PVC复合体系抗静电性能研究

通过改变聚氯乙烯(PVC)/炭黑共混体系和PVC/抗静电剂共混体系中炭黑和抗静电剂的种类、含量、共混时间等,研究其对共混体系的抗静电效果的影响和原因。研究结果表明,随着炭黑含量的增加,PVC制品的导电性能不断增加,而随着抗静电剂用量的增加,PVC制品的导电性能有一最佳值。     

PVC抗静电材料的研究

选用导电炭黑及热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)、丁腈橡胶(P83)等改性剂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)进行抗静电及增韧研究,测试及分析了PVC共混体系的电性能、机械性能及耐热性能。实验结果表明:添加一定量的导电炭黑能明显提高材料的抗静电性能,但其冲击性能也随导电炭黑加入量的增加而下降,通过加入改性剂可改善体系的韧性。PVC/炭黑/TPU体系具有较高的抗静电效果及综合性能。     

氟橡胶复合导电材料性能

研究以氟橡胶为基体树脂,炭黑、石墨和碳纤维为导电填料的导电复合高分子材料中,炭黑、石墨、碳纤维及三者之间的配比和混炼时间对复合材料导电性能和机械性能的影响,制备出体积电阻率小于1Ω·cm的氟橡胶复合导电材料。     

硬质聚氯乙烯/空壳结构导电炭黑复合抗静电材料的研制

用透射电镜 (TEM )和扫描电镜 (SEM )考察了空壳结构导电炭黑 (CB1)及实芯结构导电炭黑 (CB2 )、(CB3)对硬质聚氯乙烯 (PVC U )抗静电性能的影响 ,并对CB1表面处理剂及PVC U/CB1增韧体系进行了研究。结果表明 :采用 5～ 7质量份经表面处理的空壳结构CB1与硬质聚氯乙烯复合可使材料的表面电阻 (RS)小于 3× 10 8Ω ,再辅以阻燃和增韧体系 ,可得到综合性能优良的阻燃、抗静电PVC U材料     

矿用阻燃抗静电塑料性能的研究

分别以聚丙烯(PP)树脂和ABS树脂作为基体材料,加入阻燃剂(溴-锑阻燃体系)、抗静电剂(导电炭黑)和偶联剂(KH-550)制备了矿用阻燃抗静电塑料。通过改变阻燃剂和抗静电剂的配比,考察了阻燃剂和抗静电剂对矿用阻燃抗静电塑料性能的影响,以及阻燃剂和抗静电剂彼此之间的影响。结果表明:溴-锑阻燃体系的加入能提高PP的抗静电性能;导电炭黑的加入会降低PP的阻燃性能;在添加一定量的KH550后,矿用阻燃抗静电塑料在阻燃抗静电性能符合要求情况下,力学性能有了明显提升,保证了制品更能适宜在井下恶劣环境中使用。     

抗静电半硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫的研制

采用导电炭黑及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为复合抗静电剂 ,制备了抗静电半硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫 ,研究了导电炭黑及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵在树脂基体中的添加工艺、用量及材料贮存时间对泡沫体积电阻率及表面电阻率的影响。结果表明 :采用球磨机球磨的方式可以将导电炭黑均匀地分散在聚醚组分中 ;在半硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫的树脂基体中加入复合抗静电剂 ,所制得泡沫的体积电阻率下降为 10 7Ω·m ,表面电阻率下降为 10 10 Ω ,且所制得的泡沫在贮存 2 5a以后仍具有较好的抗静电性能。     

复合材料锚杆成型用环氧树脂基体抗静电及力学性能研究

通过在树脂基体中分别加入抗静电剂(导电炭黑、导电炭纤维)，开发出复合材料锚杆成型用抗静电树脂基体，制备了抗静电及力学性能优异的树脂。研究了不同用量的抗静电剂对树脂浇铸体的表面电阻和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：当加入炭黑≥1.0份时，表面电阻满足矿用锚杆要求(表面电阻≤3×10⁸Ω)，树脂浇铸体的拉伸强度>57 MPa，冲击强度≥28 kJ/m²；当加入炭纤维≥1.0份时，表面电阻满足矿用锚杆要求，树脂浇铸体的拉伸强度>60 MPa，冲击强度≥24 kJ/m²，有较高的力学性能。以炭纤维1.0份配方为研究对象，采用差示扫描量热法和极值法研究了树脂固化反应动力学，固化反应活化能为65.8 kJ/mol。该树脂适用于拉挤成型，可应用于矿用锚杆的制备，制得的锚杆可实现长久性抗静电。     

