7022铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数的优化

根据经验并通过试验拟定出10mm厚7022铝合金FSW的工艺参数范围为:搅拌头转速(ω) 300～600r/min,焊接速度(v)30～100 mm/min,并对各参数下的焊接试样进行拉伸试验、显微硬度测试和冲击试验.试验结果显示,焊接接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度范围分别为505～615 MPa和464～532 MPa;焊接接头的最大硬度出现在焊缝区中间部位,最小硬度出现在热影响区;焊接接头的冲击韧性仅在ω=300 r/min、v=30和50 mm/min时略低于母材,其余工艺参数下焊接的试样均高于母材.试验获得的最佳焊接工艺参数为:ω=400 r/min、v=100 mm/min.     

铝合金材料搅拌摩擦焊焊接参数概述

概述了铝合金材料搅拌摩擦焊的焊接原理以及搅拌头形状、材料、焊接工艺参数等对接头成形及性能的影响,学习和应用相关知识,为后续铝合金材料搅拌摩擦焊提供试验依据、理论指导和技术支持.     

铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊

在详细介绍搅拌摩擦焊原理，特点的基础上，针对铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊特点，性能以及工业应用进行了阐述，并且对搅拌摩擦焊在中国市场的发展和应用作了简略介绍和预测。     

2219铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头结构参数优化

为探究搅拌头几何形貌对2219铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊核心区温度场的影响,基于ABAQUS/CEL建立了18 mm厚2219铝合金FSW三维过程仿真模型,应用有限元分析法对焊接过程进行仿真研究,得到了焊接核心区测温点实时温度循环曲线。利用自主研发的热电偶测温系统对焊接温度场相应测温点温度进行检测,经过对比可知,不同转速试验和仿真数据曲线变化趋势基本相同,验证了所建立的FSW过程仿真模型的有效性。探究了搅拌头结构参数对FSW过程核心温度场的影响规律,针对搅拌头的轴肩尺寸、搅拌针锥角、轴肩凹角、螺纹升角等结构尺寸设计了4因素3水平正交试验。结果表明,轴肩直径对核心区温差的影响最为显著,当搅拌头的轴肩尺寸为36 mm、搅拌针锥角为6°、轴肩凹角为2.5°、螺纹升角为11°时,搅拌头结构尺寸较为合理,核心区温差值较小。创新点： 探究了搅拌头几何形貌对搅拌摩擦焊核心区温度场的影响,实现了搅拌头的结构参数优化。     

工艺参数对搅拌摩擦焊变形铝合金接头性能的影响

文中采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对4 mm厚的1060,2024,6061三种变形铝合金板材进行对接试验,焊后利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析、对比了焊接接头各区的微观组织和试样断口形貌,并测试了其拉伸性能和显微硬度.结果表明,三种材料接头焊核区的组织细小且焊核区的硬度最高,而热影响区组织粗大且硬度最低.接头的强度都随焊接速度和搅拌头旋转速度的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势,且接头最优抗拉强度与母材强度呈线性关系.拉伸试验中试样在热影响区断裂、断口呈韧窝状,为典型的韧性断裂.热影响区组织粗大和二次相偏聚是造成接头薄弱点的主要原因.     

水溶液中钼酸钠和5083铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝的交互作用

通过搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)手段,制备出5083铝合金同种焊接头。在室温的0.2mol/L NaHSO3和0.6mol/L NaCl溶液中,通过静态失重法及动电位极化曲线测试,对5083母材及其搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的电化学腐蚀行为进行了对比研究。然后在腐蚀介质中添加一定浓度的钼酸钠作为缓蚀剂,评价了此缓蚀剂对5083母材及其搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的电化学行为的影响。结果表明:焊缝的缓蚀效率要优于母材,钼酸钠为一有效的缓蚀剂。     

7A52铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺优化

接头强度是搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的一个重要指标,通过搅拌头旋转频率、焊接速度和轴肩下压量等焊接工艺参数的不同组合制备了35个7A52焊接试板,对试板进行拉伸试验检测了接头的抗拉强度,建立并分析了焊接接头抗拉强度与焊接工艺参数之间的回归模型,搅拌头旋转频率n,焊接速度v和轴肩下压量d<,ta>单独变化时,接头抗拉强度都有峰值...     

