浅谈牛奶蛋白纤维

文章详细介绍了牛奶蛋白纤维定义、发展历程，细致阐述了牛奶蛋白纤维主要的物理性质和化学性质，讨论了牛奶蛋白纤维的定性检验及主要应用，为全面了解和辨别牛奶蛋白纤维提供了理论支持，对牛奶蛋白纤维的产品研制和开发具有指导意义。     

牛奶蛋白纤维的性能及其染整加工

介绍了牛奶蛋白纤维的发展历史，牛奶蛋白纤维的特性，超分子结构与染色性能的关系，并比较了牛奶纤维与其它纤维之间性能的差别；提出了牛奶蛋白纤维在化学处理和染色加工中的注意事项，并给出相应的解决方法。     

纺织材料的新宠——牛奶蛋白纤维

本文介绍了一种新型纺织材料——牛奶蛋白纤维，重点介绍了牛奶蛋白纤维的特殊性质和其产品，指出牛奶蛋白纤维出现是纺织材料中新的里程碑。     

牛奶纤维的特性、应用和成分检测

牛奶纤维是从牛奶中提取的蛋白质分子与某种大分子化合物反应接枝而成的有别于天然纤维和化学纤维的一种新型纤维。牛奶纤维含16种氨基酸，有着良好的服用性能，是T恤、内衣、唐装、旗袍和晚礼服的高档面料。本文介绍了牛奶纤维发展历史、牛奶纤维的特性与开发、牛奶纤维的应用和水溶性纤维定性分析方法。     

牛奶蛋白纤维的特性、应用和定性检测

牛奶蛋白纤维是从牛奶中提取的蛋白质分子与某种大分子化合物反应接枝而成的一种有别于天然纤维和化学纤维的新型纤维。牛奶蛋白纤维含17种氨基酸，有着良好的服用性能，是T恤、内衣、唐装、旗袍和晚礼服的高档面料。文章介绍了牛奶蛋白纤维发展历史、牛奶蛋白纤维的特性、应用和牛奶蛋白纤维的定性分析方法。     

罗布麻/牛奶蛋白纤维与棉混纺精梳纱工艺

介绍了罗布麻纤维和牛奶蛋白质纤维的特点。通过工艺试验和测试．分析了纤维性能、纺纱工艺等因素对罗布麻／牛奶蛋白质纤维混纺纱质量的影响，探讨了提高罗布麻/牛奶蛋白质纤维混纺纱质量的技术措施。     

牛奶蛋白纤维的特性及纺纱加工技术

介绍了牛奶蛋白纤维特性及性能特征，牛奶蛋白纤维的纺纱工艺特点和技术要求。     

牛奶/竹/棉纤维混纺针织纱的纺制

利用新型原料牛奶蛋白纤维、竹浆纤维和棉开发了牛奶／竹／棉30／40／30混纺针织纱，产品具备了。尊纤维的特点，外观及服用性能好。介绍了牛奶蛋白纤维和竹浆纤维的性能特点，制定了混和方法、纺纱工艺流程及各工序的工艺措施。     

新型牛奶蛋白纤维针织面料的开发

针对牛奶蛋白纤维及其织物的性能和特点，采用纯牛奶蛋白纱或牛奶蛋白纤维混纺纱开发了单珠地针织面料、双珠地针织面料和仿灯芯绒针织面料，介绍了编织工艺和染整工艺。探讨了采用牛奶蛋白纤维开发功能性针织面料的新途径。     

牛奶纤维纺纱工艺探讨

介绍了牛奶纤维的性能，对影响牛奶纤维纯纺纱及混纺纱的各工序的主要技术措施和工艺配置进行了探讨。     

牛奶纤维sirofil纺针织纱工艺

介绍了牛奶再生蛋白质纤维的性能和sirofil纺的工艺特点 ,结合生产实践 ,就牛奶纤维sirofil纺针织纱的主要工艺参数进行了试验 ,主要分析了细纱工序影响牛奶纤维 /粘胶长丝混纺针织纱质量的因素 ,为提高牛奶纤维/粘胶长丝混纺针织纱质量和进一步开发新产品提供参考依据。     

