齿轮仿生织构特征设计及有限元分析

为降低齿轮啮合界面摩擦,提升齿轮传动性能及寿命,基于仿生摩擦学和有限元仿真技术,通过研究齿面织构特征对齿面应力的影响规律,合理设计了齿面织构特征参数,包括仿生织构的形状、尺寸、密度、分布形式等。仿真结果表明:仿生沟槽宽度对齿面应力影响较大,沟槽深度、沟槽间距及沟槽与齿顶距离对齿面应力影响较小;沟槽深度的增加会导致齿面应力的降低;随着齿轮传递扭矩的增大,织构齿轮和光滑齿轮齿面应力均表现出明显增大的趋势,但相同条件下,织构化齿面的接触应力明显高于光滑齿面。     

表面织构改善摩擦特性的研究进展

介绍了凸包形、凹坑形及凹痕形等表面织构形貌,并对表面织构的几种加工技术进行对比。通过分析表面织构在工业方面的应用实例,阐述了表面织构在不同润滑状态条件下的减摩理论:附加流体动压效应理论、二次润滑理论和俘获磨屑颗粒理论。重点讨论了织构形貌、面积密度、纹理尺寸和深径比及分布形式等参数对摩擦特性的影响。同时运行条件和润滑状态对摩擦特性也起主要作用,但并非所有的表面织构都可以改善摩擦学特性,只有具有合适参数的表面织构在合适的运行条件和润滑状态下才可以显著改善摩擦学特性。总结了表面织构与涂层技术相结合、混合表面织构两种未来表面织构的研究方向,指出表面织构还需进一步深入研究的方面。     

人工关节材料的表面润滑设计与应用

人工关节的摩擦磨损问题仍然是基础研究中最重要的问题,借助表面改性技术改善假体的摩擦学性能是人工关节未来发展的必经之路。从润滑角度考虑,对假体关节材料摩擦性能的研究主要集中在表面功能化润滑结构设计以及新型仿生润滑剂研究两方面。针对功能化润滑结构,介绍表面织构设计以及聚合物刷的应用,分析表面织构参数对不同运动工况下摩擦副摩擦性能的影响,阐述表面织构的润滑机制;总结不同种类的聚合物刷结构对摩擦体系耐磨性能的调控,阐明"刷型"结构在摩擦界面的水润滑特点,提出环境介质对聚合物刷结构及性质的影响作用。针对关节润滑剂,介绍传统的关节滑液组分向聚合物仿生润滑剂的拓展。指出微/纳结构的嵌套设计与协同润滑以及润滑剂结构仿生与功能仿生的结合,将是未来的重要发展方向。     

表面微织构改善摩擦性能的研究进展

机械表界面行为和摩擦学密切相关,利用先进手段对摩擦副的表界面进行改性、改形和调控是目前的研究热点。表面微织构方法可以显著改善接触对表面摩擦特性。本文基于微织构的研究背景,论述了表面微织构加工方法、几何参数及其对摩擦性能的影响规律,阐述了微织构的减摩机理和应用,提出了后续的发展方向。     

摩擦界面内杂质颗粒物的力学行为研究进展*

摩擦界面内夹杂的固体颗粒物,会影响摩擦副的摩擦、磨损性能,并可能导致摩擦副异常振动和温度升高,应用表面织构可改善摩擦界面的摩擦学特性,为摩擦副的减摩、抗磨提供了有效的途径。介绍摩擦界面夹杂有固体颗粒时的摩擦、磨损机制,概述颗粒-摩擦副的力学模型、颗粒被卷吸进入摩擦接触界面前后的力学行为,以及颗粒存在时表面织构的作用。展望颗粒-摩擦副系统的研究方向,包括非球形颗粒的力学行为研究,摩擦接触界面间颗粒的运移规律研究,摩擦体系各要素间的协同作用和制约机制研究,润滑脂作为润滑剂时固体颗粒的力学行为研究等。     