抗静电剂对软质聚氯乙烯电学性能的影响

在聚氯乙烯(PVC)/邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)中加入抗静电剂SAS93、抗静电剂SN、导电炭黑、乙炔炭黑等助剂,采用熔融共混法制备了抗静电软质PVC片材;采用万能试验机、高绝缘电阻测量仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜研究了抗静电剂种类和组分对PVC片材的力学性能、体积电阻、表面电阻及形貌的影响。结果表明,添加0.5份的抗静电剂SAS93或SN均可使复合材料的体积电阻和表面电阻快速下降到10~7~10~8Ω;与SAS93相比,SN对软质PVC的硬度影响基本一致,SN对复合材料的拉伸性能影响更大;在软质PVC中添加20份的乙炔炭黑或导电炭黑时才能达到体积电阻和表面电阻为10~7~10~8Ω的效果;在添加30份乙炔炭黑或导电炭黑时,软质PVC的体积电阻和表面电阻下降到10~3~10~4Ω;添加20份乙炔炭黑或导电炭黑时,复合材料的表面电阻和体积电阻发生突变,即该炭黑的逾渗阈值为20份。     

PE/CB/EPDM导电复合材料的研究

通过研究不同种类炭黑及基体树脂等对于导电复合材料电性能和力学性能的影响，确立了以HDPE为基材，导电炭黑为填料的导电复合体系。实验结果表明：当EPDM加入量为10－15份时，HDPE／CB／EPDM复合材料具有较好的综合性能。     

PEEK抗静电复合材料的研究

制备了聚醚醚酮/炭黑(PEEK/CB)、聚醚醚酮/碳纤维(PEEK/CF)抗静电复合材料。结果表明,在PEEK/CB复合体系中,炭黑渗滤区含量为3%⁵%,较低的炭黑含量确保了复合材料优异的力学性能;在PEEK/CF复合体系中,碳纤维渗滤区含量为15%5%,较低的炭黑含量确保了复合材料优异的力学性能;在PEEK/CF复合体系中,碳纤维渗滤区含量为15%²0%;扫描电镜(SEM)结果证明:炭黑在PEEK基体中达到纳米级分散,形成空间导电网络结构,这种结构提高了复合材料的抗静电性能。     

PVC防水卷材的配方研究

研究了利用废旧软聚氯乙烯回收料(旧料)生产PVC塑料防水卷材的配方及其对卷材拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,PVC塑料卷材的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随PVC树脂添加比例增加而提高,而相同添加量的SG-3型PVC树脂比SG-5型PVC树脂的拉伸性能高；在试验范围内,增塑剂用量增加,卷材的拉伸强度降低,伸长率先升后降；添加CPE能提高PVC卷材伸长率,但拉伸强度有所下降。当CaCO_3用量低于20份时,卷材的拉伸强度和伸长率随CaCO_3添加量增加而提高。PVC防水卷材的优选配方(质量份)：旧料85份,PVC树脂(SG-3型)15份,DOP 5份,CPE 3份,稳定剂(TLS)0．6份,其它助剂适量。     

Fusion,electrical conductivity,thermal, and mechanical properties of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/carbon black (CB) composites

Rigid and conductive poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/carbon black (CB) composites were prepared in a Haake torque rheometer. The results illustrate that the fusion torque of the PVC/CB composite is increased as the amount of CB is increased. Both the fusion percolation threshold and the fusion time of PVC/CB composites are decreased when the amount of CB is increased. Two major weight loss stages are observed in the TGA curve of PVC/CB composite. The first thermal degradation onset temperature (T_onset1) of PVC/CB composite is decreased as the amount of CB is increased. Both the first and second weight loss stages (ΔY₁ and ΔY₂) of PVC/CB composites are decreased as the amount of CB is increased. The surface resistivity of PVC/CB composite remains almost constant up to 6 parts per hundred unit weight of resin (phr) CB. When the amount of CB in PVC/CB composite is increased from 6 to 15 phr, the surface resistivity of PVC/CB composite is dramatically decreased from 10¹⁰ Ω/sq to 10⁴ Ω/sq. Because of the addition of CB, the rigidity of PVC/CB composite is increased and thus the mechanical properties, such as yield strength, tensile strength, and the Young's modulus, are improved. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

增塑剂DOP在软PVC和PVC/ABS共混物中的应用

研究了增塑剂DOP对聚氯乙烯（商品牌号SG-3，SG-5）及PVC／ABS共混物力学和硬度等性质的影响及其机理。结果表明：由于DOP小分子对高分子链的物理隔离作用，当DOP含量高于30％时，随DOP用量的增加，PVC树脂及PVC／ABS的断裂伸长率明显增大，体系的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和硬度等略微下降。     

悬浮ACR接枝共聚树脂与普通PVC共混树脂性能比较

在相同的实验检测条件下,对比分析了悬浮ACR接枝共聚树脂与PVC SG-5、PVC SG-5和抗冲改性剂CPE(或ACM)共混树脂基本物理力学性能、流变性能等的差异。比较结果表明,悬浮ACR接枝共聚树脂更具有优势。     

新型引发剂在70m3聚氯乙烯聚合装置上的应用

在70m3聚合釜上使用阿科玛引发剂Luperox701M70替代P355生产SG-8型树脂。替代后,树脂质量得到了提升,所得制品的光泽度好,耐“黄变”性能好;批量生产后,产品优等品率由原来的82％提高到87％,并较大幅度的降低了生产成本。Luperox701M70可较好的替代P355进行SG-8型树脂的生产。     

The influence of two‐stage variable temperature suspension polymerization on polyvinyl chloride resin: The molecular chain segment structure and thermal stability

