Reaction mechanism in high Nb containing TiA1 alloy by elemental powder metallurgy

High Nb containing TiAl alloy was fabricated in argon atmosphere by reactive hot pressing process. Reaction mechanism was investigated by means ofmicrostructural analyses and thermodynamic calculations. The results show that it is feasible to prepare high Nb containing TiAl alloy with fine lamellar colonies by reactive hot pressing process. The reaction between Ti and Al powders is dominant in Ti-Al-Nb system. Nb powders dissolve into the Ti-Al matrix by diffusion. Pore nests are formed in situ after Nb powders diffusion. The hot pressing atmosphere is optimized by thermodynamic calculations. Vacuum or argon protective atmosphere should be adopted.     

热锻开坯对高铌TiAl合金微观组织的影响

采用热等静压技术处理了高铌TiAl合金铸锭,对直径为115 mm的高铌TiAl合金铸锭在1150～1300℃进行了热锻开坯.结果表明:热等静压处理后的高铌TiAl合金由大量粗大的α2/γ片层晶粒和少量的γ等轴晶、B2相等组成,晶粒度约为80～150μm;通过变形量为75%的2次锻造成形后锻饼表面和内部质量较为完好,没有出现裂纹和太多的氧化现象;铸态粗大片层组织在变形后基本破碎,晶粒得到明显细化.     

粉末冶金制备TiAl合金研究进展

轻质高强耐高温的TiAl合金一直是备受瞩目的先进结构材料,在航空航天、汽车等领域应用潜力巨大。但TiAl合金热加工性差,采用传统方法热成形难度大。而粉末冶金由于近净成形的特点,在制备复杂TiAl合金零部件上具有显著优势。近年来,科研工作者在TiAl合金粉末烧结技术上展开了大量工作,并取得一定进步。本文结合TiAl合金粉末成形技术的国内外发展现状,综述了放电等离子烧结(SPS)、热等静压、热压烧结、喷射成形、金属注射成形等方法制备TiAl合金的工艺、显微组织、力学性能和零部件,论述了上述制备方法的特点以及目前存在的不足,并提出了粉末冶金成形TiAl合金零部件的建议与未来发展方向。     

粉末冶金TiAl合金排气门的研制

利用元素粉末冶金方法制备了TiAl合金排气阀。为提高排气门杆部的致密度、均匀度 ,设计了特有的径向热压工艺 ,并从理论上分析了与该工艺相关的压坯密度、致密化和应力变化规律。制备出高径比为 10 .7,密度为 3.79g/cm3 的粉末冶金TiAl合金汽车发动机排气门     

粉末冶金TiAl基合金排气阀的制备及性能

研究了粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金柴油机排气阀的近型成形技术。其要点为：采用元素粉末支元素Ｔｉ,Ａｌ粉末为主要原料,道德在刚模中冷压成排气阀菌部;然后在真空热压炉中,通过准等静压工艺,同时实现ＴｉＡｌ基合金的反应合成与近型成形,最后通过真空扩散联接工艺,使粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金菌部与铸态ＴｉＡｌ基合金杆部联接成完整的排气阀零件。通过发动机台架的初步试验表明,所制备的粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金排气阀表现出良好     

Nb含量对铸造高铝TiAl合金高温强度和室温塑性的影响

研究了Nb含量对铸造高铝Ti Al合金高温强度和室温塑性的影响。结果表明,合金900℃的抗拉强度随Nb含量的增加先升高后降低,Nb含量在4%~9%(原子分数)之间的高铝合金表现出优异的高温强度水平,其中7%Nb合金最高,达587 MPa。分析认为,在高Nb合金化固溶强化的基础上,Al/Ti反位缺陷造成的强化效应、层片组织处于拉伸硬取向以及应变诱发的形变孪晶强化也有可能是高Nb含量高铝铸造Ti Al合金900℃具有优异强度水平的重要机制。合金室温塑性随Nb含量的增加而呈线性下降,由2%Nb合金的1.2%降为9%Nb合金的0.3%,这可能是由于B2相随Nb含量的增加而显著增加所致。     

