电子束横焊3mm纯铌板的熔池形态研究

高能加速器纯铌超导腔内导体,要求加工后的外表面光滑平整,以保证其特殊性能的要求。在电子束平焊全熔透情况下,超导腔焊缝正面在反冲压力作用下易发生未焊满及塌陷等缺陷。本文采用合适的电子束横焊工艺参数,得到了符合工艺要求的正面余高焊缝。并且建立了3mm厚的高纯铌板横焊过程的二维模型,针对不同的焊接参数分别设计了不同尺寸和形状的熔池,结合VOF算法,模拟焊接熔池里液态金属自由表面存在状态,得到了不同焊接参数下熔池的演变过程。实验结果显示,焊接熔宽随焊接线能量的升高而增大,数值模拟与实验结果较吻合。     

窄间隙P-GMAW仰焊位置熔滴过渡影响因素及控制方法

管道窄间隙全位置焊接过程中,在接近仰焊位置容易出现焊接缺陷,制约了管道施工的质量和效率.文中针对管道自动焊仰焊位置成形差、可靠性低的问题,分析P-GMAW过程送丝速度、弧长修正、导电嘴到熔池距离等因素对熔滴过渡的影响规律.结果表明,增加弧长修正系数可以增大电弧对侧壁的热输入,能够缓解侧壁熔合不良的问题,但会使熔滴过渡路径难以控制.因此当焊枪运动到仰焊位置时,提高送丝速度有利于获得更小的熔滴、更高的过渡频率;降低导电嘴到熔池距离,可以增加电磁力、减小熔滴尺寸,从而更有利于仰焊位置熔滴向熔池的过渡,研究结果对于管道窄间隙焊接的工艺设计具有一定的指导意义.     

基于视觉传感的摆焊管道立焊熔池特征分析

对摆动电弧GMAW焊在全位置立焊区间的熔池特征进行了研究,设计一套管道全位置焊接视觉监测系统。采集清晰的熔池序列图像;分析一个电弧摆动周期的立焊熔池变化特点;采用数学形态学的算法获取熔池轮廓。结果表明：定义的熔池视觉特征参数能有效地区分全位置焊不同立焊区间的熔池。在摆动电弧的作用下,立向上焊与立向下焊的熔池特征存在明显的差异性,立向上焊的熔池长与熔池面积较立向下焊分别大21%与10%,立向上焊的熔池尾部轮廓线呈水平状态,而立向下焊的熔池尾部呈现明显下凹特征。     

Molten pool behavior in the tandem submerged arc welding process

A three-dimensional numerical heat transfer and fluid flow model is developed to examine the temperature profiles, velocity fields, weld pool shape and size in a two-wire tandem submerged arc welding process. The model solves the equations of the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy along with the volume of fluid method. The volume of fluid method is used to track the shape of the free surface. Further, a novel scheme is proposed to handle the arc interaction and its influence on the molten droplet transfer direction. Using the computational fluid dynamics simulations, it is found that the droplet movement and arc forces from the leading electrode heavily affect the molten pool flow patterns and the resultant bead shapes, even though the same heat inputs are applied. The computed weld width and penetration are in fair agreement with the corresponding experimental results.     

等离子弧焊接过程数值模拟的现状及发展

以等离子弧焊接过程为对象，分别从焊接电弧和焊接熔池的角度，概括了近年来等离子弧焊接电弧及熔池数值模拟领域取得的一些进展，分析了现有数学模型中存在的问题，提出了今后的发展方向。     

图象处理在窄间隙MIG/MAG焊在线检测中的应用

作者采用电弧直接视觉传感器和图象处理的方法成功地对窄间隙气体保护焊摆动焊接过程进行了在线检测。每秒钟采样和处理图象25～30帧,可检测出焊丝端横向摆动的轨迹,计算出焊丝摆动范围及其对坡口两侧壁的偏差。检测的结果不仅可做为理想的控制信号,实现电弧摆动对侧壁的自动跟踪,而且为进一步研究电弧摆动状况对焊接参数、焊接质量的影响及其实时控制提供了新的手段。     

大型油压机柱塞缸工艺设计

柱塞缸是大型油压机的主要载荷部件和执行元件,外形尺寸大,精度要求高.传统的工艺方法为毛坯实芯整体锻造,然后挖空再加工,综合费用高.本文介绍了一种新型的工艺设计方案,采用分体结构并利用窄间隙埋弧自动焊方式,彻底改变了常规加工方式带来的不足.     

