基于PSCAD并网光伏发电系统MPPT控制

针对光伏发电系统的非线性和时变性,基于PSCAD构建了并网光伏发电仿真系统,应用扰动现察法对系统进行实时MPPT控制.根据光伏并网系统的结构,采用幅相控制以实现稳定直流母线电压,通过简易的PQ解耦提高了系统功率因数,系统整体实现了MPPT-电压控制.仿真结果表明,MPPT控制可行、有效.     

基于负载电流的光伏系统MPPT方法的仿真试验

光伏系统实现MPPT的传统方法一般均需光伏系统输入电压、电流两个变量,且存在系统结构复杂、不利工程实现及不能直接反映负载的最大功率的缺陷,对此,提出一种以光伏系统的负载电流作为测量变量的单输入MPPT方法,以 Boost 拓扑为最大功率跟踪电路,选用简单有效的占空比扰动观察算法,分别建立了单、双输入法的MPPT 算法的Matlab仿真模型,并进行仿真试验验证。结果表明,以光伏系统的负载电流作为测量变量的单输入MPPT方法简化了系统的控制结构,便于控制器的集成,节约了系统成本,几乎可适用于全部的负载类型,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

直流微网中PV发电系统的改进型恒压控制策略

直流微网中光伏(PV)系统的控制策略会影响整个微网稳定性能。当微网中出现功率冗余时,需要减少PV系统的发电功率,PV系统需从最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)工作模式切换到限功率(非MPPT)工作模式。目前常用的限功率工作模式为恒压控制,但恒压控制稳定性差,对光伏P-U特性曲线上一些区段工作点不能稳定控制。由此该文提出改进型恒压控制,能对光伏P-U特性曲线上的所有工作点稳定控制。在Matlab/Simulink软件上仿真PV系统独立运行时和PV系统在微网中运行时的稳定性,仿真结果验证本文所提的改进型恒压控制可解决恒压控制存在的问题。     

太阳能光伏发电系统的系统分类

正太阳能光伏发电系统分为独立光伏发电系统、并网光伏发电系统及分布式光伏发电系统。a)独立光伏发电系统也叫离网光伏发电系统。主要由太阳能电池组件、控制器、蓄电池组成,若要为交流负载供电,还需要配置交流逆变器;b)并网光伏发电系统就是太阳能组件产生的直流电经过并网逆变器转换成符合市电电网要求的交流电之后直接接入公共电网。并网光伏发电系统有集中式大型并网光伏电站,一般都是国家级电站,主要特点是     

两类离网光伏控制器外特性比较分析

对串联PWM型和软开关MPPT型离网光伏控制器的外特性进行了比较分析,给出了两类光伏控制器在不同阶段的电压输出波形。由于对峰值电压的受控特性不同,造成串联PWM控制器比软开关MPPT控制器的蓄电池寿命短。通过仿真得到两类光伏控制器输出功率随蓄电池电压、日照强度和温度的变化曲线。在标准条件下软开关MPPT型控制器比串联PWM型控制器的输出功率平均多26%。随着日照强度的增加或随着温度的降低,两种控制器外特性的差别更大。     

基于DIgSILENT的光储联合系统作为地区电网黑启动电源可行性研究

为提高光多水少,甚至无水电地区电网的黑启动能力,该文提出了一种以光伏电站配置大容量电池储能系统作为黑启动电源的方案。首先,基于DIgSILENT/PowerFactory电力系统仿真平台,搭建光伏发电系统。为了维持其直流母线电压稳定和最大化光资源利用率,光伏逆变器采用电压/无功外环电流内环控制,Boost变换器采用MPPT控制。其次,在光伏发电系统的送端交流母线处配置储能,形成光储联合系统（photovoltaic-battery energy storage systems,PV-BESS）。储能部分DC/AC变换器采用V/f控制,以维持系统电压及频率的稳定。最后,考虑不同太阳辐照度、不同温度以及不同光储容量配比等情况,对输电线路空载充电以及启动大容量火电厂辅机的暂态过程进行仿真,验证了所提方案的可行性。     

光伏直流微电网超级电容储能控制策略研究

光伏直流微电网有离网和并网两种工作模式。离网模式下,由于负荷及分布式电源功率变化,导致母线电压波动;并网模式下,微电网输入功率变动以及非线性负载产生的低次谐波会使并网电流脉动,影响电能质量。文章提出了基于超级电容的储能控制方案,利用超级电容的快速充放电特性,离网运行时在传统双闭环控制方案中加入电压的功率微分控制,稳定直流母线电压的波动;并网模式时提出一种并网电流脉动补偿控制方案,降低并网电流的脉动,提高电能质量。最后,仿真建模验证了所提控制方案能有效解决直流母线电压波动及并网电流脉动的问题。     

独立式风光储系统联合控制策略

针对远离大电网偏远地区采取分布式能源发电的低稳定性和低效率等问题,提出了风光储独立系统的联合控制策略,该策略结合系统功率平衡和蓄电池充放电状态设计工作模式转化控制器进行联合控制.风力和光伏系统的最大功率点跟踪控制(MPPT)采用改进传统变步长扰动观测算法(P&O);负载功率跟踪控制(LPTC)基于功率平衡梯度电压迭代法...     

