声学覆盖层内嵌空腔的一种数值优化方法

给定材料参数的条件下,如何确定最优声腔结构是声学覆盖层设计中的关键问题。针对去耦型声学覆盖层,提出一种轴对称模型与拓扑优化相结合的方法,可以快速寻得最优的声腔结构。文中采用轴对称简化模型来描述周期性覆盖层的声学特性,通过与正方形模型、六边形模型以及实验结果的对比,验证了有限元模型的正确性。采用基于密度的拓扑优化方法,对覆盖层的不同区域进行了优化,以此为基础,获得一种含U型腔的覆盖层结构,在常压和静压下,其隔振性能均优于典型的圆柱空腔覆盖层的隔振性能。     

考虑动静刚度的HDM50卧式加工中心立柱的优化设计

立柱是机床加工中心的关键部件,其结构形式对机床的加工精度有很大影响.以提高立柱动态性能为目的,考虑加工中心的动静刚度性能要求,提出立柱的优化设计方案,建立优化设计模型.首先采用HyperMesh的优化模块Optistruct对立柱进行拓扑优化,得到高性能的拓扑形式,然后考虑可加工性将立柱简化为筋板结构,并在此基础上利用遗传算法结合ANSYS的APDL编程语言进行进一步的详细设计.相比原始设计方案,立柱的动态刚度有了明显的提高,表明给出的方法对机床的结构设计有指导意义.     

Adaptation of Vehicular Ad hoc Network Clustering Protocol for Smart Transportation

Clustering algorithms optimization can minimize topology maintenance overhead in large scale vehicular Ad hoc networks (VANETs) for smart transportation that results from dynamic topology, limited resources and non-centralized architecture. The performance of a clustering algorithm varies with the underlying mobility model to address the topology maintenance overhead issue in VANETs for smart transportation. To design a robust clustering algorithm, careful attention must be paid to components like mobility models and performance objectives. A clustering algorithm may not perform well with every mobility pattern. Therefore, we propose a supervisory protocol (SP) that observes the mobility pattern of vehicles and identifies the realistic Mobility model through microscopic features. An analytical model can be used to determine an efficient clustering algorithm for a specific mobility model (MM). SP selects the best clustering scheme according to the mobility model and guarantees a consistent performance throughout VANET operations. The simulation has performed in three parts that is the central part simulation for setting up the clustering environment, In the second part the clustering algorithms are tested for efficiency in a constrained atmosphere for some time and the third part represents the proposed scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms clustering algorithms such as honey bee algorithm-based clustering and memetic clustering in terms of cluster count, re-affiliation rate, control overhead and cluster lifetime.     

基于有限和瞬时旋量理论的Exechon并联机器人运动学分析

运动学分析是并联机构性能分析、建模和优化设计的基础。传统的运动学分析方法中并联机构的拓扑模型与速度模型只能单独构建,无法揭示其内在联系,导致运动学模型的构建不够全面和准确;另外,以现有运动学性能指标作为运动学优化目标时,存在平转耦合机构运动学评价指标的物理意义不明确等问题。为此,以一平动两转动(1T2R)的Exechon并联机器人为研究对象,利用有限和瞬时旋量(finite and instantaneous screw, FIS)理论对其拓扑、运动学建模进行研究。根据FIS理论中的微分映射关系,在统一的数学框架下建立Exechon并联机器人的拓扑模型和速度模型,得到其速度和力雅克比矩阵。在此基础上,以可解析分析机构运动奇异性的虚功率传递率作为运动学性能指标,来有效评价Exechon并联机器人的运动/力传递性能。给定一组Exechon并联机器人模型的尺寸参数,借助MATLAB分析该机器人的局部虚功率传递率分布情况。研究结果为并联机构的性能分析与建模提供了参考,为Exechon并联机器人的优化设计奠定了理论基础。     

A model for the growth of mathematical specialties

A mathematical model for the growth of two coupled mathematical specialties, differential geometry and topology, is analyzed. The key variable is the number of theorems in use in each specialty. Obsolescences of theorems-in-use due to replacement by more general theorems introduces non-linear terms of the differential equations. The stability of stationary solutions is investigated. The phase portrait shows that the number of theorems in low-dimensional topology relative to those in differential geometry is increasing. The model is qualitatively consistent with the growth of publications in these two specialties, but does not give quantitative predictions, partly because we do not use an explicit solutions as a function of time and partly because only two specialties are used. The methods of analysis and some of the concepts can be extended to the development of more general and realistic models for the growth of specialties.Supported in part by grant IST 78-16629. The authors would like to express their thanks to Derek deSolla Price for very valuable comments that helped us to improve this paper.     

