固体废物对钙基固硫剂促进作用的研究

以固体废弃物电石渣为钙基固硫剂,工业废弃物盐泥为添加剂对钙基固硫剂进行调质,用ZCS-1型智能定硫仪进行脱硫实验。结果表明,盐泥添加剂能够提高钙基固硫剂固硫率,其合理配比为质量比8：1。通过SEM分析发现,调质改善了固硫剂颗粒的孔隙分布,使固硫剂颗粒的表面微观形貌发生改变,从而提高了固硫剂的固硫性能。同时研究也发现,盐泥中的主要成分不仅可以改变钙基固硫剂的微观结构,同时也有固硫及提高固硫产物高温稳定性的作用。     

盐泥对钙基固硫剂促进作用的研究

以固体废弃物电石渣为钙基固硫剂,工业废弃物盐泥为添加剂进行脱硫实验。实验结果表明,盐泥添加剂能够提高钙基固硫剂的固硫率,其合理配比为电石渣与盐泥的质量比为8:1,固硫率由27.55%提高到45.73%。通过SEM分析发现,盐泥使固硫剂颗粒的表面微观形貌发生改变。同时研究也发现,盐泥中的主要成分不仅可以改变钙基固硫剂的微观结构,同时也有固硫及提高固硫产物高温稳定性的作用。     

利用固体废物研制高温固硫剂

通过分析高温固硫剂的固硫机理,以工业废弃物电石渣为钙基脱硫剂,盐泥为添加剂,研制高温固硫剂,考察了盐泥添加剂的词质效果及合理配比.结果表明,盐泥添加剂能够提高钙基固硫剂固硫率,其合理配比为电石渣与盐泥的质量比为8:1.通过SEM分析发现,调质改善了固硫剂颗粒的孔隙分布,提高了固硫剂的固硫性能.     

Fe2O3改性电石渣高温固硫性能的研究

利用工业废弃物电石渣,经适当预处理,并掺入适量的Fe2O3对电石渣进行改性,配制成新型复合固硫剂。在高温条件下进行了固硫实验,达到了较为理想的固硫效果。研究了影响改性电石渣高温固硫效果的因素,分析了该改性电石渣的固硫机理。结果表明,改性电石渣高温固硫的适宜条件为:煤燃烧温度1200℃、Ca/S=2.2、改性电石渣的粒径为100目。在该条件下,对实验用烟煤(含硫量2.92%)燃烧20min,其高温固硫率高达88.5%,较相同条件下的普通钙基固硫剂的固硫率提高30%以上。     

添加剂抑制CaSO4高温分解的 TG-FTIR研究 (Ⅲ)固硫效果定性和定量分析

在氧化物系列高温固硫剂和碳酸盐系列高温固硫剂研究的基础上,利用TG-FTIR联用技术和ZCL自动定硫仪,把一定量的分析煤样与氧化物系列高温固硫剂和碳酸盐系列高温固硫剂分别以3∶1的Ca/S比充分混和,对燃煤的实际固硫效果进行了定性和定量检测.结果表明,两种系列固硫剂均使CaSO4高温分解推迟到1200℃以后,SrCO3在高温时的固硫率高达96.7%,而BaCO3也达92.2%.     

盐泥对钙基固硫剂促进作用的研究

以工业废弃物盐泥为添加剂调质钙基固硫剂,用ZCS-1型智能定硫仪进行脱硫实验。结果表明,盐泥添加剂能够提高钙基固硫剂固硫率,其合理配比为质量比8：1。通过SEM分析发现,调质改善了固硫剂颗粒的孔隙分布,使固硫剂颗粒的表面微观形貌发生改变,从而提高了固硫剂的固硫性能。研究发现,盐泥中的主要成分不仅可以改变钙基固硫剂的微观结构,同时本身也有固硫作用。     

天然矿物燃煤固硫剂的研究

根据金属氧化物组分对 Ca O固硫具有催化促进作用的原理 ,并将催化燃烧的概念引入 ,以应用效果为目标 ,采用纯天然矿石和工业废料研制开发出一种廉价易得燃煤固硫剂。使用三种不同产地的煤进行了添加燃烧实验 ,考察了温度、添加量等对固硫率的影响 ,实验表明这种固硫剂具有很好的固硫效果 :在煤中硫含量为 1%左右及定温条件下 ,总固硫率达 6 7%左右。其技术经济指标优于一种商用固硫剂 ,而售价仅为其 30 %。并在实验研究基础上进行了新型固硫剂在电厂粉煤锅炉上的工业试运行 :除尘器前 SO2 排放降低率可达 5 5 %～ 6 6 % ,总固硫率为 74 %～ 83% ,固硫剂长时间运转对锅炉热效率和安全性均无明显影响     

工业洁净型煤固硫性能研究及其链条炉应用

以普通烟煤(长焰煤)为原料煤,考察了固硫剂的引入以及固硫添加剂的添加对烟煤固硫率的影响,并通过TG-MS初步分析了复合固硫剂的固硫机理。进一步压制得到了工业洁净型煤,并在0.5 t的工业链条锅炉上进行了试烧,进一步获得了型煤在实际燃烧过程中的污染物排放数据。研究结果表明,随着钙硫比的增大(1.5~2.5),钙基固硫剂固硫率逐渐提高,以SiO_2作为添加剂时,复合固硫剂固硫率效果较好,达到了69.1%。实际试烧效果也表明,加入添加剂后,型煤燃烧固硫减排效果明显,链条炉上SO_2减排量达到33.3%。     

