基于模糊时变滑模的永磁同步电机调速系统设计

针对永磁同步电机突然加入负载时存在的转速波动和不稳定问题,提出一种基于积分时变滑模面和新型模糊增益趋近律的滑模调速方法。采用积分时变滑模面,在传统积分滑模面中加入一个时变项,借此提升系统的响应速度。改进传统的指数趋近律,加入非线性函数来削弱系统的抖振,同时根据不同的系统状态用模糊算法整定趋近律增益参数,着重于提升趋近速度和系统抗扰动能力。最后,使用李雅普诺夫稳定性判据证明了该控制系统的稳定性。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下将此控制策略与传统滑模控制策略进行对比,仿真结果表明：采用此控制方法的系统响应速度更快、抑制系统扰动和抖振的能力更强,具备更好的综合性能。     

基于模糊滑模的两轴伺服系统轮廓误差交叉耦合控制算法

针对两轴伺服系统轮廓误差控制问题,提出一种基于模糊滑模的交叉耦合轮廓误差控制方法。设计了单轴模糊滑模跟踪控制器,用于消除干扰作用。将模糊控制器用于自适应调节滑模控制器切换增益,减小滑模控制的抖振现象。采用交叉耦合控制算法进行两轴间的协调控制,解决轴间参数不匹配的问题,保证轮廓控制精度。仿真结果表明:该方法能有效提高跟踪精度和轮廓精度。     

一种新型模糊神经网络滑模控制器设计北大核心

针对基于PID算法的永磁同步电机矢量控制系统易受系统不确定性影响(负载扰动、模型参数变化)的问题,提出一种新型模糊神经网络滑模控制器。首先,在传统滑模控制的基础上,利用模糊神经网络控制器(FNN)构成滑模控制器(SMC)的切换控制项来完成对系统不确定性因素进行逼近以及对滑模控制切换增益的调节;其次,利用麻雀搜索算法来实时更新模糊神经网络滑模控制器参数,为了加快SSA的收敛速度以及防止其陷入局部最优,利用分数阶微积分对传统麻雀算法进行改进;最后,进行了仿真验证,表明所设计的新型模糊神经网络滑模控制器具有较强的鲁棒性和动态性能。     

3-RPC型并联机器人模糊滑模轨迹跟踪控制研究

分析了直流伺服电机驱动的3-RPC并联机器人的运动学反解,并对其进行了轨迹规划;设计了传统滑模控制及模糊滑模控制,建立了仿真模型,并完成了各支路的期望运动的轨迹跟踪。仿真结果表明:模糊自适应增益滑模控制比传统滑模控制精度更高,响应时间明显更快,更能有效地消弱控制中带来的抖振现象。     

基于新型滑模观测器的永磁同步电机控制

针对传统的滑模观测器(SMO)在永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制系统存在较强抖振问题,设计一种新型混合趋近律滑模观测器.采用正弦型输入函数代替传统的符号函数,设计混合趋近律代替等速趋近率,并通过模糊控制系统实现对正弦型输入函数边界层的自适应调节,有效地抑制了滑模变结构产生的抖振问题,提高了系统对电机转子位置的观测精度;通过...     

基于分数阶二阶滑模的PMSM转速控制

针对永磁同步电机易受负载扰动和自身参数变化影响的问题,提出了一种基于分数阶的永磁同步电机二阶滑模速度控制器。该方法利用分数阶随时间缓慢衰减的特性,首先,在传统滑模面的基础上引入了分数阶滑模面;其次,采用螺旋算法来设计二阶滑模控制器;最后,搭建永磁同步电机矢量控制仿真模型进行仿真。实验结果表明,与传统的二阶滑模控制相比,在新的控制方法下系统有较强的抗负载扰动能力,以及减小自身参数变化时带来的影响,能够有效地提高系统的动态和稳态性能。     

PMSM分数阶滑模变结构MRAS仿真

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)模型参考自适应控制系统(MRAS)中存在的抖振及转速估计精度低的问题,提出了一种分数阶滑模变结构MRAS转速辨识方法。首先建立了PMSM的参考模型和可调模型,利用参考模型和可调模型的电流输出误差来构造分数阶滑模面,其次设计了电机速度观测器,用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了其可行性。最后利用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件搭建仿真模型进行仿真。仿真结果验证了PMSM分数阶滑模变结构速度观测器的有效性,具有更加精确地对转速进行跟踪的能力,有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于新型趋近律的永磁同步电机非奇异终端滑模控制北大核心

针对永磁同步电机调速系统存在抖振和响应速度慢的问题,采用滑模变结构控制方法设计速度环控制器。将传统线性滑模面改进为非奇异终端滑模面,以提高系统在滑模面上的趋近速度。提出一种新型趋近律,在双幂次趋近律的基础上引入切换函数,使用终端吸引子,并且增加指数项来提高趋近速度,更好地减少系统抖振并改善了系统收敛特性。将此控制算法与双幂次趋近律对比,仿真结果表明:该方法可以更有效地抑制系统抖振和提高系统的收敛速度,也能更快速、准确地跟踪给定的速度信号。     

机械臂液压伺服系统的自适应模糊滑模控制

针对机械臂液压伺服位置系统存在非线性特性和参数不确定性,提出了一种自适应模糊滑模控制方法。利用参数自适应算法估计系统未知参数,有效地克服了系统不确定性的影响,提高了系统的鲁棒性;采用非连续投影算法保证了参数估计的有界性;引入模糊系统代替切换控制项,有效地消弱了抖振。仿真研究结果表明:所设计的自适应模糊滑模控制器能够快速准确地跟踪指令,并且对参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性,与PID控制器相比,系统跟踪误差小,响应速度快,跟踪性能好。     

基于高阶滑模的PMSM无传感器控制

针对传统永磁同步电机(PMSM)无传感器控制存在的超调量大、抖振明显,易受负载扰动影响的现象。提出一种基于高阶滑模的控制策略,结合超螺旋算法(STA)和任意阶算法设计出新型高阶滑模控制器,将新型的控制器分别应用于速度控制器、状态观测器和扭矩观测器,用饱和函数代替符号函数,同时采用积分滑模面和模糊控制对控制系统进行优化。系统使用状态观测器和锁相环(PLL)获取转子位置信息,并通过扭矩观测器将观测值前馈补偿至速度控制器。经过模拟仿真表明该高阶滑模控制系统可以有效地抑制超调和抖振,提升转子位置的估算精度,同时大大提升了系统的抗干扰性和鲁棒性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。