确定及设施中断风险的条件下,基于鲁棒对等优化方法建立了一种以闭环供应链网络总成本最小为目标的鲁棒优化模型,以解决供应链网络中的不确定性问题,并提出了Prim-DMGA。首先基于Prim算法得到高质量的初始种群,其次让路径规划方案和设施选址方案在两层自适应GA的不断反馈中达到最优。实验结果表明,Prim-DMGA得到的目标函数值优于单层Prim-MGA与传统GA,且在求解大规模算例时,求解结果优于CPLEX软件。研究结论表明,Prim-DMGA能以较少的计算时间获得质量更优的解,鲁棒优化模型可以有效减少不确定因素带来的不利影响,提高闭环供应链网络的鲁棒性能。  相似文献   

9.
对供应链计划建立了考虑不确定性的战略层模型和运作层模型。以一啤酒厂进行了实例研究,对所建模型和确定性的供应链计划模型进行了比较,并对柔性参数进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明,该模型能帮助设计具有柔性的供应链系统,通过灵敏度分析,可以更好地理解供应链的特性。  相似文献   

10.
Researchers, practitioners and enterprise software providers are realising the potential of agent-based technology to automate supply chain procurement to achieve consistent, traceable decision making. As the complexity of supply chains grow, these systems will gain more attention. In this paper, we model and simulate a complex autonomous supply chain managed by computational agents that aim to minimise lead time and maximise revenue through evolutionary multi-objective optimisation. The agents are in a competitive environment where they take on the roles of both client and producer. In addition to optimising their production strategy, they also have the opportunity to dynamically fine-tune their decision parameters when it comes to selecting their own suppliers, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. It is observed that computational agents are capable of functioning in such complex environments, effectively converging to policies in synergy with their market. Multi-objective, multi-role optimisation results in better overall supply chain performance than tests where agents have single-objectives and single-roles. Our study forms an exploratory step towards more realistic agent-based supply chains where analytical methods are unavailable.  相似文献   

11.
刘浪  史文强  石岩 《控制与决策》2016,31(12):2200-2210
针对零售商为损失厌恶者的二级供应链, 考虑突发事件导致商品市场需求和市场价格均随机波动, 分别构建应急数量弹性契约的集中和分散决策模型, 得出突发事件下供应链系统实现协调的最优决策, 并探讨契约弹性幅度、批发价和损失厌恶程度的变化对于零售商最优订货策略和供应链上各成员利润的影响. 研究结果表明, 在合理的区间范围内调整契约弹性幅度和批发价均能使得突发事件下的供应链协调发展. 最后通过算例验证了所得结论的正确性.  相似文献   

12.
    
Demand forecasting is one of the main causes of the bullwhip effect in a supply chain. As a countermeasure for demand uncertainty as well as a risk-sharing mechanism for demand forecasting in a supply chain, this article studies a bilateral contract with order quantity flexibility. Under the contract, the buyer places orders in advance for the predetermined horizons and makes minimum purchase commitments. The supplier, in return, provides the buyer with the flexibility to adjust the order quantities later, according to the most updated demand information. To conduct comparative simulations, four-echelon supply chain models, that employ the contracts and different forecasting techniques under dynamic market demands, are developed. The simulation outcomes show that demand fluctuation can be effectively absorbed by the contract scheme, which enables better inventory management and customer service. Furthermore, it has been verified that the contract scheme under study plays a role as an effective coordination mechanism in a decentralised supply chain.  相似文献   

13.
研究由风险中性供应商和具有损失厌恶偏好零售商组成的供应链在弹性数量契约条件下的协调问题.揭示了契约参数和零售商损失厌恶特性对零售商最优订货量的影响,发现调整弹性度这一契约参数可使供应链得到协调;同时,当弹性度满足一定条件时,调整批发价格也可实现供应链协调.最后通过数值分析,验证了弹性数量契约在协调供应链中的有效性,并探讨了其中原因.  相似文献   

14.
随着酒店市场竞争的日趋激烈,酒店为了提高入住率,纷纷与第三方推广商开展合作.酒店如何通过与推广商合作来提高利润率成为酒店业重点关注的话题.本文分析市场上存在一个占主导地位的酒店以及和酒店合作的两家推广商,利用博弈论构建了酒店和推广商的利润函数模型.为此,首先分析了分散决策下博弈三方的最优策略,进而分析了集中决策下三方的最优策略,并刻画了影响酒店和推广商最优策略的影响因素.并进一步提出了能实现整体最优并能实现双方Pareto改善的协调契约.本文的研究发现以下现象:1)酒店的价格增加,两推广商的利润均有提升;2)当推广商间的竞争激烈程度增大时,推广商会压低利润水平并提升推广力度.从而,酒店的利润会不断提升,并且供应链的协调程度也在不断增加.数值例子也验证了所设计的协调契约对整体协调的有效性.  相似文献   