双态组织高Nb-TiAl合金的缺口敏感性

通过对圆棒状缺口试样和无缺口光滑试样进行单向拉伸试验,研究了双态组织高Nb-TiAl合金的缺口敏感性。研究表明,缺口根半径R≥0.5 mm的U型试样和缺口角度60°、R≥1 mm的V型试样的抗拉强度RmN都大于光滑试样的抗拉强度Rm,缺口敏感度NSR均大于1,合金对缺口不敏感。当缺口类型相同时,缺口敏感性随缺口根半径R的减小而增大;V型缺口敏感性大于U型缺口;对于V型缺口试样,当R=0.5 mm时,其NSR在0.98~1.03之间,RmN在Rm附近波动,易出现缺口敏感。     

高速凝固粉末冶金铝合金(2)

本篇是全文的第二部分,评述国内外工业高速凝固粉末冶金铝合金的发展状况,其中包括:各种高速凝固粉末冶金铝-锂合金的成分和性能,以及它们的制备工艺,重点评述了高模量、高强度铝-锂-铍合金的特点及其应用;各种高速凝固粉末冶金铝-铁耐热合金的成分和性能,重点评述了铝-铁-铈合金和铝-铁-钒-硅合金的特性。     

铸造高铌TiAl合金的热变形能力研究

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对高铌TiAl合金进行等温热压缩试验,研究其热压缩变形的流变应力行为.压缩试验的形变温度为900～1250℃,形变速率为5×10-4～1s-1,工程压缩应变为50%和80%.用Zenner-Hollomon参数的指数函数能较好地描述该合金高温变形时的流变应力行为;所获得的峰值应力热变形方程为Op=197.61n{(Z/9.59×1015)0.285+[(Z/9.59×1015)0.570+1]1/2},其变形激活能为(497±49)kJ/mol.本研究还给出了铸造高铌TiAl合金热变形抗力图.     

Simulation of Microstructure for Hot Pack-Forging of a High Nb Containing TiAl Alloy

利用Deform-3D软件对高铌TiAl合金包套锻造过程中的微观组织演变进行模拟。为得到模拟所需参数,在1100～1250℃和0.001～0.5 s-1的条件下对合金进行了热压缩试验。在所得试验数据的基础上,利用一种间接方法建立了合金的动态再结晶模型,并利用Avrami形式的方程对再结晶分数进行描述。采用Cingara硬化模型及所建立的再结晶分数模型构建了合金的流变应力本构模型。模拟结果显示,由于锻造过程中摩擦的存在、热量的损失以及简单单向镦粗变形的锻造方式,使得坯料中的微观组织分布不均匀。通过模拟结果与实验结果的比较,证明所建立的有限元模型能够有效地预测高铌TiAl合金在包套锻造过程中的组织演变。     

Preparation of TiAl alloy powder by high-energy ball milling and diffusion reaction at low temperature

In this paper, TiAl alloy powders were prepared successfully by high-energy ball milling and diffusion reaction in vacuum at low temperature. The titanium powder, aluminum powder, and titanium hydride powder were used as raw materials. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), and differential thermal analysis(DTA). The results show that the alloy powders with the main intermetallic compounds of TiAl are obtained using Ti-Al powders and TiH_2-Al powders after heated for 2 h at 500 ℃,3 h at 600 ℃,and 3 h at 750 ℃,respectively.The average grain sizes of alloy powder are about 45 and20 μm with irregular shape, respectively. The prepared TiAl alloy powders are relatively pure, and the average quality content of oxygen in the alloy powders is0.33 wt%. The forming process of alloy powder contains both the diffusion reaction of Ti and Al,which gives priority to the diffusion reaction of aluminum.     

高铌TiAl高温合金的研究现状与展望

高铌TiAl高温合金是一种具有发展前途的新一代高温结构材料,合金化元素铌的添加能够显著提高γ-TiAl合金的工程应用。文章首先综述了高铌TiAl合金的性能特点和应用前景,并简单介绍了该合金的最新基础研究情况,随后介绍了制备高铌TiAl合金的基本工艺。最后论述了国内外高铌TiAl高温合金的发展历史和趋势。     

Diffusion behavior of Nb element in high Nb containing TiAl Alloys by reactive hot pressing

Diffusion behavior of Nb in elemental powder metallurgy high Nb containing TiAl alloys was investigated. The results show that Nb element dissolves into the matrix by diffusion. Pore nests are formed in situ after Nb diffusion. With the increase in hot pressing temperature, the diffusion of Nb will be more sufficient, and the microstructure is more homogeneous. Nb element diffuses completely at 1400℃. Meanwhile, compression deformation and agglomeration phenomena of pores are observed in some pore nests. Hot isostatic pressing （HIP） treatment can only efficiently decrease but not eliminate porosity completely.     

