水葫芦发酵产气潜力的实验研究

介绍了以水葫芦为实验原料，在25℃环境下，采用批量发酵的工艺，进行发酵产沼气实验。实验结果表明，水葫芦可以作为沼气发酵原料，其产沼气潜力为634mL／gTS或834mL／gVS。     

菠萝皮厌氧发酵产沼气的研究

介绍了以菠萝皮为原料,在25℃恒温条件下,采用批量发酵工艺,进行发酵产沼气实验,实验结果表明,菠萝皮可以作为沼气发酵原料,未加碱时产沼气潜力为574.81 mL/gTS,604.30mL/gVS,甲烷含量51.34%;而加碱时产沼气潜力为568.66 mL/gTS,597.84 mL/gVS,甲烷含量52.96%。     

荷叶发酵产沼气的研究

以荷叶为原料对其发酵产沼气进行了研究。以稻草秸秆为对照,活性污泥为接种物,对荷叶厌氧发酵产沼气的能力进行了评估,并研究了荷叶对稻草秸秆发酵产沼气的影响。荷叶在37℃条件下发酵35 d,沼气产气量为167.0 mL/g,沼气中甲烷含量为65.72%,分别高出稻草秸秆15.57%,12.25%。荷叶与稻草秸秆按1∶1进行混合发酵时沼气产气率为184.5 mL/g,沼气中甲烷含量为70.68%,分别高出稻草秸秆27.68%,20.72%。荷叶发酵前后TS,VS含量变化分别为3.77%,15.17%,发酵前后pH维持在7左右。结果表明,荷叶在沼气生产上有很大潜力。     

汽爆玉米秸秆乙醇发酵残留物产甲烷特性研究

为阐明木质纤维素原料乙醇发酵残留物产甲烷的能力,以汽爆玉米秸秆为原料进行高底物浓度同步糖化发酵(SSF)产乙醇,并将乙醇发酵残留物、发酵残留物上清及固体部分分别进行产甲烷潜力实验。研究结果表明,汽爆玉米秸秆同步糖化发酵底物浓度达到30%(w/w),乙醇浓度为48.9g/L。发酵残留物产甲烷潜力为46mL CH_4/g底物,上清部分产甲烷潜力为12mL CH_4/g底物,固体部分产甲烷潜力达到286mL CH_4/g底物,从而证明高底物浓度汽爆玉米秸秆乙醇发酵残留物具有较好的产甲烷潜力。     

玉米秸秆与猪粪混合发酵产沼气及其细菌解析

以总固体1∶1的玉米秸秆和猪粪为混合原料,采用10 L厌氧反应器进行批式全混中温沼气发酵,并利用454焦磷酸测序法测定混合发酵过程中细菌群落变化。结果表明:预处理玉米秸秆和猪粪混合沼气发酵启动迅速,在第4天达到产气高峰,容积产气率为1.17 L/(L·d),46 d原料沼气产率为356.55 m L/g VS。该混合发酵系统中共有23~27门细菌,其中优势菌群为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。发酵期内的Shannon指数在4.88~5.53之间,说明发酵期内细菌多样性比较稳定。     

新建沼气池稻草产气的简要操作法

介绍了新建沼气池用稻草作发酵原料产沼气的操作方法.针对农村沼气用户缺少发酵原料,用“绿秸灵”加碳酸氢铵等处理稻草,替代人畜粪便作为沼气发酵原料.稻草产沼气技术操作简单、原料广泛、产气充分、技术成熟,为发酵原料缺乏的沼气用户提供了一条可靠且有效的解决途径.     

水葫芦汁中温沼气发酵的实验研究

以鲜水葫芦汁为原料,在30℃恒温下,采用批量发酵工艺,进行发酵产沼气实验,测定发酵产沼气与时间的关系.实验结果表明,鲜水葫芦汁COD的降解率达到86%;鲜水葫芦汁发酵在第10天后达到稳定值,并持续产气25 d;对发酵过程中所产气体进行分析,发现甲烷含量最高能达到60%左右.因此,水葫芦是一种良好的发酵原料.     