一种不依赖储能的光伏逆变器离网电压型控制策略

提出了一种不依赖储能的光伏逆变器离网电压型控制技术。该控制技术采用两级式光伏逆变器拓扑,前级Boost变换器采用负荷驱动型控制,实现最大功率点以下的源-荷功率平衡;后级逆变器则采用恒压恒频控制,支撑交流母线稳定。该控制策略使光伏逆变器在不依赖储能的前提下,独立支撑母线电压,并迅速调整光伏电池工作点以响应负载需求,保证了光伏逆变器和负载之间的功率平衡。仿真和实验结果表明,该控制技术极大地拓展了光伏的工作范围,提升了分布式光伏的主动支撑能力。     

光伏电池最大功率点跟踪控制方法的对比研究及改进

光伏发电系统中光伏电池的输出特性具有唯一的最大功率点(MPP),需要对光伏电池的最大功率点进行跟踪(MPPT)。文中分析了几种常见的最大功率点跟踪控制方法对比分析了它们的优缺点。针对MPPT控制方法中存在的启动特性较差、跟踪过程不稳定、精度不高等特点,采用一种改进爬山法,该法以恒定电压法作为启动特性及采用变步长进行跟踪控制,并利用Matlab/Simulink搭建了改进爬山法的MPPT控制模型,仿真结果验证该方法的有效性。     

光伏电力混合储能系统的能量管理策略研究

文章提出了一种光伏电力混合储能系统的能量管理控制策略,主要应用于含有光伏电源(Photovoltaic,PV)、电池能量存储(Battery Energy Storage, BES)和交流负载的发电网络系统中。该策略能够充分利用电力系统中组合架构之间的连接关系,有效缓解了目前电网中BES系统存在的过充电、欠充电等问题,并将充放电电流控制在一个相对稳定的范围内,延长了电池的使用寿命。分别在含有传统铅酸和锂离子电池的混合能量系统中使用6 kVA电源转换器进行实验,结果证明了所提出的能量管理策略的正确性和有效性。     

基于电压预估法的光伏发电系统MPPT算法

光伏发电系统处于复杂光照条件下时,光伏电池阵列的输出特性呈多峰现象,致使传统的MPPT算法追踪结果可能停留在次优点。针对此问题,提出一种基于电压预估法的光伏发电系统MPPT算法,采用DMPPT电路结构的光伏阵列,通过研究其输出特性,得到复杂光照条件下光伏阵列最大功率点对应的工作电压最佳区域,并以该预估到的电压值为基础,设计了一种新型的MPPT控制算法。仿真结果表明,所提算法能有效避免光伏系统工作在次优点,提高了光伏发电的出力。     

Combined operation of DC isolated distribution and PV systems for supplying unbalanced AC loads

This paper describes a DC isolated network which is fed by distributed generation (DG) from photovoltaic (PV) renewable sources to supply unbalanced AC loads. The battery energy storage bank has been connected to the DC network via DC/DC converter called storage converter to control the network voltage and optimize the operation of the PV generation units. The PV units are connected to the DC network via its own DC/DC converter called PV converter to ensure the required power flow. The unbalanced AC loads are connected to the DC network via its own DC/AC converter called load converter without transformer. This paper proposes a novel control strategy for storage converter which has a DC voltage droop regulator. Also a novel control system based on Clarke and Park rotating frame has been proposed for load converters. In this paper, the proposed operation method is demonstrated by simulation of power transfer between PV units, unbalanced AC loads and battery units. The simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC software show that DC isolated distribution system including PV units can provide the balanced voltages to supply unbalanced AC loads.     

