具有弧形移动副3 RPS并联机构的运动学分析

提出两种具有弧型移动副的RPS并联机构,其分支运动链均由一个转动副R,一个弧形移动副P和一个球铰S构成。运用螺旋理论,对这两种并联机构的自由度、位置反解、工作空间进行分析。第一种并联机构动平台的转动中心为弧形连杆的中心,动平台绕Z轴的旋转相对其它两个方向的旋转具有解耦性;第二并联机构动平台的转动中心是各支链球铰中心与弧形连杆中心连线的交点,此交点随动平台的位姿变化而变化;此外,第二种并联机构的工作空间比第一种并联机构的工作空间小。这两种并联机构结构简单、灵活度较高,可应用于虚轴机床、航空模拟设备、医疗设备等领域。     

一种轻型仿人机械臂关节并联机构设计

基于人体上肢手臂结构特点与运动特性，提出一种轻型仿人绳驱动协作机械臂结构，完成了3-RRRR-（UPU）腕关节并联机构设计；弓形连杆铰链中心连线两两对角相交，交点随动平台相对静平台作球面纯滚动，形成椭圆运动轨迹。构建虚拟圆逼近椭圆误差模型，采集不同尺寸下并联机构运动误差数据进行插值优化处理，得出插值优化模型；在动、静平台分别建立动、静坐标系，构建并联机构运动学简图，完成正运动学分析。通过正运动学分析结果推演出绳索长度与并联机构末端动平台位姿关系，并通过逆运动学分析验证机构正运动学分析。     

平面二自由度并联机构的运动学和动力学研究

为了满足发光二极管电子封装设备的高速高精要求,设计出了二自由度平面并联机构(2-PPa并联机构)。该机构由一个动平台和两个对称分布的结构完全相同的支链组成,每个支链中都有一个移动副(驱动关节)和一个由平面平行四边形组成的特殊移动副。推导出该机构的运动学模型,根据性能指标确定其设计参数,并基于Euler-Lagrange方程建立该机构的动力学模型,最后通过算例仿真并分析了动平台按照一定轨迹规划运动时,两个移动副速度、加速度和驱动力的变化规律。结果表明:速度变化过程中,两个移动副的加速度和驱动力都较大,其方向相互对应。     

一种钢管喷印装置

正公开一种钢管喷印装置,包括加工台、横杆、第一动力单元、驱动单元、连接板、主动齿轮、第二动力单元、多个夹持机构、多个喷漆机构、供漆机构。横杆位于加工台的上方;第一动力单元与横杆滑动连接,第一动力单元用于驱动连接板沿竖直方向移动;驱动单元用于驱动第一动力单元沿横杆的长度方向移动;第二动力单元与连接板连接,第二动力单元用于驱动主动齿轮转动;多个夹持机构依次分布,夹持机构包括连杆、从动齿轮、螺杆、2个限位单元、多个夹持单元,连     

一种驱动冗余并联机床的铰链间隙误差分析

基于并联机构运动学及概率论,对一种3-DOF驱动冗余并联机床进行了铰链间隙误差分析,分析了球铰间隙对动平台中心点位姿的影响.得到了动平台中心误差分布函数.为驱动冗余并联机构误差分析提供了理论基础,同时为提高并联机床精度提供了理论方法.     

一种2转动自由度空间并联机构

提出了一种具有2个转动自由度的空间并联机构。一个垂直于定平台的沿Z方向的转动,另一个方向平行于定平台且方向随着机构的运动而不断变化。根据约束螺旋理论分析了该机构分支的运动螺旋和约束螺旋,并计算了自由度,对其输入原件选取的合理性进行了判断。用D-H法建立各分支连杆坐标系,建立机构的位置方程。     

一类3自由度空间并联机器人机构的设计及分析

基于单开链单元理论提出一种分支中含有平面6杆闭回路结构的空间并联机构,该机构的主动副为3个移动副,动平台相对静平台具有二维移动和一维转动(2T1R)自由度.通过将此机构的部分运动副替换又得到另外两种新型2T1R并联机构.分析了这类机构的位置逆、正解,其中位置逆解具有唯一性,而正解有两个.讨论了机构的工作空间和运动耦合性.由于这类机构结构简单,而且其运动学解具有弱耦合性,使得轨迹规划和控制较为简单,因此这类机构具有潜在的应用前景.     

3-PUU并联机器人机构及其运动学

介绍了一种空间三自由度并联机构3-PUU,该机构有动平台、定平台和3个连接支链组成,动平台相对于定平台有2个转动和1个移动.该机构动平台和定平台之间的连接全部由万向铰链完成,结构简单、对称,刚度高,控制简单;P副水平布置,动平台重力由导轨承担,丝杠轴向受力小,刚度好;相对于3-PRS两转一移机构,绕X和Y轴允许摆角大.文中建立了运动学方程,通过计算给出了位置反解和Jacobi矩阵,为速度分析和奇异性分析打下了基础.     

基于影响系数法的激光切割机床主体机构运动学研究

将3-PUU并联机构作为激光切割机床的主体机构,以对3-PUU并联机构的运动学分析为目的,构建3-PUU并联机构的位置方程,采用虚设机构法建立并联机构的影响系数矩阵,包括Jacobian矩阵和Hessian矩阵。采用影响系数矩阵和对位置方程微分的方式分别求得并联机构的驱动副与动平台间速度和加速度的映射关系,将影响系数法和微分法所得驱动副速度和加速度图谱与ADAMS仿真结果对比。通过对比3种分析方法所得曲线的一致性,验证运动学理论研究的正确性、仿真验证的可靠性以及作为激光切割机床主体机构的适用性。影响系数矩阵的正确建立也为激光切割机床主体机构的动力学分析、性能指标的建立以及优化设计提供了基础。     

三自由度可调并联机构的位置与运动学分析

针对一种三自由度的球面并联平台机构,基于符号-数字方法,建立了机构的位置正解数学模型,在此基础上推导出了末端执行器(动平台)球铰质心点的速度、加速度的正反解数学模型,研究了机构的运动学特性。利用Matlab符号运算对模型进行实例求解,验证了该方法的正确性。研究了调节驱动杆杆长和速度时动平台位置的变化规律,对该机构的动力学研究提供了基础。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.