厚板窄间隙焊接技术研究进展

针对大厚板,常用的焊接方法需要开大角度坡口,焊接时采用多层多道焊,焊件往往内部应力较大,变形严重。而窄间隙焊接采用窄而深的坡口,在厚板焊接中具有效率高等优势。针对当前常用的厚板窄间隙焊接技术,本文中主要总结了国内近几年在激光窄间隙焊接,电弧窄间隙焊接和超窄间隙焊接三个方面的研究进展。     

焊接熔池数值模拟的研究现状

焊接是一个非常复杂的物理、化学过程,利用数值模拟能够详细反映出焊接过程中的一系列变化,国内外学者已在流体动力学熔池模型研究中取得显著进展。弧焊和激光焊是两种广泛采用的焊接方法,综述了这两种焊接方法熔池数值模拟的研究现状,通过分析现阶段模拟现状,为进一步研究提供引导。     

强弧光反射环境下频域滤波的熔宽特征提取

以碳钢Q235氩弧焊为试验对象,研究一种基于熔池镜面反射物理特性的电弧焊熔宽提取方法,应用空域滤波与频域滤波融合去噪技术对受高频噪声污染的焊接图像进行处理.对比频域滤波处理前后熔宽提取的准确率,发现利用频域低通滤波结合增强型高通滤波补偿算法对熔池图像去噪效果较好.电弧焊接试验结果表明所提出的熔宽识别算法能够较准确地提取熔宽值.     

Arc force and shapes with high-frequency pulsed-arc welding

Arc plasma is the source of heat and force for molten pool with dynamics fluid and convections. The arc force is studied with shape surveillance and force measurement during pulsed welding process. The results indicated that the average force increased by 42–57%. And the pressures were 322?Pa (conventional welding), 409 Pa and 517?Pa (pulsed welding). Imaging process is carried out for energy distribution analysis. The core region ratio increased up to 51%, compared with 43.7% by conventional welding. The arc pressure derivation was produced and the error was discussed. The increased arc force happens with arc constriction during pulsed welding. It is supposed to create surface depression of molten pool, enhance the fluidity and improve the heat convections.     

焊剂带约束超窄间隙焊接母材熔化及熔池形成

为认识超窄间隙焊接母材熔化特性及熔池形成机制,在放置焊剂带的I形坡口中进行熔化极电弧焊接试验,采用一种快速中断电弧的方法,保留焊接过程中焊剂带、坡口底部和侧壁的熔化形态.结果表明,电弧区焊剂带热收缩效应和固壁约束作用能有效约束坡口中电弧作用范围.当选择合适的侧壁根部焊剂带裸露高度时,电弧加热区域控制在坡口底部和侧壁根部,熔滴过渡的冲击作用及电弧力集中在熔池前端,使熔融金属产生有利于排出熔池中气体和熔渣的流动,形成无缺陷焊缝.当侧壁根部焊剂带裸露高度大于一定值时,电弧所受约束减小,加热区域扩展到较大范围的坡口侧壁上,熔滴过渡分散在坡口底部和侧壁,熔融金属难以形成贯穿熔池的流动,焊缝存在较多孔洞.     