Preparation ofAZ91 alloy by powder metallurgy method

Magnesium alloy AZ91 was prepared by powder metallurgy method, and the effect of sintering temperature on the densities and microstructures of the alloys was investigated. The results show that tight control of the sintering temperature within a narrow range around the liquidus level generates structures with high integrity and reduces some of the disadvantages caused by the higher temperatures. The matrix consists of α-Mg grains/cells surrounds by discontinuous precipitates of Mg17Al12 intermetallics which are normally located at the grain boundaries and triple junction.     

高Nb-TiAl合金定向凝固研究现状及展望

高Nb-TiAl合金具有高比强和优异的高温性能,是TiAl合金向800℃以上应用发展的重要方向,其定向组织合金作为叶片材料在高推重比发动机中具有巨大的应用潜力。以传统TiAl合金定向凝固为背景论述了高Nb-TiAl合金定向凝固的研究现状。首先介绍了定向凝固方法和模壳材料发展,然后对高Nb-TiAl合金定向凝固宏观组织、界面形态和片层特征控制进行了评述,接着简要阐述了冷坩埚定向凝固制备高Nb-TiAl合金的相关工作,进一步对定向组织高Nb-TiAl合金的力学性能进行了分析。最后,展望了高Nb-TiAl合金定向凝固的发展方向。     

大尺寸高铌钛铝合金铸锭的组织

通过金相、扫描电镜、投射电镜、X-射线和能谱等方法对真空自耗 真空自耗凝壳复合熔炼工艺制备的Ti-45%Al-(8～9)%Nb-(W,B,Y)(原子分数)合金大尺寸铸锭的组织进行了分析。结果表明,铸锭组织是由表面细小均匀和大部分存在微观偏析的γ/α2片层团和少量分布于片层团间的γ和β(B2)晶粒组成的近层片组织(NL)。大部分组织含有明显的γ聚集区,片层团的尺寸为75μm,平均片层厚度为700nm。β以不规则形状存在于片层团间或以片状和块状存在于片层团内。另外有大量长达60μm的棒状和针状硼化物。     

Phase Evolution of Diffusion Bonding Interface between High Nb Containing TiAl Alloy and Ni-Cr-W Superalloy

在1000 ℃-50 MPa-60 min条件下对高Nb-TiAl和Ni-Cr-W高温合金进行了扩散连接,通过光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对扩散连接界面处显微组织及相组成进行了分析。研究结果表明,未添加中间层时,高Nb-TiAl合金/Ni-Cr-W高温合金扩散连接接头处的相组成为γ-TiAl、Ni2AlTi、Ni3Ti、(NiCr)ss 相、γ 相。而高Nb-TiAl合金/Ti/Cu/Ni-Cr-W高温合金扩散连接接头处的相组成为Ti3Al、Tiss、Ti2Ni、rich Cu-NiAlTi、α2-Wss、Ni2AlTi、(NiCr)ss 相、γ相。此外,由于Cr和W的扩散速度较慢,Cr和W原子主要偏聚在靠近Ni-Cr-W高温合金的区域。Ti/Cu箔的加入有利于界面处元素的扩散和反应,可以有效避免微裂纹的产生。     

Microstructural evolution in high Nb containing TiAl alloys by reactive hot pressing

High Nb containing TiAl alloys with nominal composition of Ti-45Al-9（Nb, W, B） were fabricated at different hot pressing temperatures. The experimental results show that the microstructure of alloys hot pressed at 1300 ℃ is inhomogeneous, for lots of particulate substances containing Ti3Al phase and Nb powders dispersed in TiAl phase matrix. At 1 350 ℃, only a few lamellar colonies form and the diffusion of Nb element is incomplete. With the increase of hot pressing temperature, the mierostrueture will be more homogeneous. However, borides appear at higher sintering temperature. Meanwhile, the microstructure becomes coarse at 1 500 ℃. 1 400 ℃ will be an appropriate hot pressing temperature for reaction synthesis of high Nb containing TiAl alloys consisting of fully lamellar （FL） microstructure with the colony size of 30-80 μm. Nb element dissolves into the Ti-Al matrix by diffusion. Pore nests form in situ after Nb powders diffusion.