纳米锌牛奶蛋白纤维与棉混纺纱的生产

为顺利纺制纳米锌牛奶蛋白纤维与棉50/50 14.7 tex混纺纱,选用1.5 dtex×38 mm的纳米锌牛奶蛋白纤维及优质新疆长绒棉进行混纺.根据两种纤维的特点,通过纺纱实践,对纺纱各工序进行了工艺优化:如纳米锌牛奶纤维在纺纱前加油剂,以消除静电;采用二步混并的方法,保证纱线正确混比;粗纱、细纱工序采用"低速、大隔距、小钳口"等,最终实现成纱质量优良的效果.     

Effects of a xylanase-rich enzyme on intake,milk production,and digestibility of dairy cows fed a diet containing a high proportion of bermudagrass silage

We previously reported that milk production in dairy cows was increased by adding a specific xylanase-rich exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (XYL) to a total mixed ration (TMR) containing 10% bermudagrass silage (BMD). Two follow-up experiments were conducted to examine whether adding XYL would increase the performance of dairy cows consuming a TMR containing a higher (20%) proportion of BMD (Experiment 1) and to evaluate the effects of XYL on in vitro fermentation and degradability of the corn silage, BMD, and TMR (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 40 lactating Holstein cows in early lactation (16 multiparous and 24 primiparous; 21 ± 3 d in milk; 589 ± 73 kg of body weight) were blocked by milk yield and parity and randomly assigned to the Control and XYL treatments. The TMR contained 20% BMD, 25% corn silage, 8% wet brewer's grain, and 47% concentrate mixture in the dry matter (DM). Cows were fed the XYL-treated or untreated experimental TMR twice per day for 10 wk after a 9-d covariate period. In Experiment 2, ruminal fluid was collected from 3 cannulated lactating Holstein cows fed a diet containing 20% bermudagrass haylage, 25% corn silage and 55% concentrate. In Experiment 1, compared with Control, application of XYL did not affect DM intake (24.0 vs. 23.7 kg/d), milk yield (35.1 vs. 36.2 kg/d), fat-corrected milk yield (36.1 vs. 36.9 kg/d), or yields of milk fat (1.29 vs. 1.31 kg/d) or protein (1.07 vs. 1.08 kg/d). However, intake of neutral detergent fiber (4.67 vs. 4.41 kg/d) tended to increase with XYL; consequently, milk protein concentration was increased by XYL (3.02 vs. 2.95%). Feed efficiency tended to be lower in cows fed XYL (1.57 vs. 1.52 kg of fat-corrected milk/kg of DM intake) compared with Control. In Experiment 2, XYL tended to increase the rate of gas production in the TMR, the molar proportion of propionate for corn silage, and that of valerate for the TMR. In addition, XYL increased in vitro DM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber degradability of BMD and corn silage. Application of XYL to a diet with a relatively high proportion of BMD tended to increase digestible neutral detergent fiber intake, increased milk protein concentration, and in vitro degradability of DM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. However, XYL did not affect milk production and tended to decrease feed efficiency in early lactation cows.     

Short communication: Effects of feeding pearl millet silage on milk production of lactating dairy cows

Twenty Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block experiment to determine the feeding value of pearl millet silage (MS) for dairy cows relative to corn silage (CS). Two isonitrogenous diets were formulated with a 53:47 forage:concentrate ratio. Pearl millet silage and CS comprised 67% of the forages in each diet. Relative to CS, MS contained higher crude protein (13.0 vs. 9.4%), neutral detergent fiber (66.9 vs. 40.7%), and acid detergent fiber (38.8 vs. 23.9%). Dietary treatments had no effect on dry matter (average = 23.9 kg/d) or crude protein (average = 4.2 kg/d) intake. However, cows fed MS consumed more neutral detergent fiber (9.7 vs. 8.3 kg/d) than did cows fed CS. Silage type had no effect on milk yield (average 38.0 kg/d), whereas energy-corrected milk (43.8 vs. 38.6) and 4% fat-corrected milk (41.8 vs. 35.5 kg/d) were greater for cows fed MS than for those fed CS. Milk protein, lactose, and total solids concentrations were not influenced by dietary treatments. However, cows fed MS produced milk with a greater milk fat concentration (4.17 vs. 3.78%) than did cows fed CS. We concluded that MS, when compared with CS, had a similar effect on feed intake, milk yield, and milk efficiency. Because of increased milk fat concentration, cows fed MS produced more energy-corrected milk than did cows fed CS.     

