共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Lijun Huo Tao Liu Xiaobo Sun Yunhao Cai Alan J. Heeger Yanming Sun 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2015,27(18):2938-2944
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《Small Methods》2017,1(8)
Organic/carbon‐based semiconductors and organometal halide perovskites such as CH3NH3PbIx Cl3−x have been extensively pursued as potential active materials for cost‐effective, solution‐processable, and high‐performance photovoltaic devices. Many research groups and researchers with different backgrounds are currently involved in this field, and the record power conversion efficiencies have increased dramatically in recent years. Accurately determining the figure of merit is essential to compare the absolute results and practical applications of these photovoltaic materials. Herein, the critical factors affecting the efficiency determination and some specific examples of solar cells employing representative organic photovoltaic materials with different bandgaps are summarized. Moreover, general methods and checklists for the efficiency determination of organic (tandem) solar cells and perovskite solar cells are presented. Future prospects in efficiency characterizations of the emerging solar cells are also discussed to aid researchers in developing a best practice. 相似文献
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Gabriel E. Prez Harikrishna Erothu Paul D. Topham Francesco Bastianini Tarek I. Alanazi Gabriel Bernardo Andrew J. Parnell Stephen M. King Alan D. F. Dunbar 《Advanced Materials Interfaces》2020,7(18)
In a proof‐of‐concept study, this work demonstrates that incorporating a specifically designed block copolymer as an interfacial layer between a charge transport layer and the photoactive layer in organic solar cells can enhance the interface between these layers leading to both performance and stability improvements of the device. This is achieved by incorporating a P3HT50‐b‐PSSx block copolymer as an interfacial layer between the hole transporting and photoactive layers, which results in the improvement of the interfacial roughness, energy level alignment, and stability between these layers. Specifically, the incorporation of a 10 nm P3HT50‐b‐PSS16 and a 13 nm P3HT50‐b‐PSS23 interfacial layer results in a 9% and a 12% increase in device efficiency respectively compared to the reference devices. In addition to having a higher initial efficiency, the devices with the block copolymer continue to have a higher normalized efficiency than the control devices after 2200 h of storage, demonstrating that the block copolymer not only improves device efficiency, but crucially, prevents degradation by stabilizing the interface between the hole transporting layer and the photoactive layer. This study proves that appropriately designed and optimized block copolymers can simultaneously stabilize and improve the efficiency of organic solar cells. 相似文献
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Two novel wide‐bandgap copolymers, PBDT‐TDZ and PBDTS‐TDZ, are developed based on 1,3,4‐thiadiazole (TDZ) and benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) building blocks. These copolymers exhibit wide bandgaps over 2.07 eV and low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels below −5.35 eV, which match well with the typical low‐bandgap acceptor of ITIC, resulting in a good complementary absorption from 300 to 900 nm and a low HOMO level offset (≤0.13 eV). Compared to PBDT‐TDZ, PBDTS‐TDZ with alkylthio side chains exhibits the stronger optical absorption, lower‐lying HOMO level, and higher crystallinity. By using a single green solvent of o‐xylene, PBDTS‐TDZ:ITIC devices exhibit a large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) up to 1.10 eV and an extremely low energy loss (Eloss) of 0.48 eV. At the same time, the desirable high short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 17.78 mA cm−2 and fill factor of 65.4% are also obtained, giving rise to a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.80% without any additive and post‐treatment. When adopting a homotandem device architecture, the PCE is further improved to 13.35% (certified as 13.19%) with a much larger Voc of 2.13 V, which is the best value for any type of homotandem organic solar cells reported so far. 相似文献
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Zhiyi Su;Wenlong Liu;Yi Lin;Zaifei Ma;Andong Zhang;Hao Lu;Xinjun Xu;Cuihong Li;Yahui Liu;Zhishan Bo; 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2024,20(35):2310028
In this study, two novel donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers are designed and synthesized, DTBT-2T and DTBT-2T2F with 2,2′-bithiophene or 3,3′-difluoro-2,2′-bithiophene as the donor unit and dithienobenzothiadiazole as the acceptor unit, and used them as donor materials in non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Due to enhanced planarity of polymer chains resulted by the intramolecular F···S noncovalent interactions, the incorporation of 3,3′-difluoro-2,2′-bithiophene unit instead of 2,2′-bithiophene into the polymers can enhance their molecular packing, crystallinity and hole mobility. The DTBT-2T:L8-BO based binary OSCs deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of only 9.71% with a Voc of 0.78 V, a Jsc of 20.69 mA cm−2, and an FF of 59.67%. Moreover, the introduction of fluoro atoms can lower the highest occupied molecular orbital levels. As a result, DTBT-2T2F:L8-BO based single-junction binary OSCs exhibited less recombination loss, more balanced charge mobility, and more favorable morphology, resulting in an impressive PCE of 17.03% with a higher Voc of 0.89 V, a Jsc of 25.40 mA cm−2, and an FF of 75.74%. These results indicate that 3,3′-difluoro-2,2′-bithiophene unit can be used as an effective building block to synthesize high performance polymer donor materials. This work greatly expands the selection range of donor units for constructing high-performance polymers. 相似文献