勿忘我花杆发酵产沼气潜力的实验研究

为研究勿忘我花杆的产沼气潜力和特性,实验设计对照组（120 mL接种物）和实验组（120 mL接种物 + 27 g勿忘我花杆）,在30℃恒温条件下,采用全混合批量式发酵工艺,进行厌氧发酵产沼气的实验。结果表明,实验组沼气发酵历时36 d,净产气量为1 650 mL,计算得出勿忘我花杆的产气潜力为359 mL/(g•TS),393 mL/(g•VS)。     

3MW集中式热电肥联产沼气工程设计与建设

山东民和牧业股份有限公司利用所属23家养殖场的鸡粪和污水作为沼气发酵原料,投资建设大型畜禽养殖场集中式沼气发电工程.原料经水解除砂工艺将鸡粪中的砂砾除去,保证发酵效率;采用中温(38 ℃)发酵工艺,产沼气30 000 m3/d;采用高效率低运行成本的生物脱硫工艺,将沼气中的H2S含量降至200×10-6以下;经净化的沼气在双膜干式贮气柜中贮存,供给热电联产的发电机组使用.发电量60 000 kWh/d,机组余热用于冬季发酵系统自身增温;发酵后的沼液用作周围葡萄、苹果及玉米地的有机肥料.项目实现了温室气体减排84882tCO2当量.文章介绍了该沼气发电工程的工艺特点和技术要点,为同类型沼气发电工程设计和建设提供参考.     

沼气工程技术讲座(二) 沼气工程平稳高效运行条件和技术措施

1沼气发酵基本条件(1)严格的厌氧环境产甲烷菌只能在严格的厌氧环境中生长,所以,要求沼气池或沼气发酵罐严格密闭、不漏水、不漏气。这不仅是收集沼气和贮存沼气发酵原料的需要,也是保证沼气微生物在厌氧的生态条件下正常产气的需要。(2)碳氮比适宜的发酵原料沼气发酵原料是维持沼气微生物生命活动和产生沼     

尿素预处理对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气特性影响及动力学分析

针对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气过程中难降解问题,选用尿素对玉米秸秆进行预处理,并进行批次厌氧发酵产沼气试验研究.结果表明:经过45 d厌氧发酵,累积产气量最高为757.83 mL/g VS,最低为588.64 mL/g VS,厌氧发酵进行到25 d时达到45 d累积产气量的85％.分析联合预处理对累积沼气产气量影响得出,尿...     

Dry anaerobic fermentation of agricultural residues

The dry anaerobic fermentation plays an important role in the field of bioengineering, especially in the production of energy (biogas) and organic fertilizer. Meanwhile the pollution effect of the solid wastes are decreased. Dry anaerobic fermentations of different organic solid wastes were studied. These included cotton stalks, treated cotton stalks, corn stalks, rice straw, and water hyacinth. The effect of the initial solid concentration, temperature, starter, and buffer additives on dry anaerobic fermentation on biogas production rate and yield has been studied.     

沼液对甜玉米幼苗素质、产量和品质影响的试验研究

试验研究了沼液浸种、沼液喷施和沼液追肥对甜玉米幼苗素质、产量及品质的影响。结果表明．沼液浸种能增强甜玉米的幼苗素质,根鲜重和干重分别比干播增加13．92％和15．71％,全株鲜重和干重分别比干播增加14．81％和6．37％。处理2（沼液浸种）和处理3（沼液喷施）分别比处理1（对照）增产5．37％,11．75％。沼液处理改善了甜玉米的内在品质,处理4（沼液浸种＋沼液追肥＋沼液喷施）的糖／酸和固／酸最大,分别比处理1（对照）增加74．0％,52．7％。沼液处理的籽粒中的钙和铁含量降低,磷、镁和锰含量升高;沼液浸种可促进籽粒对大多数元素的吸收。     

Experimental investigation on the production of biogas from waste food

The production of biogas has been a substantial target to be utilized globally, especially in the agricultural sector. Most organic waste that is being produced from other forms of renewable energy systems is mainly used to reduce greenhouse emission (GHG), which as well reduces the daily consumption of fossil fuels. Anaerobic Digestion (AD) has been studied widely in recent years where its implementation in the industry has seen a mitigating impact on greenhouse gases. Unrestricted discharge of the big amount of waste food (WF) has become the main effect of severe environmental pollution worldwide. Among the various treatment methods, anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste food allows its valorization and the biogas produced can be used as biofuel enhancing the gas supply. In this study, a mechanical pre-treatment with Hollander beater has been applied to break down the particle size of waste food in the way to increase feedstock specific surface areas in other to enhance biogas production. Following, the pre-treatment of waste food during 30 min beating time, the biogas yield achieved a value of about 610.33 ml/gTS. Accordingly, a response surface methodology (RSM) can be used to critically evaluate the effects of process parameter (beating time and temperature) to the output response (biogas production). Pre-treated waste food by Hollander beater at beating time of 30 min enhances biogas production by 80%. An optimum biogas yield was achieved with pre-treatment of waste food at a beating time of 30 min.     