LF5铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺及性能研究

搅拌摩擦焊（Friction Stir Welding，简称FSW）是20世纪90年代新出现的一种新型的固态塑化连接工艺。对于用熔化焊难于焊接的有色金属，其应用潜力较大。针对我国常用的LF5铝合金，试验研究了该铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺和主要工艺参数对焊缝成形和接头力学性能的影响。试验表明：当ω/υ为一定值，在一定的工艺范围内，焊缝的机械性能随着ω的增加而增加，当工艺参数取得最佳值时，接头的抗拉强度可达到母材的90%以上，延伸率可达到母材的80%以上。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数库的建立

搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)作为一种新型焊接技术,由于其与传统的熔化焊相比具有焊接缺陷少、无须填充材料及保护气体、焊接前无须复杂的处理工作、能量消耗少等特点而得到广泛应用.但其焊接参数往往南操作者凭经验给出,带有一定的肓目性.本文首先针对FSW工艺进行了一般性研究,找到其规律性,并建立了其焊接参数数据库.数据库系统采用大型SQL Server2000数据库为平台,建立了材料库、工艺库、刀具库和产品库等,具有查询、维护和浏览等功能.该数据库的建立为FSW工艺的推广应用和工艺管理系统的研究奠定了基础.     

搅拌头及工艺参数对厚板7050铝合金搅拌摩擦焊成形的影响

探索了搅拌头及工艺参数对7050铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接焊缝成形的影响.试验结果表明:搅拌头设计不合理及工艺参数选取不当都将导致焊缝成形不良.轴肩尺寸过大是导致焊缝出现隧道型孔洞的主要原因.工艺规范过强时,焊缝易产生飞边和隧道型孔洞等缺陷.在本试验条件下,采用Ⅲ号搅拌头、旋转速度300 r/min和焊接速度95 mm/min...     

Microstructure and Strain Hardening of a Friction Stir Welded High-Strength Al–Zn–Mg Alloy

Microstructural evolution and strain hardening behavior of a friction stir welded（FSWed） high-strength7075Al-T651 alloy were evaluated.The nugget zone was observed to consist of fine and equiaxed recrystallized grains with a low dislocation density and free of original precipitates,but containing uniformly distributed dispersoids.The strength,joint efficiency,and ductility of the FSWed joints increased with increasing welding speed.A joint efficiency of ＊91% was achieved at a welding speed of 400 mm/min and rotational rate of 800 r/min,while the ductility remained basically the same as that of the base metal.There was no obvious strain rate sensitivity observed in both base metal and welded joints.While both the base metal and FSWed joints exhibited stage III and IV hardening characteristics,the hardening capacity,strain hardening exponent,and strain hardening rate all increased after friction stir welding.     

Material flow and core/multi-shell structures in a friction stir welded aluminum alloy with embedded copper markers

The objective of this study was to reveal the material flow and temperature distribution in a thick aluminum plate during friction stir welding and examine the subsequent microstructural change with particular attention to the reaction between copper marker and aluminum matrix. It is shown that the material adjacent to the threaded pin was transported from the top to bottom non-symmetrically, and then was forced to move upwards at a small distance from the pin due to the constraint of an extrusion-die-like configuration. The interaction between the copper marker and aluminum matrix led to the formation of (i) a unique core/multi-shell microstructure consisting of copper core, inner shell of AlCu and outer shell of Al₂Cu, and (ii) a composite band containing uniformly-distributed Al₂Cu particles with refined grains due to the lower stacking fault energy of copper and the pinning role of Al₂Cu particles.     

