The networks of tropical architecture

The concept of tropical architecture is one that was constructed in the 1950s to link the work of modernist practitioners in a number of locations outside the West. Tropical architecture has been represented as a form of critical regionalism, in that it offers a language based in the conditions of the non-western world. While this may be true of the movement in the Americas, in the case of the British colonies of West Africa tropical architecture was located within the networks of modernist and colonial culture as much as it was place bound. Tropical architecture was established in the metropolitan architectural circles of the 1950s through the use of the term in books and journals, a conference and a course of specialisation in London. These forms of support assisted architects to create modern architecture in far-flung sites, under difficult conditions. Despite this enmeshment of the peripheral sites of practice with the colonial metropolis through communications, tropical architecture was seen as something other than colonial architecture. The changing political and economic opportunities at the end of the colonial period prompted architects to develop a post-colonial identity for architecture, which was done through the representation of their approach as one that could transcend national boundaries. Tropical Architecture in the Humid Zones , by Fry and Drew explicitly offers support for an imaginary architect who comes from a generic tropical zone. The influence of the metropolis on the culture of tropical architecture remained significant, even after independence. While the consistency of approaches that marked the work of the 1950s has been replaced by a multiplicity of attitudes to design, the contemporary literature, curricula and research on African architecture share an emphasis on its climatic conditions. This content, in turn, ties the approach to authoritative sources in the West, giving it an identity that links the local and the global in complex and interdependent ways.     

古建筑、近代建筑、历史建筑和文物建筑析义探讨

古代建筑、近代建筑、历史建筑和文物建筑是相近并容易混淆的几个概念,它们之间相互交叉但又相互区别,具有不同的内涵、外延和价值性,对它们的正确认识对在当今城市建设和历史文化名城的开发和保护利用有重要意义。     

建筑学专业园林景观设计课程教学改革

园林景观设计是园林类专业的重要课程。由于建筑学专业学生的知识体系与就业方向不同于园林专业学生,因此建筑学专业园林景观设计课程的教学目标与教学内容应有别于园林专业而突出专业特点。建筑学专业园林景观设计课程教学目标:一是培养学生的园林景观设计素养,使其在建筑设计中重视建筑与景观的融合;二是学习、借鉴中国古典园林设计方法,提高学生的建筑设计水平。教学设计作业一般有中国古典园林空间分析与建筑外环境景观设计。     

浅析生态建筑观在建筑设计中的运用

简要介绍当代生态建筑的概念及生态建筑在建筑设计中的设计重点和常用手法，指出建筑师必须处理好环境建筑、经济效益三者之间的关系。     

木结构建筑的样式演变

对木结构建筑的发展历史进行了分析,对原始社会,封建社会以及近现代木结构建筑的样式演变进行了论述,探讨了现代防腐技术以及BIM技术在木质建筑行业的应用方法,结合木质建材的文化内涵,对它的形式演变进行了研究。     

谈交通建筑改扩建设计

简述了铁路客站站区的发展经历了膨胀、衰落、复兴几个阶段，剖析历史、面向未来，对铁路客站改扩建进行了深层的分析，提出了新的设计思路及新的美学思想，通过对三个特大型客站分析，提出了城市设计、整体环境、历史对话、节奏对比及强调生态环境、采用高新技术等设计思路。     

未来建筑的历史

历史上对未来建筑的构想组成了一部探寻梦想的建筑史,蕴涵了人类对理想社会和物质能力的追求。本文探讨历史上的未来建筑构想,并以编年史的方式对20世纪的未来建筑进行梳理,提出未来建筑与城市设想的产生原因。研究未来建筑的历史为了指向新的世纪,因此文章总结出当代未来建筑的发展趋势。     

建筑的符号意义

研究了建筑符号表达的多种含义,介绍了文丘里提出的“鸭子”和装饰性庇护所两种不同类型建筑的符号意义,探讨了符号意义的局限性,指出人们应当理性地看待符号在建筑中的地位,并在符号运用上提倡创新,对丰富建筑风格具有积极作用。     

初解建筑的视觉语言

在分析人的视觉生理特征的基础上,从视觉的调整、转化和组织三方面探讨了建筑中的视觉语言,提出了建筑心理学的任务和内容,为人们从建筑造型中获得对建筑艺术的审美知觉打下了良好的理论基础。     

城市建筑文脉

从不同侧面分析了城市建筑文脉的显性及隐性因素,探讨如何传承城市建筑文脉及创造具有特色的城市建筑,通过对城市文脉显性因素和隐性因素的深入分析,有助于人们对城市文脉的理解及把握,同时有助于城市特色的创造。     

浅谈建筑学专业教育的特色

所谓特色是事物所表现出来的独特的色彩、风格等 ,是一种事物区别于其他事物的独有的特征。建筑学科和建筑教育的特点决定了特色建设尤为重要。 2 0 0 0年深圳会议上傅雯娟副部长讲了建筑教育三个层面的特色建设问题 ,一是如何办出中国建筑教育特色 ;二是各个学校如何根据各校实际情况 ,办出各个学校自己的特色 ;三是如何加强学生的创新能力的培养。在某种意义上讲 ,一个学校办得有没有特色 ,主要看这个学校有没有几个有特色的学科。 2 0 0 1年新疆会议上我从建筑学学科特点出发 ,讲了建筑学学科的三个特色 ,即建筑学科的职业性、综合性和创…     

建筑荒诞的语调

人们诉说的"荒诞语调",以往戏言极不寻常、极不确切的事物与事理.     