牛奶蛋白纤维的结构与性能

利用扫描电子显微镜观察了牛奶蛋白纤维的形态结构。结果表明,牛奶蛋白纤维是异形纤维,截面上有微孔,表面有凹槽;对牛奶蛋白纤维的X-射线衍射分析显示聚乙烯醇分子规则排列构成结晶部分,牛奶蛋白形成无定形区;测试和分析了牛奶蛋白纤维的吸湿、拉伸、摩擦等性能,结果表明牛奶蛋白纤维是集蚕丝和合成纤维优良性能于一身的纺织新材料。     

牛奶纤维与棉纤维混纺纱的开发

介绍了牛奶纤维的特性.针对牛奶纤维抱合力差的特点,采用牛奶纤维和撕断的精梳棉条进行棉包混和;在开清棉工序适当加重棉卷的定量;梳棉工序为减少棉条断头,生条定量偏重控制;粗纱的捻系数偏大掌握,使用橡胶假捻器,提高加捻效率,采用较小的粗纱张力;为了与较大的粗纱捻系数相配合,细纱后区工艺采用大隔距、较小的后区牵伸倍数,前区采用小隔距,可适应牛奶纤维与棉纤维混纺纱的质量.     

牛奶纤维的性能及其在非织造布领域的应用

介绍了牛奶纤维的性能,指出牛奶纤维是一种新型环保抗菌纤维,在开发非织造布产品上的前景将十分看好。     

Interaction of sodium acetate supplementation and dietary fiber level on feeding behavior,digestibility, milk synthesis,and plasma metabolites

Acetate supplementation has been shown to increase milk fat yield in diets with low risk of biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression. The interaction of acetate supplementation with specific dietary factors that modify rumen fermentation and short-chain fatty acid (FA) synthesis has not been investigated. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of acetate supplemented as sodium acetate at 2 dietary fiber levels. Our hypothesis was that acetate would increase milk fat production more in animals fed the low-fiber diet. Twelve lactating multiparous Holstein cows were arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design balanced for carryover effects with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary fiber level and acetate supplementation with 21-d experimental periods. The high-fiber diet had 32% neutral detergent fiber and 21.8% starch, and the low-fiber diet had 29.5% neutral detergent fiber and 28.7% starch created by substitution of forages predominantly for ground corn grain. Acetate was supplemented in the diet at an average 2.8% of dry matter (DM) to provide approximately 10 mol/d of acetate as anhydrous sodium acetate. Acetate supplementation increased DM intake by 6%, with no effect on meal frequency or size. Furthermore, acetate supplementation slightly increased total-tract apparent DM digestibility and tended to increase organic matter digestibility. Acetate supplementation increased milk fat concentration and yield by 8.6 and 10.5%, respectively, but there was no interaction with dietary fiber. The increase in milk fat synthesis was associated with 46 and 85 g/d increases in the yield of de novo (<16C) and mixed source (16C) FA, respectively, with no changes in yield of preformed FA (>16C). There was a 9% increase in the concentration of milk mixed-source FA and a 7% decrease in milk preformed FA with acetate supplementation, regardless of dietary fiber level. Acetate supplementation also increased the concentrations of plasma acetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, major metabolic substrates for mammary lipogenesis. Overall, acetate supplementation increased milk fat yield regardless of dietary fiber level through an increase mostly caused by an increase in longer-chain de novo FA, suggesting stimulation of mammary lipogenesis. The heightened mammary de novo lipogenesis was supported by an increase in the concentration of metabolic substrates in plasma.