周期性多孔结构特征值拓扑优化

为了实现尺度关联周期性多孔结构的隔振性能优化,提出一种周期性多孔结构特征值拓扑优化方法.基于子结构动态凝聚方法对多孔结构的刚度和质量矩阵进行缩减,采用局部水平集函数(LLSF)对多孔结构进行几何隐式描述,以最大化前6阶特征值为目标函数,以结构体积分数为约束条件,建立周期性多孔结构特征值拓扑优化模型,采用优化准则法对拓扑...     

Topology optimization for optical microlithography with partially coherent illumination

This article revisits a topology optimization design approach for micro‐manufacturing and extends it to optical microlithography with partially coherent illumination. The solution is based on a combination of two technologies, the topology optimization and the proximity error correction in microlithography/nanolithography. The key steps include (i) modeling the physical inputs of the fabrication process, including the ultraviolet light illumination source and the mask, as the design variables in optimization and (ii) applying physical filtering and heaviside projection for topology optimization, which corresponds to the aerial image formulation and the pattern development processes, respectively. The proposed approach results in an effective source and a binary design mask, which can be sent directly to fabrication without additional post‐processing steps for proximity error correction. Meanwhile, the performance of the device is optimized and robust with respect to process variations, such as dose/photo‐resist variations and lens defocus. A compliant micro‐gripper design example is considered to demonstrate the applicability of this approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A surrogate assisted parallel multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for robust engineering design

A number of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have been proposed in recent years and many of them have been used to solve engineering design optimization problems. However, designs need to be robust for real-life implementation, i.e. performance should not degrade substantially under expected variations in the variable values or operating conditions. Solutions of constrained robust design optimization problems should not be too close to the constraint boundaries so that they remain feasible under expected variations. A robust design optimization problem is far more computationally expensive than a design optimization problem as neighbourhood assessments of every solution are required to compute the performance variance and to ensure neighbourhood feasibility. A framework for robust design optimization using a surrogate model for neighbourhood assessments is introduced in this article. The robust design optimization problem is modelled as a multi-objective optimization problem with the aim of simultaneously maximizing performance and minimizing performance variance. A modified constraint-handling scheme is implemented to deal with neighbourhood feasibility. A radial basis function (RBF) network is used as a surrogate model and the accuracy of this model is maintained via periodic retraining. In addition to using surrogates to reduce computational time, the algorithm has been implemented on multiple processors using a master–slave topology. The preliminary results of two constrained robust design optimization problems indicate that substantial savings in the actual number of function evaluations are possible while maintaining an acceptable level of solution quality.     

Topology optimization of periodic cellular solids based on a superelement method

It is well known that the structural performance of lightweight cellular solids depends greatly on the design of the representative volume element (RVE). In this article, an integrated topology optimization procedure is developed for the global stiffness maximization of 2D periodic and cyclic-symmetry cellular solids. A design variable linking technique and a superelement method are applied to model the structural periodicity and to reduce the computing time. In order to prevent the numerical instabilities associated with checkerboards in the design process, the quadratic perimeter constraint is used. Finally, the topology optimization problem is solved by the dual optimization algorithm. Several numerical examples are used to test the efficiency of the optimization procedure. Results show that the optimal topology of the RVE is not unique. It greatly depends on the size of the RVE. The computing efficiency can be greatly improved by means of the superelement technique. Also, for the optimal solution, the equivalent torsional rigidity has been compared with what is in the literature, to check the structural efficiency of the obtained topology. It has been observed that the current topology solution has the strongest rigidity when the same volume fraction of solid-phase materials is used.     

A level set–based method for stress-constrained multimaterial topology optimization of minimizing a global measure of stress

In multimaterial topology optimization of minimizing a global measure of stress, the maximum stresses in different materials may not satisfy the strength design requirements simultaneously if stress constraints for different materials are not considered. In this paper, a level set–based method is presented to handle the stress-constrained multimaterial topology optimization of minimizing a global stress measure. Specifically, a multimaterial level set model is adopted to describe the structural topology, and a stress interpolation scheme is introduced for stress evaluation. Then, a stress penalty-based topology optimization model is presented. Meanwhile, an adaptive adjusting scheme of the stress penalty factor is employed to improve the control of the local stress level. To solve the stress-constrained multimaterial topology optimization problem minimizing the global measure of stress, the parametric level set method is employed, and the sensitivity analysis is carried out. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method. Results indicate that multimaterial structures with optimized global stress can be gained, and stress constraints for different materials can be satisfied simultaneously.     