The suspension polymerization of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was carried out at two different constant temperature conditions (52.5°C and 57.5°C) and at two‐stage variable temperature conditions (52.5–57.5°C). The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The unstable chlorine content, total double bond content, and conjugated diene content were explored via phenol substitution, catalytic bromine addition, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). pH meter and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used for the determination of the thermal stability. According to the results, due to the gradual consumption of the impurities and the effect of the local high temperature in the early stage of polymerization, which caused more molecular chain‐transfer and more structural defects, a large number of oligomers generated. A rapid increase in the molecular weight could be found until the conversion was close to 23%. A lower temperature should be conducive to reducing the structural defects in molecular segments. Based on these observations, we applied two‐stage variable temperature polymerization and compared the PVC resin at a similar molecular weight at a constant temperature of 56°C. The PVC resin produced by the two‐stage variable temperature polymerization process obtained a similar Polydispersity index (PDI), reduced the unstable chlorine content by 15.11%, reduced the total double bond structure content by 8.81%, reduced the conjugated diene structure content by 13.86%, and increased the thermal stability time by 13.91%, thereby improving the thermal stability of the PVC resin. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E80–E87, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Rheological behavior and thermal properties of poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐2‐ethylhexyl acrylate)‐grafted vinyl chloride resin

The rheological behavior and thermal properties of a poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐2‐ethylhexyl acrylate) [P(BA‐EHA)]‐grafted vinyl chloride (VC) composite resin [P(BA‐EHA)/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)] and its materials were investigated. The rheological behavior, thermal stability, and Vicat softening temperature (VST) of P(BA‐EHA)/PVC were measured with capillary rheometry, thermal analysis, and VST testing, respectively. The effects of the P(BA‐EHA) content and the polymerization temperature of grafted VC on the rheological behavior of the composite resin were examined. The weight loss of the composite resin and its extracted remainder via heating were analyzed. The influence of the content and crosslinking degree of P(BA‐EHA) and the polymerization temperature of the grafted VC on VST of the materials was determined. The results indicated the pseudoplastic‐flow nature of the composite resin. The flow property of the modified PVC resin was improved because of the incorporation of the acrylate polymer. The molecular weight of PVC greatly influenced the flow behavior and VST of the composite resin and its materials. The flowability of the composite resin markedly increased, and the VST of its materials decreased as the polymerization temperature of the grafted VC increased. The initial degradation temperature of the composite resin increased as the P(BA‐EHA) content increased. The VST of the samples was enhanced a little as the content of the crosslinking agent increased in P(BA‐EHA). As expected, the composite resin, with good impact resistance, had better heating stability and flowability than pure PVC, whereas the VST of the material decreased little with increasing P(BA‐EHA) content. Therefore, P(BA‐EHA)/PVC resins prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization have excellent potential for widespread applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 419–426, 2005     

氯化聚氯乙烯的制备及重要性能比较

将SG-3、SG-5、SG-8三种型号的PVC通过水相悬浮法分别氯化得到四种氯含量不同的产品,然后重点考察增塑剂吸收量随着氯含量改变的变化规律及最终产品的热性能比较,最后得出结论：（1）随着氯含量的增加,SG-3PVC树脂氯化后CPVC产品的增塑剂吸收量逐渐减小;SG-5PVC树脂氯化后CPVC产品的增塑剂吸收量先减小后增大;SG-8PVC树脂氯化后CPVC产品的增塑剂吸收量先增大后减小最后又增大。（2）随着氯含量的增加,三种原料氯化后产品树脂颗粒的粒径都逐渐增大,只是增大幅度变化不同。     

Phenolic resol resin from phenolated corn bran and its characteristics

To prepare phenolic resol resin, corn bran (CB) was liquefied in the presence of phenol and the liquefied CB was condensed with formaldehyde under alkaline condition. From NMR spectra of phenolated CB and phenolated CB–based resol resin, it was found that phenol was reacted with depolymerized CB components and the phenolated CB was methylolated by condensation with formaldehyde. Molecular weight distribution was divided into a high molecular weight zone, attributed mainly to phenolated CB, and a low molecular weight zone, which was attributed to the condensation reactants of formaldehyde and the unreacted phenol of liquefied CB. When reaction conditions became severe, a high molecular weight zone was increased. Formaldehyde/unreacted phenol of liquefied CB molar ratio most affected the change of a low molecular weight zone. To reduce the viscosity of the phenolated CB–based resol resin, a milder condensation condition was required compared with that for preparing the conventional resol resin. Properties of the resol resin were comparable to those of conventional resol resin for plywood manufacture. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1365–1370, 2003     

摩尔质量对软质PVC/EP树脂复合材料性能的影响

以环氧树脂(EP)为改性剂,研究了三种不同摩尔质量软质聚氯乙烯(S-PVC)的力学性能,考察了EP含量,后热处理等条件对S-PVC/EP复合材料性能的影响。实验结果表明:EP能有效降低S-PVC的压缩永久变形;后热处理使得EP进一步固化,有利于压缩永久变形的降低;随着PVC摩尔质量的增加,S-PVC/EP复合材料的力学性能提高。