机械产品焊接过程中受控脉冲穿孔等离子弧焊接小孔动态行为分析

将视觉传感器应用于受控脉冲穿孔等离子弧焊接技术,检测小孔的动态行为,为调整机械产品的焊接工艺参数提供依据。结果表明:一个脉冲周期会对应产生一个小孔,每个小孔都依次经历了出现、长大、缩小和闭合,且小孔位置偏移量由刚穿孔时的最大逐渐变为闭合时的最小。     

Porosity formation mechanism and its prevention in laser lap welding for T-joints

A high-speed camera and X-ray transmission observation system were used to observe the keyhole and molten pool dynamic behavior in laser lap welding T-joints. The oscillation frequency of the molten pool and the keyhole increases with increasing gap. The lower keyhole becomes slant with the large gap and large quantities of bubbles are formed at the bottom tip of the keyhole. The molten pool is divided into three different zones by the large gap and a small eddy is formed at the lower molten pool. The bubbles are difficult to escape from the lower molten pool and the gap when the gap is large, resulting in the formation of porosity at the gap and root of weld seam. The distribution characteristics of porosity in different gap have an excellent agreement with the keyhole and the molten pool dynamic behavior. Porosity can be suppressed by maintaining a small gap or adopting high welding speed. The paper provides fundamental insights into the mechanism of porosity formation during laser lap welding T-joints and guidance to aid in its elimination.     

等离子弧焊机的发展与前景

等离子弧是采用等离子焊炬压缩自由电弧,形成高温、高电离度和高能量密度的电弧,具有焊接质量高、焊接速度快、热量集中等特点.对比分析了等离子弧与TIG焊的差别.同时,分析了我国使用等离子孤焊机与国外使用量的差距,强调我国应大力发展通用型大电流等离子弧焊接设备,谁在大电流通用型等离弧焊机的研制方面走在前面,谁就站在了焊接时代的前沿.     

Development of ultra-narrow gap welding with constrained arc by flux band

0 IntroductionThe merits of narrow gap welding (NGW) such ashigh productivity and quantity, minimal distortion, highcost-effectiveness, and all position capability are wellknown. The narrower the gap, the more significant the a-bove merits. Moreover, while an ultra-narrowgap welding(UNGW) process with less than 5 mm gap width is used,its some advantages are very useful for preventing thestress corrosion crack in austenitic steel piping, and forwelding some update steels. For example, in aus…     

摆动电弧窄间隙GMAW熔滴过渡规律

研究摆动电弧窄间隙焊接中的熔滴过渡规律是深入理解该焊接方法的重要基础,由于受到电弧摆动、窄间隙坡口的影响,摆动电弧窄间隙焊接熔滴过渡比常规焊接更加复杂.采用高速摄像系统及焊接电信号采集系统成功地对摆动电弧窄间隙GMAW的熔滴过渡过程进行观测研究,揭示了摆动电弧窄间隙GMAW的熔滴过渡特性,分析了摆动参数、焊接参数对熔滴过渡的影响.结果表明,由于焊丝在坡口之间的摆动改变了焊丝与侧壁之间的距离,引起了焊接电弧长度的变化,促使焊接电流发生了波动,从而导致了摆动电弧窄间隙焊接熔滴过渡的规律性变化.     

Numerical simulation of full penetration laser welding of thick steel plate with high power high brightness laser

Full penetration laser welding was carried out on a 10 mm steel plate using a 16 kW maximum power continuous wave thin disk laser. Upper surface and lower surface of molten pool were observed synchronously with two high speed CCD cameras during the welding process. The lower surface was much longer and more unstable than the upper one. A three dimensional laser deep penetration welding model in which volume of fluid (VOF) method was combined with a ray-tracing algorithm was used to simulate the dynamic coupling between keyhole and molten pool in laser full penetration welding. The calculated weld cross-section morphology and molten pool length on both upper side and lower side agree well with experimental results. Evolution of molten pool in lower side during full penetration laser welding was analyzed, periodical features of energy coupling, molten pool behavior and keyhole dynamics in laser full penetration welding were identified and discussed.