无线传感器网络几类拓扑控制及其抗毁性应用简述

无线传感器网络的拓扑结构随着网络中节点的增加、减少和移动实时变化,为保证网络的连通性和覆盖性不被影响,拓扑控制技术所要解决的问题正是传感器节点如何更好地自组织构建全局网络拓扑．本文首先概述了四类拓扑控制算法的理论基础及算法步骤．然后,对提高网络抗毁性的两类拓扑演化算法进行了详细叙述,即无标度网络生长与构建$k$连通网络,分别构建了基于节点位置偏好的移动网络拓扑模型和基于$k$连通的节点调度优化模型．最后,分别从移动节点的引入、折中控制算法的探索、复杂网络理论的应用和传统算法与智能算法的结合这四方面对拓扑控制算法的前景进行了阐述．     

Accurate and computer efficient modelling of single event transients in CMOS circuits

A new analytical modelling approach to evaluate the impact of single event transients (SETs) on CMOS circuits has been developed. The model allows evaluation of transient pulse amplitude and width (duration) at the logic level, without the need to run circuit level (Spice-like) simulations. The SET mechanism in MOS circuits is normally investigated by Spice-like circuit simulation. The problem is that electrical simulation is time-consuming and must be performed for each different circuit topology, incident particle and track. The availability of a simple model at the logic gate level may greatly improve circuit sensitivity analysis. The electrical response of a circuit to an ionising particle hit depends on many parameters, such as circuit topology, circuit geometry and waveform shape of the charge injection mechanism. The proposed analytical model, which is accurate and computer efficient, captures these transistor-level effects of ionising particle hits and models them to the logic level of abstraction. The key idea is to exploit a model that allows the rapid determination of the sensitivity of any logic gate in a CMOS circuit, without the need to run circuit simulations. The model predicts whether or not a particle hit generates a SET, which may propagate to the next logic gate or memory element, making possible to analyse the sensitivity of each node in a complex circuit. Model derivation is strongly related to circuit electrical behaviour, being consistent with technology scaling. The model is suitable for integration into CAD tools, intending to make automated evaluation of circuit sensitivity to SET possible, as well as automated estimation of soft error rate     

Topology optimization of geometrically nonlinear structures using an evolutionary optimization method

The topology optimization using isolines/isosurfaces and extended finite element method (Iso-XFEM) is an evolutionary optimization method developed in previous studies to enable the generation of high-resolution topology optimized designs suitable for additive manufacture. Conventional approaches for topology optimization require additional post-processing after optimization to generate a manufacturable topology with clearly defined smooth boundaries. Iso-XFEM aims to eliminate this time-consuming post-processing stage by defining the boundaries using isovalues of a structural performance criterion and an extended finite element method (XFEM) scheme. In this article, the Iso-XFEM method is further developed to enable the topology optimization of geometrically nonlinear structures undergoing large deformations. This is achieved by implementing a total Lagrangian finite element formulation and defining a structural performance criterion appropriate for the objective function of the optimization problem. The Iso-XFEM solutions for geometrically nonlinear test cases implementing linear and nonlinear modelling are compared, and the suitability of nonlinear modelling for the topology optimization of geometrically nonlinear structures is investigated.     

Enhancing a GA-based BPN forecasting model by employing the Taguchi method

Back-propagation networks (BPNs) are now the most commonly employed form of artificial neural network (ANN) and are used to solve a large number of practical problems. However, BPNs have a tendency to become trapped at local minima when applied to forecasting problems. This tendency causes the forecasting results of the BPN to be inconsistent and unpredictable. The use of heuristic techniques such as genetic algorithms (GAs) to optimise the BPN has been proposed as a potential means to address this problem. GAs have been successfully employed to establish network parameters and topology settings which optimise BPN performance. However, BPNs and the GAs themselves have many undetermined network parameters and topology settings, and the impact and interactions of these controllable factors are not yet fully understood. A greater understanding of these issues would enable decision-makers to establish a feasible solution-searching region with an appropriate network topology, thereby increasing the quality of their decisions. Therefore, a requirement exists to develop a methodical approach for identifying these parameter values. Accordingly, this study adopts the Taguchi method to calibrate the controllable factors of a GA-based BPN forecasting model. An L ₈(2⁷) inner orthogonal array is constructed for the controllable factors relating to the BPN's parameters and topology. Similarly, an L ₄(2³) outer orthogonal array is used to arrange the GA parameters, which represent noise factors in the present study. The solutions obtained from the proposed GA-based BPN model for chaotic time series problems are compared with those presented by a previous study for both in-sample and interpolation data, and are found to be in good agreement.     