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Kui Feng Jiachen Huang Xianhe Zhang Ziang Wu Shengbin Shi Lars Thomsen Yanqing Tian Han Young Woo Christopher R. McNeill Xugang Guo 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(30):2001476
Compared to organic solar cells based on narrow-bandgap nonfullerene small-molecule acceptors, the performance of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) lags much behind due to the lack of high-performance n-type polymers, which should have low-aligned frontier molecular orbital levels and narrow bandgap with broad and intense absorption extended to the near-infrared region. Herein, two novel polymer acceptors, DCNBT-TPC and DCNBT-TPIC, are synthesized with ultranarrow bandgaps (ultra-NBG) of 1.38 and 1.28 eV, respectively. When applied in transistors, both polymers show efficient charge transport with a highest electron mobility of 1.72 cm2 V−1 s−1 obtained for DCNBT-TPC. Blended with a polymer donor, PBDTTT-E-T, the resultant all-PSCs based on DCNBT-TPC and DCNBT-TPIC achieve remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 9.26% and 10.22% with short-circuit currents up to 19.44 and 22.52 mA cm−2, respectively. This is the first example that a PCE of over 10% can be achieved using ultra-NBG polymer acceptors with a photoresponse reaching 950 nm in all-PSCs. These results demonstrate that ultra-NBG polymer acceptors, in line with nonfullerene small-molecule acceptors, are also available as a highly promising class of electron acceptors for maximizing device performance in all-PSCs. 相似文献
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Yong Cui Huifeng Yao Ling Hong Tao Zhang Ye Xu Kaihu Xian Bowei Gao Jinzhao Qin Jianqi Zhang Zhixiang Wei Jianhui Hou 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(14)
Ternary blending and copolymerization strategies have proven advantageous in boosting the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. Here, 15% efficiency solar cells using copolymerization donors are demonstrated, where the electron‐withdrawing unit, ester‐substituted thiophene, is incorporated into a PBDB‐TF polymer to downshift the molecular energy and broaden the absorption. Copolymer‐based solar cells suitable for large‐area devices can be fabricated by a blade‐coating method from a nonhalogen and nonaromatic solvent mixture. Although ternary solar cells can achieve comparable efficiencies, they are not suitable for environment‐friendly processing conditions and show relatively low photostability compared to copolymer‐based devices. These results not only demonstrate high‐efficiency organic photovoltaic cells via copolymerization strategies but also provide important insights into their applications in practical production. 相似文献
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《Small Methods》2017,1(12)
Significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) is achieved by developing novel donor and acceptor materials, optimizing the phase‐separation morphology via diversified strategies, and using interfacial materials for better charge‐carrier collection. For state‐of‐the‐art devices, a PCE of over 13% is reported. However, simulations indicate that an efficiency of ≈19% could be realized, assuming a total energy loss of 0.5 eV with an external quantum efficiency of 90% and a fill factor of 70%. This large difference between the theoretical calculations and the actual performance of the state‐of‐the‐art devices shows that OSCs have significant potential for the future. Here, the energy loss is discussed, which determines the PCE limit, and then different systems are reviewed, such as small‐molecule (SM)/fullerene blends, polymer/fullerene blends, SM/nonfullerene blends, polymer/nonfullerene blends, and multicomponent systems. After highlighting the factors that have limited the device efficiency to date, an outlook on the most important challenges to guide OSCs toward the 15% PCE regime is provided. 相似文献
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Won Jin Jang;Ho Won Jang;Soo Young Kim; 《Small Methods》2024,8(2):2300207
A tandem solar cell, which is composed of a wide bandgap (WBG) top sub-cell and a narrow bandgap (NBG) bottom subcell, harnesses maximum photons in the wide spectral range, resulting in higher efficiency than single-junction solar cells. WBG (>1.6 eV) perovskites are currently being studied a lot based on lead mixed-halide perovskites, and the power conversion efficiency of lead mixed-halide WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reaches 21.1%. Despite the excellent device performance of lead WBG PSCs, their commercialization is hampered by their Pb toxicity and low stability. Hence, lead-free, less toxic WBG perovskite absorbers are needed for constructing lead-free perovskite tandem solar cells. In this review, various strategies for achieving high-efficiency WBG lead-free PSCs are discussed, drawing inspiration from prior research on WBG lead-based PSCs. The existing issues of WBG perovskites such as VOC loss are discussed, and toxicity issues associated with lead-based perovskites are also addressed. Subsequently, the natures of lead-free WBG perovskites are reviewed, and recently emerged strategies to enhance device performance are proposed. Finally, their applications in lead-free all perovskite tandem solar cells are introduced. This review presents helpful guidelines for eco-friendly and high-efficiency lead-free all perovskite tandem solar cells. 相似文献
