脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯的合成

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-3)为原料,P2O5为磷酸化试剂,经酯化、水解合成脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯.考察了P2O5加入方式、原料配比、酯化时间、酯化温度对反应的影响.     

脂肪醇磷酸酯的合成及对产品指标影响的研究

磷酸酯的合成是一个极其复杂的化学反应,很多因素对最终产品的指标影响很大,本文从反应原料五氧化二磷入手,详细介绍了其对产品的色泽,磷酸及单／双酯的含量的影响,并讨论了其它条件同产品色泽变化关系。     

聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯的合成与应用

本文介绍了以聚氧乙烯醚为起始剂，五氧化二磷为磷化剂合成聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯的过程；并且对其应用也简要地加以说明。     

聚乙二醇1000磷酸酯的合成

以五氧化二磷为磷酸化试剂,合成了聚乙二醇1000磷酸酯,讨论了原料配比、反应时间、反应温度对反应结果的影响,确定了合成聚乙二醇1000磷酸酯的最佳工艺为:原料比为3∶1,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为3h,酯化率为94.8%     

辛醇磷酸酯的合成与应用

以辛醇、五氧化二磷为原料合成辛醇磷酸酯，讨论了各种因素的影响，得出了最佳工艺条件：n(辛醇)：n(五氧化二磷)=(2．5～3．5)：1．0，酯化时间3～4h，酯化温度60～70℃，并介绍了辛醇磷酸酯钠盐的性能及其在渗透剂的应用。     

仲辛醇磷酸酯的合成与应用

以五氧化二磷和仲辛醇为原料合成了仲辛醇磷酸酯，考察了物料的配比，反应温度和反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件；仲辛醇与五氧化二磷的物质的量比2.0:1；酯化温度为70℃，酯化时间为3.0h；测定了仲辛醇磷酸酯钠盐的耐碱性及渗透性。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯的合成及应用

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO3)为原料,以P2O5为磷酸化试剂,合成了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯。考察了P2O5的投料方式、原料配比、酯化时间、酯化温度、搅拌速度对酯化率的影响,确定了最佳酯化条件:在40℃强烈搅拌下,分批加入P2O5,n(AEO3)∶n(P2O5)=3∶1,酯化温度80℃,酯化时间4h。测试表明脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯的抗静电性能可以满足丙纶纤维的生产需要。     

烷基磷酸酯型抗静电剂合成条件的优化

本文以脂肪醇(正十二醇)、五氧化二磷为原料,经直接酯化、水解制备烷基磷酸酯型抗静电剂.考察了五氧化二磷的投料方式、原料配比、反应加水量、酯化温度、酯化时间对产品色泽和单、双酯含量的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:40℃下强烈搅拌、分批投料,月桂醇和五氧化二磷摩尔比大致为1.0:0.48,酯化温度约为85℃,酯化时间4.0h,反应加水量为4.51mL,上述条件下合成产品中单双酯产率在80%～90%,优于同类型工艺条件.     

聚乙二醇(4000)磷酸酯合成条件的优化

以P2O5为磷酰化试剂,合成了聚乙二醇(4000)磷酸酯,讨论了原料配比、反应时间、反应温度对反应的影响,确定了合成聚乙二醇(4000)磷酸酯的最佳工艺条件为:原料比为2∶1,反应温度为110℃,反应时间为3h,酯化率为90%。     

混合脂肪醇磷酸酯渗透剂的合成与性能研究

以脂肪醇、环氧乙烷、五氧化二磷为原料合成了一系列脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯,筛选出了理想的渗透产品,并通过多组实验数据考察了不同磷酸酯的耐碱性和渗透性。     

Solvent-based fatty alcohol synthesis using supercritical butane. Thermodynamic analysis

Conventional liquid-phase fatty ester hydrogenolysis processes are necessarily operated at high pressures owing to the limited solubility of hydrogen in the reaction medium. In a solvent-based process this problem can be overcome, but recycling and product-solvent separation may turn out to be difficult. An alternative is the use of supercritical solvents, for which the solubility of fatty esters and fatty alcohols is high. Dropping the pressure into the subcritical domain allows for easy product separation and reactant recycle. In the present work we have analyzed the hydrogenolysis of methyl palmitate in supercritical butane. A reliable estimation of properties of the supercritical mixture can be obtained by fitting experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data with Schwatzentruber-Renon cubic equation of state. The reaction mixture remains supercritical for a maximum pressure of 9 MPa and temperature of 470 K for mole fractions of hydrogen and methyl palmitate of 0.1 and 0.025, respectively. In these conditions an equilibrium conversion of more than 99% can be reached. An industrial process is feasible.     

Simple and novel synthesis of zirconia whiskers from a phosphate flux

High quality zirconia whiskers have been successfully prepared by molten salt method, using zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl₂·8H₂O) and sodium phosphate tribasic dodecahydrate (Na₃PO₄·12H₂O) as precursor and molten salt, respectively. The effects of types of molten salt and heat treatment temperature on the formation of zirconia whiskers were characterized by XRD, Raman, DTA-TG, FE-SEM, TEM, SAED and HR-TEM. When Na₃PO₄·12H₂O is utilized as molten salt and the heat treatment temperature is 900?°C, the as-prepared zirconia whiskers with length ranging from 4?µm to 8?µm show an average aspect ratio of 25. The obtained ZrO₂ whiskers with monoclinic structure are elongated along [010] direction and exhibit a smooth surface with no distinct defects. The XRD and Raman results reveal that the phase transformation from tetragonal zirconia to monoclinic zirconia occurs with the increased crystal size and the water quenching treatment can significantly reduce the content of sodium zirconium phosphate [Na_9–4×Zr_x(PO₄)₃] in the final product. The growth mechanism of zirconia whiskers is supposed to be a dissolution-precipitation process. Since the sodium zirconium phosphate [Na_9–4×Zr_x(PO₄)₃] effectively promotes the dissolution of zirconia in liquid molten salt, zirconia can grow into zirconia whiskers according to its anisotropy.     