基于广播中继的自组网组播路由协议改进(ODMRP-MPR)

提出一种对ODMRP协议的改进,即ODMRP-MPR路由协议。该协议继承了ODMRP协议对拓扑频繁变化的良好适应性,并采用广播中继机制MPR(Multipoint Relay),优化了组播转发网格并减少了协议开销,提高了协议对网络规模的可扩展性和吞吐量,并且提供拥塞控制,有效地解决单向链路问题,增强了协议的健壮性。通过对ODMRP-MPR和ODMRP协议的模拟仿真实验比较,验证了ODMRP-MPR协议的改进效果。     

Optimal design of piezoelectric microstructures

Application of piezoelectric materials requires an improvement in their performance characteristics which can be obtained by designing new topologies of microstructures (or unit cells) for these materials. The topology of the unit cell (and the properties of its constituents) determines the effective properties of the piezocomposite. By changing the unit cell topology, better performance characteristics can be obtained in the piezocomposite. Based on this idea, we have proposed in this work an optimal design method of piezocomposite microstructures using topology optimization techniques and homogenization theory. The topology optimization method consists of finding the distribution of material phase and void phase in a periodic unit cell, that optimizes the performance characteristics, subject to constraints such as property symmetry and stiffness. The optimization procedure is implemented using sequential linear programming. In order to calculate the effective properties of a unit cell with complex topology, a general homogenization method applied to piezoelectricity was implemented using the finite element method. This method has no limitations regarding volume fraction or shape of the composite constituents. Although only two-dimensional plane strain topologies of microstructures have been considered to show the implementation of the method, this can be extended to three-dimensional topologies. Microstructures obtained show a large improvement in performance characteristics compared to pure piezoelectric material or simple designs of piezocomposite unit cells.     

Robust compliance topology optimization based on the topological derivative concept

In this paper, we present an approach for robust compliance topology optimization under volume constraint. The compliance is evaluated considering a point‐wise worst‐case scenario. Analogously to sequential optimization and reliability assessment, the resulting robust optimization problem can be decoupled into a deterministic topology optimization step and a reliability analysis step. This procedure allows us to use topology optimization algorithms already developed with only small modifications. Here, the deterministic topology optimization problem is addressed with an efficient algorithm based on the topological derivative concept and a level‐set domain representation method. The reliability analysis step is handled as in the performance measure approach. Several numerical examples are presented showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Topology optimization in magnetic fields using the homogenization design method

To improve the performance of electric machinery, it is necessary to obtain the optimal topology of a structure in magnetic fields. The homogenization design method is applied to obtain the optimal topology. In the method, the change of inner hole size and rotational angle of unit cell determines the optimal material distribution in a design domain and this distribution defines an optimal topology. The objective function is defined as maximizing magnetic mean compliance (MMC). This is the same as maximizing magnetic vector potential and effective to improve the performance of electomagnet. The analysis and optimization is performed based on three‐dimensional hexahedral elements. This design method is applied to the H‐shaped electromagnet (H‐magnet). Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shell topology optimization using the layered artificial material model

A general methodology for topology optimization using the finite element method is described for shell structures. Four‐ and nine‐node Reissner–Mindlin shell elements with drilling degrees of freedom are used for the finite element response analysis. The artificial material model is used in the topology optimization and in particular, an isotropic multi‐layer shell model is introduced to allow the formation of holes or stiffening zones. In addition, a single design variable resizing algorithm is implemented based on the existing criterion which is found to be adequate for the artificial material model. Several benchmark tests are presented to show the overall performance of the proposed methodology. The strain energy variation together with the variation of the layout of the structure is monitored. Some detailed examples are provided with comparisons of the use of the four‐ and nine‐node elements and studies of critical solution parameters. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.