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Zichun Zhou Wenrui Liu Guanqing Zhou Ming Zhang Deping Qian Jianyun Zhang Shanshan Chen Shengjie Xu Changduk Yang Feng Gao Haiming Zhu Feng Liu Xiaozhang Zhu 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(4):1906324
Manipulating charge generation in a broad spectral region has proved to be crucial for nonfullerene-electron-acceptor-based organic solar cells (OSCs). 16.64% high efficiency binary OSCs are achieved through the use of a novel electron acceptor AQx-2 with quinoxaline-containing fused core and PBDB-TF as donor. The significant increase in photovoltaic performance of AQx-2 based devices is obtained merely by a subtle tailoring in molecular structure of its analogue AQx-1. Combining the detailed morphology and transient absorption spectroscopy analyses, a good structure–morphology–property relationship is established. The stronger π–π interaction results in efficient electron hopping and balanced electron and hole mobilities attributed to good charge transport. Moreover, the reduced phase separation morphology of AQx-2-based bulk heterojunction blend boosts hole transfer and suppresses geminate recombination. Such success in molecule design and precise morphology optimization may lead to next-generation high-performance OSCs. 相似文献
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Guangjun Zhang Guofang Yang He Yan Joo‐Hyun Kim Harald Ade Wenlin Wu Xiaopeng Xu Yuwei Duan Qiang Peng 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(18)
A wide bandgap small molecular acceptor, SFBRCN, containing a 3D spirobifluorene core flaked with a 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BT) and end‐capped with highly electron‐deficient (3‐ethylhexyl‐4‐oxothiazolidine‐2‐yl)dimalononitrile (RCN) units, has been successfully synthesized as a small molecular acceptor (SMA) for nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). This SMA exhibits a relatively wide optical bandgap of 2.03 eV, which provides a complementary absorption to commonly used low bandgap donor polymers, such as PTB7‐Th. The strong electron‐deficient BT and RCN units afford SFBRCN with a low‐lying LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) level, while the 3D structured spirobifluorene core can effectively suppress the self‐aggregation tendency of the SMA, thus yielding a polymer:SMA blend with reasonably small domain size. As the results of such molecular design, SFBRCN enables nonfullerene PSCs with a high efficiency of 10.26%, which is the highest performance reported to date for a large bandgap nonfullerene SMA. 相似文献
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Wenrui Liu Jianyun Zhang Zichun Zhou Dongyang Zhang Yuan Zhang Shengjie Xu Xiaozhang Zhu 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2018,30(26)
Fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs) have recently received intensive attention. Besides the continuing development of new FREAs, the demand for FREAs featuring good compatibility to donor materials is becoming more and more urgent, which is highly desirable for screening donor materials and achieving new breakthroughs. In this work, a new FREA is developed, ZITI , featuring an octacyclic dithienocyclopentaindenoindene central core. The core is designed by linking 2,7‐dithienyl substituents and indenoindene with small methylene groups, in which the indeno[1,2‐b]thiophene‐2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile part provides a large and unoccupied π‐surface. Most notably, ZITI possesses an excellent compatibility with commercially available polymer donors, delivering very high power conversion efficiencies of over 13%. 相似文献
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Yuze Lin Bo Chen Fuwen Zhao Xiaopeng Zheng Yehao Deng Yuchuan Shao Yanjun Fang Yang Bai Chunru Wang Jinsong Huang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(26)
Efficient wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells are needed to boost the efficiency of silicon solar cells to beyond Schottky–Queisser limit, but they suffer from a larger open circuit voltage (VOC) deficit than narrower bandgap ones. Here, it is shown that one major limitation of VOC in WBG perovskite solar cells comes from the nonmatched energy levels of charge transport layers. Indene‐C60 bisadduct (ICBA) with higher‐lying lowest‐unoccupied‐molecular‐orbital is needed for WBG perovskite solar cells, while its energy‐disorder needs to be minimized before a larger VOC can be observed. A simple method is applied to reduce the energy disorder by isolating isomer ICBA‐tran3 from the as‐synthesized ICBA‐mixture. WBG perovskite solar cells with ICBA‐tran3 show enhanced VOC by 60 mV, reduced VOC deficit of 0.5 V, and then a record stabilized power conversion efficiency of 18.5%. This work points out the importance of matching the charge transport layers in perovskite solar cells when the perovskites have a different composition and energy levels. 相似文献