Effect of tool design and process parameters on properties of Al alloy 6016 friction stir spot welds

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of Al alloy 6016-T4 sheet was evaluated using a conventional pin (CP) tool and off-center feature (OC) tool. Tool rotation speed and plunge depth were varied to determine the effect of individual process parameter on lap-shear separation load. Maximum separation load of about 3.3 kN was obtained by using a 0.2 mm shoulder penetration depth with 1500 rpm tool rotation speed for the CP tool and 2500 rpm for the OC tool. Three different weld separation modes under lap-shear loading were observed: interfacial separation, nugget fracture separation and upper sheet fracture separation. Microhardness profile for weld cross section indicated no direct relationship between microhardness distribution and separation locations.     

Thermal modeling of friction stir welding in a moving coordinate system and its validation

A three-dimensional heat transfer model for friction stir welding (FSW) is presented in this paper; a moving coordinate is introduced to reduce the difficulty of modeling the moving tool. Heat input from the tool shoulder and the tool pin are considered in the model. The finite difference method was applied in solving the control equations. A non-uniform grid mesh is generated for the calculation. FSW experiments have been done to validate the calculated results. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The calculation result also shows that preheat to the workpiece is beneficial to FSW.     

Impact of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Process Parameters on Thermal Modeling and Heat Generation of Aluminum Alloy Joints

Friction stir welding(FSW)is a solid-state joining process,where joint properties largely depend on the amount of heat generation during the welding process.The objective of this paper was to develop a numerical thermomechanical model for FSW of aluminum–copper alloy AA2219 and analyze heat generation during the welding process.The thermomechanical model has been developed utilizing ANSYS~ APDL.The model was verified by comparing simulated temperature profile of three different weld schedules(i.e.,different combinations of weld parameters in real weld situations)from simulation with experimental results.Furthermore,the verified model was used to analyze the effect of different weld parameters on heat generation.Among all the weld parameters,the effect of rotational speed on heat generation is the highest.     

5A06铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头的金属流动规律,显微组织以及腐蚀行为研究

对5A06铝合金在搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的金属流动规律以及焊后显微组织演变和腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明:由于受到扭转和漩涡运动的综合作用,前进侧金属被直接卷入搅拌针的螺纹内部,然后被向下挤压进入焊核区。然而,后退侧的金属展现出无序的金属流动模式。通过扫描电子显微镜电子背散射分析发现,搅拌区的晶粒在动态再结晶的作用下发生了明显的细化,再结晶后平均晶粒尺寸约为6μm。对搅拌区的扫描电子显微分析结果表明,β相(Al_3Mg_2)和Al6(Mn,Fe)呈弥散分布,且和母材相比Al6(Mn,Fe)颗粒明显细化。同时,焊缝截面的硬度分布表明焊后5A06铝合金具有软化趋势,最小硬度值(HV)为720 MPa,位于搅拌区和热机影响区的界面处。通过电化学分析和浸泡后的组织观察发现搅拌区的耐腐性明显优于母材,母材的腐蚀电位为–0.725 V,而搅拌区域腐蚀电位升高35 mV。     

Friction stir welding of co-cast aluminium clad sheet

The effects of welding parameters on material consolidation are examined during friction stir butt welding of 2 mm Al 5083 alloy aluminium sheet with a surface cladding of Al 3025 alloy, which was co-cast from the melt. The influence of welding parameters on joint consolidation is investigated when tool revolutions per minute, travel speed and penetration depth were varied. It was found that modifying the pin of the welding tool to have a two-flat profile improves material consolidation and avoids defect formation during welding, and optimum welding parameters involve a combination of high tool rotation speed and travel speed. Optical and electron microscopy revealed that the integrity of the surface cladding layer could be maintained during friction stir welding while avoiding defect formation within the stir zone of the weld. The tensile strength of the joint was ～58% of the base material due to softening within the stir zone.