齿轮传动齿面摩擦因数计算方法的研究

从理论和实验2个方面,对复杂润滑状态下齿面摩擦因数的计算方法作了深入的系统研究。基于弹流润滑理论,综合研究了啮合周期内交变出现的完全弹流、混合润滑和边界润滑状态下齿面摩擦因数计算方法及其应用条件等。从齿面摩擦特性试验角度,对基于啮合点曲率半径等效原理的模拟试件和基于功率损失同摩擦功耗等效原理的试验齿轮的摩擦因数计算方法从实验原理、实验条件及结论进行了比较分析。指出了齿面摩擦因数动测实验的优越性;并补充了线外啮合冲击摩擦模型及其摩擦因数的计算方法。含系统误差与综合变形齿轮副在复杂润滑状态下的齿面摩擦因数的计算方法体系的完整构建,对全面地认识齿面摩擦规律,对齿轮失效、减摩降噪等研究具有积极的意义。     

微织构光固化填充h-BN的巴氏合金表面摩擦学性能

为了提高巴氏合金在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能,在巴氏合金表面加工凹坑微织构并利用光固化填充方法填充六方氮化硼(h-BN)固体润滑剂,制备出h-BN与表面微织构相结合的复合润滑结构。研究复合润滑结构在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能及其减摩润滑机制。结果表明：复合润滑结构的摩擦学性能远高于未织构面和纯织构面;当凹坑微织构直径较小时,织构密度为10%～20%时,复合润滑结构摩擦因数较小,而凹坑直径较大时,随着织构密度的增加,复合润滑结构摩擦因数逐渐减小;当织构密度小于20%时,凹坑直径较小的复合润滑结构摩擦因数小,当织构密度达到30%时,随着凹坑直径的增加,复合润滑结构摩擦因数减小。复合润滑结构能够改善巴氏合金表面摩擦学性能,是因为h-BN固体润滑剂的释放在巴氏合金表面形成了固体润滑薄膜,避免了润滑油膜较薄处的巴氏合金表面直接与45钢表面接触,且释放h-BN固体润滑剂后的微织构凹坑可以起到收集磨粒,储存润滑油的作用。     

表面织构在齿轮泵关键摩擦副上的应用

为改善齿轮泵齿轮副与侧板这对关键摩擦副的抗磨损性能,基于表面织构的减摩机制,在试件表面加工了表面织构,通过摩擦磨损试验研究不同表面织构作用下不同材料间的摩擦因数、磨损量;选择减摩效果较优的织构参数加工于齿轮泵的侧板表面,装配并进行产品的台架试验。研究结果表明:在合理表面织构作用下,摩擦副试件的摩擦因数最大降低了45%,磨损量最大减小了87.5%;应用表面织构的齿轮泵台架试验运行时间达到10 000 h的设计寿命指标,且各项性能参数均满足设计要求。     

织构化表面设计及其摩擦学应用

织构化表面作为近年来涌现的表面摩擦学改性新技术,具有降低摩擦磨损的作用,在机械摩擦配副中得到了广泛的研究和应用。随着先进制造技术的发展,复杂、精细织构的加工制造成为了可能。与此同时,表面织构的摩擦学设计也由试验试错筛选阶段逐步走向理论优化阶段。概述了近年来表面织构化设计及其摩擦学应用的发展前沿和进展。介绍了凹形和凸形织构在加工、润滑方面的特点,以及凹形织构在不同工况下的润滑机理。探讨了近年来织构流体动压润滑和混合润滑模型的发展,并概述了织构典型规则形状的选择和不规则形状优化研究。归纳了针对不同材料和不同工况,圆形织构尺寸参数的选择和优化设计,总结了合理的参数范围。进而重点探讨了圆形织构排布影响,分析了几种典型的织构排布研究;同时概述了针对典型摩擦配副,如轴承,织构排布形式的选择和设计方法。最后,对织构化表面设计研究进行了总结,提出了表面织构设计面临的问题挑战,并对织构设计未来的发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

表面微织构与表面涂层协同作用研究现状

表面微织构因其独特的纹理结构不仅减小了摩擦副表面间的实际接触面积,抑制了"犁耕现象"的出现,而且可以实现润滑液的有效存储,进而达到"二次润滑"和"动压润滑"的效果。若将表面微织构的减摩特性与表面涂层的润滑特性结合起来,利用两者的协同作用,则有望进一步改善摩擦副间的摩擦磨损性能。介绍了表面微织构在不同润滑条件下的减摩机理以及表面微织构与表面涂层协同作用的研究现状。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.