Implementation of photovoltaic water pumping system with MPPT controls

To increase the output efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) system, it is important to apply an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. This paper describes the analysis, the design and the experimental implementation of the tracking methods for a stand-alone PV system, using two approaches. The first one is the constant voltage (CV) MPPT method based on the optimum voltage, which was deduced experimentally, and considered as a reference value to extract the optimum power. The second one is the increment conductance (Inc-Cond) MPPT method based on the calculation of the power derivative extracted by the installation. The output controller can adjust the duty ratio to the optimum value. This optimum duty ratio is the input of a DC/DC boost converter which feeds a set of Moto-pump via a DC/AC inverter. This paper presents the details of the two approaches implemented, based on the system performance characteristics. Contributions are made in several aspects of the system, including converter design, system simulation, controller programming, and experimental setup. The MPPT control algorithms implemented extract the maximum power point (MPP), with satisfactory performance and without steady-state oscillation. MATLAB/Simulink and dSpace DS1104 are used to conduct studies and implement algorithms. The two proposed methods have been validated by implementing the performance of the PV pumping systems installed on the roof of the research laboratory in INSAT Tunisia. Experimental results verify the feasibility and the improved functionality of the system.     

Analysis and enhancement of PV efficiency with incremental conductance MPPT technique under non-linear loading conditions

This paper presents experimental evaluations for variation in the efficiency of energy extracted from a photovoltaic (PV) module (under non-linear loading) incorporated with an incremental conductance(IC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The focus is on the evaluation of the PV panel under non-linear loading conditions using the experimental installation of a 100W_p photovoltaic array connected to a DC–DC converter and a KVA inverter feeding a non-linear load. Under the conditions of non-linear loading, both the simulation and experiment show that the MPPT technique fails to attain maximum power point due to the presence of ripples in the current leading eventually to a reduction in efficiency. In this paper, panel current is taken as a function of load impedance in the MPPT algorithm to eradicate power variation, as load impedance varies with supply voltage under non-linear conditions. The system is simulated for different non-linear loads using MATLAB-Simulink. A TMDSSOLAREXPKIT was used for MPPT control. In case 2, the inverter is connected to a single phase grid. When a voltage swell occurs in the grid, PV power drops. This power loss is reduced using the proposed MPPT method. The results of simulations and experimental measurements and cost efficiency calculations are presented.     

一种基于三端口能量路由的单级式光储并网系统及其高压穿越技术

该文提出一种具有高压穿越能力的基于三端口能量路由的单级式光储并网系统（PV-ESS）。光伏最大功率跟踪始终由三相变换器控制完成。多端口能量路由器可根据不同运行工况使储能灵活接入,平抑光伏输出,使得系统具有更高的效率。在电网高压故障下,通过储能装置抬升直流母线电压,从而使系统具有高压穿越的能力,可在电网高压状态下不脱网连续运行,直至故障恢复。     

Fuzzy logic-based MPPT controllers for three-phase grid-connected inverters

In photovoltaic (PV) applications, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) module is necessary to extract the whole energy that the PV module can generate depending on the instantaneous conditions of the PV system. A PV module is obtained by connecting a number of solar cells in series and parallel, which causes voltage and current to increase at module terminations. The present work is based on a three-phase grid-connected inverter designed for a 100 kW PV power plant that uses an MPPT scheme based on fuzzy logic controllers. The whole system presented is simulated in MATLAB. The fuzzy logic-based MPPT controllers show accurate and fast responses and are integrated into the inverter, so that the there is no requirement for a dc–dc converter. The inverter allows full control of reactive power.     

A Single-Stage Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System With Modified MPPT Method and Reactive Power Compensation

Single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems have advantages such as simple topology, high efficiency, etc. However, since all the control objectives such as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT), synchronization with the utility voltage, and harmonics reduction for output current need to be considered simultaneously, the complexity of the control scheme is much increased. This paper presents the implementation of a single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system. In addition to realize the aforementioned control objectives, the proposed control can also remarkably improve the stability of the MPPT method with a modified incremental conductance MPPT method. The reactive power compensation for local load is also realized, so as to alleviate grid burden. A DSP is employed to implement the proposed MPPT controller and reactive power compensation unit. Simulation and experimental results show the high stability and high efficiency of this single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system.     

Power quality improvement of solar photovoltaic transformer-less grid-connected system with maximum power point tracking control

This paper presents a transformer-less single-stage grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with active reactive power control. In the absence of active input power, grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) is operated in the reactive power generation mode, which powers control circuitry and maintains regulated DC voltage. Control scheme has been implemented so that the grid-connected converter continuously serves local load. A data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been implemented at maximum power which performs power quality control by reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid-injected current under varying environmental conditions. Standards (IEEE-519/1547) stipulates that current with THD greater than 5% cannot be injected into the grid by any distributed generation (DG) source. MPPT tracks actual variable DC link voltage while deriving maximum power from PV array and maintains DC link voltage constant by changing the converter modulation index. Simulation results with the PV model and MPPT technique validations demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed system.