天然脂肪醇的合成研究进展

综述了脂肪酸甲酯中压加氢制天然脂肪醇工艺的国内外研究进展;讨论了开发新型催化剂、缓和操作工艺条件(气相加氢、添加溶剂、超临界流体)等方面的研究,指出了各种方法的优缺点;并指出虽然新型催化剂的研究取得了一定的进展,但大规模工业化应用少见报道,中压加氢工艺将是工业生产天然脂肪醇的发展方向,以超临界流体为介质的加氢工艺具备了反应压力低、氢酯比低、生产能力高和环境友好等诸多优点,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

世界磷矿工业回顾与展望

世界磷酸盐需求近年呈下降趋势，磷矿石产量与贸易量连续下降。分析了原因以及几个主要生产国的近期状况，今后发展预测。估计短期内世界贸易量变化不大，预测到２０００年世界磷矿需求将达到１．６２亿ｔ。     

Solvent-based fatty alcohol synthesis using supercritical butane: Flowsheet analysis and process design

The liquid-phase hydrogenolysis of fatty esters to fatty alcohols is an important step in the industrial manufacture of surfactants and detergents. High operating pressures are necessary, due to the low solubility of hydrogen in fatty esters feeds. In principle, these high operating pressures might be overcome by use of a suitable solvent, but only at the expense of large solvent recycle and cumbersome product-solvent separation. The employ of supercritical solvents may resolve these drawbacks, as an elegant solvent-product separation is possible by reverting to the subcritical regime. In the present work the hydrogenolysis of methyl palmitate in supercritical butane is investigated by simulation. Operating conditions are analyzed on the basis of vapor liquid equilibrium data and chemical equilibrium considerations. Separation and recycle problems are evaluated and discussed on the basis of a flowsheet analysis. It is demonstrated that an efficient hydrogenolysis process may be developed by using supercritical butane as solvent. A moderate operating pressure (9 MPa) and temperature (470 K) lead to high conversion levels and high product purity. A hydrogen to ester molar ratio of 4∶1 in the feed is achievable, which compares favorably to existing liquid-and gas-phase processes, and allows recycle streams to be reduced.     

The influence of fatty alcohol ether phosphate salt on carbon fiber's dispersion property

The influence of fatty alcohol ether phosphate salt on the dispersion property of carbon fiber in oil material is assessed by the settling time, the turbidity and the dispersant condition of carbon fiber in oil material, and the surface morphologic structure and chemical composition of carbon fiber before and after leaching silk are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, scanning tunneling microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Experiments show that fatty alcohol ether phosphate salt can improve the dispersion of carbon fiber in oil material significantly, and the optimum leaching silk concentration of fatty alcohol ether phosphate salt is 0.3%, while dispersants would spread over on the surface of carbon fiber evenly and the maximum turbidity value and the longest settlement time is 1.081 NTU and 28 min, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41470.     

高碳醇磷酸酯加脂剂的合成与分析

以高碳醇为原料，采用P2O5溶剂法合成磷酸酯。探讨了P2O5溶剂的选择原则，确定10^#机油作为P2O5的分散溶剂，其10^#机油与P2O5质量比为2．5：1．0。实验表明，P2O5溶剂法解决了P2O5传统法加料时易吸潮、结块、炭化、反应不均匀和反应初期过于激烈等缺陷；其反应产物中磷酸单双酯的摩尔比、高碳醇转化率及总酸值均比传统法有了明显的提高，且产物色泽浅于P2O5传统法合成的磷酸酯；水解反应能进一步提高产物中磷酸单双酯的摩尔比和高碳醇转化率，水解后磷酸单双酯的摩尔比由3．96上升到4．16．高碳醇转化率由81．5％提高到88．7％。电位滴定法分析测定磷酸酯组分含量时发现，氯化钙溶液(10％)的最低加入量为11．0mL。     

Enzymatic synthesis of fatty alcohol esters by alcoholysis

Lipase-catalyzed conversions of some minor oils and fats like mowrah (Madhuca latifolia), mango (Mangifera indica) kernel, and sal (Shorea robusta) fats into low, medium, and high molecular weight alcohol esters have been investigated. In solvent-free medium, alcoholysis of the above-mentioned fats with 10% (w/w) Mucor miehei lipase produced alcohol esters in good yield. The percentage molar conversions of C₄, C₈, C₁₀, C₁₂, C₁₄, C₁₆, C₁₈, and C_18:1 alcohols into corresponding alcohol esters ranged from 86.8 to 99.2, while the percentage molar conversions on the basis of oil were in the range of 108.0 to 123.5.     

磷酸酯加脂剂合成的新技术研究及其应用

以蓖麻油和鱼油的混合油为原料,采用固体酸催化和P2O5溶剂分散法的新技术来合成一种新型磷酸酯皮革加脂剂。探讨了酯交换反应和磷酸化反应的合成原理。采用固体酸作催化剂,其催化活性高且可回收再生,产物改性深度高,产物色泽浅,稳定性好。P2O5采用溶剂法加料,反应温和、反应产物中磷酸单双酯的摩尔比、P2O5转化率及总酸值均高于P2O5直接投入法。经复配制成性能优良的磷酸酯加脂剂,加脂实验表明,革身丰满、柔软、有一定的油润感和丝光感。