三种能源草厌氧发酵制备生物燃气初步研究

以华南地区生长的多年生草本植物象草、芒草和五节芒为原料,采用序批式中温（35 ± 1℃）厌氧发酵工艺,研究这三种能源草制备生物燃气的性能。结果表明：象草、芒草和五节芒的最高日产气率分别为31.33、24.84和19.51 Nml•(gVSadded)−1•d−1,原料产气率分别为355.78、285.58和235.38 Nml•(gVSadded)−1,产甲烷率分别为166.43、109.89和97.20 Nml•(gVSadded)−1,占理论产甲烷率的33.83%、21.67%和19.48%,象草的厌氧发酵性能优于芒草和五节芒的主要原因是象草中纤维素、半纤维素等易降解的有机物含量较高。修正的Gompertz方程拟合效果较好,象草、芒草和五节芒的累积产气量分别为344.81、290.11和279.01 Nml•(gVSadded)−1,延滞期分别为5.96、0.71和0 d。     

Co-digestion of waste glycerol and glucose to enhance biogas production

Co-digestion in anaerobic fermentation has been widely used to improve biogas production. The biogas production from co-digestion of glucose and glycerol was studied in laboratory-scale batch reactors under mesophilic temperatures, pH 7. The batch experiments involved a variation of glycerol/glucose ratios with initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) for all conditions was fixed at 5,200 mg L⁻¹. The highest yield of biogas production was obtained from glycerol/glucose with 5:5 ratio. The cumulative biogas production was 298.2 mL, and the maximum production rate was 8 mL hr⁻¹. The findings suggested that co-digestion is a potential method to achieve glycerol waste treatment and energy recovery at the same time.     

秸秆气固燃料二元联产的可行性与经济性研究

以玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆为研究对象,通过测定二者厌氧发酵后的沼气、沼渣产量及热值,探讨秸秆气固燃料二元联产的综合能源利用效率与经济效益。结果表明,由于发酵后秸秆沼渣中木质素含量增大,沼渣热值也有所增大;沼渣成型燃料密度、机械耐久性等特性均优于原秸秆;秸秆气固燃料二元联产综合能源利用效率较秸秆直接燃烧可提高40%～50%(以发电量计);因免除收集、运输和粉碎等成本,秸秆沼渣生产成型燃料的综合成本较秸秆压块单独生产模式可节省46.4%。     

The effect of total solids concentration and temperature on biogas production by anaerobic digestion

This paper analyzed the effect of total solids (TS) concentration and temperature on biogas production from anaerobic digestion with dairy manure. Batch experiments were carried out for TS concentrations of 6%, 8%, and 10%, respectively, at five different temperatures (31, 34, 37, 40, and 43°C). Results showed that two factors both had significant effect on biogas production. The optimal condition for anaerobic digestion was 8% TS concentration at the temperature of 40°C. Under such condition, the biogas production is much better than the others and the yield peaked higher. Daily biogas production of 8% was more than those test groups which are 6% and 10% under the same temperature. When TS concentration was 8%, the rank of total biogas production of different digestion temperature test was 40 ＞ 37 ＞ 34 ＞ 43 ＞ 31°C, the biogas production of the 31, 34, 37, 40, and 43°C was 0.123, 0.159, 0.171, 0.205, and 0.153 L/g, respectively.     

沼肥在大蒜生产中的应用效果初探

大蒜施用沼肥试验,A区施用沼肥,B区施用农家肥作为对照区。结果显示A区蒜蛆发生率不足1％,锈病发生率为0,B区蒜蛆发生率5％,锈病发生率为1．79％。B区大蒜产量1．425kg·m-2,A区大蒜产量1．98kg·m-2,高出B区0．555kg·m-2。。施用沼肥既有效预防了各种大蒜病虫害的发生,又提高了产量,有良好的经济效益和生态效益。