The organisational architecture of megaprojects

This research explores the formation and evolution of the organisational architecture in megaprojects. We introduce the Project System Organisation (PSO) conceptual framework, which charts the architecture of megaproject organising, from intra- to inter-organisational design, and ultimately to system-level design. The PSO identifies the multiple and evolving actors across the multi-level and multi-layer megaproject system and defines four roles often used to label the client in megaprojects: owner, sponsor, client, and partner. Six megaprojects that currently represent a combined investment of more than £100 Bn have been analysed through 171 interviews in the United Kingdom: High Speed One, Heathrow Airport Terminal 5, London 2012 Olympics, Crossrail, Thames Tideway Tunnel, and High Speed Two. The PSO provides a structure to design megaproject delivery models and prototype the configuration of inter-organisational relationships. We suggest designing megaprojects as dynamic production systems, decomposing and integrating the organisational boundaries of the system in the evolving architecture.     

一首洋溢着地域建筑文化的石头与建筑之歌--访英国石头城爱丁堡古城随想

对英国石头城爱丁堡古城的建筑设计，从充分利用地形、地貌建城，利用石头的肌理、特点等方面进行了介绍，充分体现了山体的结合之美，为设计者与建造者对石材的理解与运用提供了参考。     

绿色建筑理念在工业建筑领域的拓展

基于绿色建筑的定义与发展现状,从建筑选址、节能、节水、节材、环境营造等方面,阐述了绿色建筑理念在工业建筑中的应用,对推动绿色建筑的发展壮大有一定的意义。     

Tropical Architecture and the West Indies: from military advances and tropical medicine,to Robert Gardner-Medwin and the networks of tropical modernism

The history of modern Tropical Architecture has largely focused on the region of West Africa, however this paper demonstrates that additional strains were being developed elsewhere, preceding the African examples. Indeed, Tropical Architecture, far from being a mid-twentieth century phenomenon, has a much longer history, stretching back into the colonial settlements of the eighteenth century and continued by the tropical medicine contributions of the early twentieth century, particularly in the British West Indies. This paper considers some of these early examples, before investigating the work produced by Robert Gardner-Medwin, along with his small team that included Leo De Syllas and Gordon Cullen, during the Second World War in the West Indies. Their work there as part of the ‘development and welfare’ programme was considered, ‘building research’, concerned with materials, pragmatic decisions and housing, and, whilst it was unacknowledged at the time, was clearly indebted to the earlier military and hygiene models. Nevertheless, the work they undertook was highly influential in the development of modern tropical architecture, and in particular the buildings that were later produced in West Africa: it helped to formalise this canon, and unified the previously fragmented and disparate out-workings of the Metropolis. Gardner-Medwin, therefore, can be considered an agent of Empire, a key-player in the extension of British architects operating as the knowledge makers, not only in the period of colonial rule, but crucially, afterwards. This is further manifest through his involvement in UN housing missions to South East Asia and his contribution to the Tropical Architecture Conference held at University College, London, in 1953.     

岭南建筑与武大古典校园建筑的融合

通过对武汉大学文、法学院新区规划与建筑设计的研究，从整体布局、建筑设计和文化融合三个方面，探讨岭南建筑如何实现与武汉大学原有建筑群的相融、相生。     

Tropical Architecture and the West Indies: from military advances and tropical medicine,to Robert Gardner-Medwin and the networks of tropical modernism

The history of modern Tropical Architecture has largely focused on the region of West Africa, however this paper demonstrates that additional strains were being developed elsewhere, preceding the African examples. Indeed, Tropical Architecture, far from being a mid-twentieth century phenomenon, has a much longer history, stretching back into the colonial settlements of the eighteenth century and continued by the tropical medicine contributions of the early twentieth century, particularly in the British West Indies. This paper considers some of these early examples, before investigating the work produced by Robert Gardner-Medwin, along with his small team that included Leo De Syllas and Gordon Cullen, during the Second World War in the West Indies. Their work there as part of the ‘development and welfare’ programme was considered, ‘building research’, concerned with materials, pragmatic decisions and housing, and, whilst it was unacknowledged at the time, was clearly indebted to the earlier military and hygiene models. Nevertheless, the work they undertook was highly influential in the development of modern tropical architecture, and in particular the buildings that were later produced in West Africa: it helped to formalise this canon, and unified the previously fragmented and disparate out-workings of the Metropolis. Gardner-Medwin, therefore, can be considered an agent of Empire, a key-player in the extension of British architects operating as the knowledge makers, not only in the period of colonial rule, but crucially, afterwards. This is further manifest through his involvement in UN housing missions to South East Asia and his contribution to the Tropical Architecture Conference held at University College, London, in 1953.