15.
针对一个供应商和两个零售商所组成的两级供应链模型,研究产出不确定环境下的最优定价和投入决策问题.在常规情形中,供应商首先在产出不确定环境下确定投入量,并在实际产出确定之后确定批发价,而零售商最终确定订购量.在此基础上,讨论供应商向零售商提供供货承诺时的竞争模型.运用逆向归纳法讨论以上决策模型的均衡解.数值分析表明,供货承诺在一定的条件下能够优化供应链的性能.  相似文献   

16.
研究一个由制造商和零售商在模糊需求环境下的两级闭环供应链的协调机制问题。将市场需求视为模糊变量,建立模糊截集理论下的集中决策模型和收益-费用共享契约模型,给出模型中的最优策略,并以三角形模糊变量为例,对模型进行优化。通过数值算例对模型中的参数进行求解,并对分析结论进行验证。研究结果表明,在模糊需求环境下的闭环供应链中,零售商的最优订购量在模糊需求中心点的左、右浮动,并随着零售价格的提高而增加,通过改变收益-费用系数可以实现供应链成员之间的完美协调。  相似文献   

17.
陈建新  周永务 《控制与决策》2015,30(7):1257-1263
基于见货回购贸易合同,以单阶段两层供应链系统为研究背景,在随机市场需求假设下,通过建立经销商和核心企业的期望利润模型,得到经销商的最优订货量和核心企业的最优批发价格;通过讨论可得到最优订货量随经销商初始资金、最优批发价的增加而减少,随商品余值的增加而增加的结论。对比分析了经销商无融资服务与选取不同融资服务—–见货回购融资服务、延期支付融资服务时最优订货量间的关系。最后,通过数值例子对理论结果进行仿真,验证了所建立模型的有效性。  相似文献   

18.
    
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the free‐trade agreement between Canada, Mexico and the United States, has caused North American companies to consider inclusion of Mexico in their supply chain. The lower Mexican wages may offset the additional transportation costs; capital‐intensive operations are preferably still done in the United States or Canada. With a consumer base focused in the United States, can an organisation leverage the benefits of NAFTA to their individual advantage? This paper aims to show how, through a real‐world example, overall supply chain costs (total system costs of inventory, transportation and facilities) can be minimised under those circumstances. We formulate and solve a mixed‐integer programming model to find the optimal supply chain for Tectrol Inc., a manufacturer of power supplies. In the first case, components produced in Canada undergo final assembly in the United States, followed by distribution there. The second case is a ‘NAFTA’ supply chain: the Canadian components are converted to sub‐assemblies in Mexico, processed in finishing plants across the US border, then shipped through distribution centres to the final customer. Model solutions indicate in each instance where to locate finishing plants and distribution centres, and how many of each there should be. Results provide Tectrol (hence other manufacturers) some general guidelines on distribution and supply chain decisions in the NAFTA context.  相似文献   

19.
熊浩 《计算机应用》2012,32(9):2631-2633
针对供应链多级库存系统存在混合需求的情况,建立了基于混合需求的多级库存协同订货模型。该模型假设在供应链中只有最下游节点面临的需求是独立需求,而其他上游节点面临的需求都是与之相关的相关需求。由于相关需求是一种块状需求,其库存成本构成与独立需求明显不同。因此,通过对多级库存系统的库存成本构成进行重新分析,分别给出了需求确定时不允许缺货和允许缺货的协同订货模型。另外,还通过对安全库存的分析给出了需求不确定时的协同订货模型。最后,给出了模型求解的遗传算法,并进行了实例仿真分析,展示了这种协同订货模型在混合需求的供应链中的实用性。  相似文献   

20.
在不确定需求环境下,研究由原材料供应商、制造商和客户组成的三级供应链中,具有固定比例生产系统的制造商多周期生产与库存计划问题.采用区间不确定集描述市场需求不确定性,并利用联合机会约束刻画制造商的服务水平要求,在线性决策规则下建立带有联合机会约束的固定比例生产系统生产与库存仿射可调节鲁棒优化模型.进一步,将所建模型等价转换为易于求解的线性规划问题.考虑到不确定扰动系数在模型鲁棒性与解的保守性之间的调节作用,给出能够有效提高具有固定比例生产系统的制造商利润并同时满足预设服务水平的不确定扰动系数优化算法.数值算例表明,基于所提出模型获得的运作方案能够有效应对供需平衡程度的变化,并且能以较高利润满足预设服务水平要求.  相似文献   

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