工业机器人在MATLAB-Robotics中的运动学分析

本文设计了一种基于工业机器人的自动化处理系统,能够将工人从繁重的体力劳动中解放出来,避免了工人长时间在恶劣的环境中工作,首先需要在MATLAB Robotics环境下,建立机器人运动模型,对6R机器人的正运动学方程进行仿真验证。对机器人运动轨迹进行插补运算,运用MATLAB Robotics Toolbox工具箱编写了简单的命令程序,对工作空间内机器人进行关节轨迹规划与笛卡尔空间内的轨迹规划仿真,为6R工业机器人的运动学分析及轨迹仿真提供了参考依据。     

基于MATLAB Robotic Toolbox的关节型机器人运动仿真研究

在MATLAB环境下对关节工业机器人进行仿真分析。以ER3A-C60机器人为例,分析了它的正运动学、逆运动学和轨迹规划问题。利用Robotics toolbox和D-H参数建模方法,建立该机器人的运动学模型,进行该机器人轨迹规划的仿真,得到机器人关节角、角速度、角加速度随时间变化曲线,验证该机器人参数的合理性.     

UR10机器人的运动学分析与轨迹规划

为了让机器人在作业过程中运动轨迹具有连续、平滑的特性,对6自由度机械臂进行了运动学分析和轨迹规划。以6自由度的UR10机器人为研究对象,以刚体运动的齐次变换理论为基础,应用改进的D-H法对UR10机器人进行了运动学建模,基于几何与代数法对机器人进行了正、逆运动学分析,得到笛卡尔空间中末端执行器的位姿与关节空间中机器人关节角度之间的映射关系,并通过实例验证了公式推导的准确性。最后,基于MATLAB机器人工具箱,应用梯形的速度混合曲线对UR10机器人进行轨迹规划的仿真实验。试验结果表明:基于梯形的速度混合曲线得到的轨迹规划,实现了机器人的运动轨迹的连续和平滑。     

移动机器人机械臂运动分析及轨迹规划

以自行研制的移动双臂机器人为对象,采用D-H参数建模法建立双臂机器人数学模型,利用MATLAB的Robotics toolbox工具箱建立机器人手臂关节的运动学模型,分析机器人的运动学问题和基于关节空间的轨迹规划问题。通过SolidWorks建立双臂机器人的三维模型并导入Adams仿真软件,对虚拟样机模型进行动力学仿真分析。通过仿真验证了双臂机器人的设计可以满足工作性能的要求,为评价其力学指标和后续的驱动系统的硬件选型提供了重要的理论依据。     

码垛机器人运动学分析及关节空间轨迹规划研究

以IRB-460工业机器人为研究对象,针对其运动学建模及在笛卡尔空间和关节空间下的轨迹规划方法展开研究并进行对比。对机器人本体进行了机器人运动学分析,利用多项式轨迹插值算法进行了关键点间的轨迹规划,完成了重叠型码垛的作业流程。利用Robotics Toolbox完成了轨迹规划算法仿真,并进行了结果分析。仿真结果表明在关节空间下进行轨迹插补所得的路径点更为优化,所得的轨迹更为满足作业任务,具备合理性。     

IRB4400喷涂机器人运动学分析研究

喷涂机器人的运动学分析是动力学控制和轨迹规划的理论基础,为提高运动学求解效率,以ABB IRB4400喷涂机器人为研究对象,在Robotics Toolbox中对其建立了D-H模型,进行了正运动学分析。并针对机器人一般逆运动学求解方法复杂低效的问题,研究了BP神经网络智能算法在该型机器人逆运动学求解中的应用。运用正运动学分析结果,在Matlab中利用蒙特卡洛法编程实现了机器人的工作空间仿真,利用神经网络算法求解得到的逆解进行了轨迹规划仿真,得到了机器人工作空间仿真图,连续光滑的关节角、角速度和角加速度曲线图。从而验证了机器人建模的正确性、正运动学分析的合理性和逆运动学算法的有效性,为实际编程作业效率的提高提供了参考。     

光伏板清洁机器人运动学建模与仿真

为实现光伏板清洁机器人的精准运动控制,运用D-H法建立光伏板清洁机器人臂架机构运动学数学模型。根据变量的性质,将光伏板清洁机器人臂架机构的运动学问题用驱动空间、关节空间、位姿空间之间的映射关系描述,根据机构的几何特征,分别推导出各工作空间之间的映射关系。在MATLAB环境下对臂架机构数学模型进行运动学仿真并绘制清洗装置末端轨迹包络图,验证光伏板清洁机器人臂架机构运动学数学模型的正确性。研究结果为光伏板清洁机器人轨迹规划、运动仿真与动力学分析等提供了理论依据。     

马鞍形焊缝焊接机器人运动学分析及MATLAB仿真

运用Denavit-Hartenberg方法建立了以关节角为变量的马鞍形焊缝焊接机器人运动学模型,对马鞍形焊缝焊接机器人正运动学和逆运动学问题进行了求解分析;采用三次多项式插值的方法对焊接机器人进行了轨迹规划,通过MATLAB Robotics Toolbox工具箱对马鞍形焊缝焊接机器人进行了运动学仿真,得到了焊枪末端轨迹图以及关节角、角速度、角加速度与时间的变化曲线,验证了所设计参数的合理性,达到了良好的效果。     

5-DOF仿人型机械臂关节空间轨迹规划研究

文章以5-DOF仿人型机械臂为研究对象,讨论了工业机器人轨迹规划方法及相关问题。对该机械臂进行了运动学分析,建立了机械臂运动学方程,并针对典型搬运作业方式,以距离最优为目标选取空间梯形路径关键点,设计了基于关节空间五项多项式插值算法的轨迹规划方法,利用Robotics Toolbox工具箱进行机械臂虚拟建模及关节空间轨迹规划仿真。经验证,相对于传统矩形路径作业方式,该方法可以更好完成工业机器人搬运作业的轨迹规划问题,对进一步结合工艺参数研究工业机器人控制系统具有必要的理论及实践意义。     

基于Robotic Toolbox和ADAMS的机器人运动学及动力学仿真

对国产机器人BRIR801-5进行运动学分析,采用MATLAB工具箱Robotic Toolbox对机器人进行了建模仿真,通过轨迹规划得到关节位移、角速度、角加速度曲线,利用ADAMS软件对机器人进行了动力学仿真,得到关节力矩曲线,验证理论分析正确性和机器人机构设计的合理性,为机器人结构设计和仿真提供参考。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.