新型复合固硫剂的研制与洁净煤生产应用

阐述了新型复合固硫剂的研制和在工业应用中的固硫效果，提出固硫率的提高不仅与钙硫比（Ca/S)有关，且更要考虑固硫剂各组分的选择及其相互间的配比，从而在高温下起到明显的固硫效果。据此，投资建设洁净煤生产线，产品以密封车配送方式进入市场，同时，采用该固硫剂进行电站锅炉炉内脱硫试验，以期为大型煤粉锅炉提供一种简易易行的实用脱硫技术。     

电石渣及助剂对民用型煤的固硫作用研究

为了考察固硫剂和固硫助剂对民用型煤固硫的影响,以昔阳无烟煤为原料的民用型煤为研究对象,以工业废料电石渣为主固硫剂,KMnO_4、Na_2CO_3为固硫助剂进行了研究。同时通过XRD和SEM表征,对电石渣及固硫助剂的固硫作用做了进一步探讨。结果表明,加入电石渣后,固硫效果显著增强,当钙硫摩尔比为3.5时,固硫效果最佳,达到65%以上。固硫产物除了CaSO_4外,还生成了热稳定性更高的新物相CaAl_6(SO_4)_4(OH)_(12);固硫助剂的加入可进一步提高固硫效果,KMnO_4提供活性氧,加快燃烧速度,同时也加快SO_2与电石渣的反应进程;Na_2CO_3则改变了电石渣的晶格结构,使其孔径的尺寸和分布都有利于固硫。中型规模测试试验与小型固硫实验结果一致,为工业化生产民用型煤提供了依据。     

新型钡基高温燃烧固硫剂的研究与应用

引　言燃烧脱硫技术是在高温燃烧过程中将煤中的硫转化为硫酸盐或硫化物 ,因而其固硫率与硫酸盐或硫化物的热力学形成过程密切相关 .据文献报道 ,ＣａＳＯ3和ＣａＳＯ4 分别在 10 0 4℃[1] 和 1195～ 12 14℃[2 ] 就已开始分解 .纯ＣａＳＯ4 在 12 5 0℃高温下的分解率为 85 % .纯ＢａＳＯ4 的分解温度为 15 80℃[3] ,大大高于ＣａＳＯ4 ,显示较高的热稳定性 .根据元素周期表递变规律 ,位于第 6周期的Ｂａ较位Ｆｉｇ .1　Ｓｃｈｅｍａｔｉｃｏｆｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔｓｕｌｆｕｒｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ1—ｍａｉｎｆｒａｍｅｏｆｉｎ…     

煤洁净燃烧高效钙基复合固硫剂的研究进展

对燃煤高效钙基复合固硫剂的国内外研究现状进行了综述，对复合固硫剂中固硫助剂的加入方式及其固硫促进机理进行了详细的分析和总结，并对研究中存在的某些问题进行了探讨。最后对助燃固硫、固硫—灰渣资源化的燃煤一体化添加剂的研究现状进行了简要介绍，并探讨了燃煤复合固硫剂研究的若干方向，提出了将高效低污染燃烧和灰渣资源化有机结合起来开发新型燃煤一体化添加剂的思想。     

Effects of Ca-based additives on desulfurization during coal pyrolysis

The effects of different Ca-based additives on the sulfur removal of coals during pyrolysis up to 900 °C have been studied in a fixed-bed reactor. It was found that Ca(OH)₂ and CaO were quite effective to capture the sulfur-containing gases, 95% of the sulfur evolved from untreated coal was retained in the char by the use of additives. Both the tar yield and the sulfur content of the tar decreased with addition of Ca-based additives. The effect of Ca(OH)₂ was better than that of CaO due to its higher activity, but CaCO₃ had little effect because of its higher decomposition temperature (−900 °C) than the peak temperature range (400–500 °C) of sulfur-containing gases emission. There is remarkable sulfur retention effect with Ca(OH)₂ prepared by impregnation and ultrasonic treatment due to the higher dispersion in coal particles than by simple mechanical mixing. The ultrasonic treatment is the best method with regard to the lowest SO₂ release during the char combustion. XRD results showed that the sulfur captured by Ca-based additives during pyrolysis turned into CaS. FeS detected in pyrolysis char without additives disappeared in chars with additives, which indicated that CaO could react with FeS through solid-solid reaction. When the chars with calcium-additives were burned in fixed bed reactor, they gave out less SO₂ than the raw coal added with same additives. The best total desulfurization efficiency could reach to about 85%.     

型煤固硫效果影响因素的研究

通过正交试验研究固硫剂品种、粒度、钙硫比（固硫剂用量）、固硫温度、粘结剂、原煤粒度、固硫助剂对型煤固硫效果影响。实验发现：钙硫比和固硫剂品种是影响型煤固硫效果最显著的因素;CaO、CaCO3、Ca（OH）23种钙基固硫剂中Ca（OH）2的效果最好;钙硫比越大,固硫剂颗粒越小,固硫效果越好;钙基固硫剂最佳固硫温度是800－1000℃;不同粒级原煤颗粒的型煤固硫效果不同;MS粘结剂是理想的固硫型煤粘结剂。     

Characteristics of sodium compounds on NO reduction at high temperature in NOx control technologies

Characteristics of sodium compounds additives on NO reduction at high temperature were investigated in a tube stove and a drop tube furnace. Sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate were chosen as Na additives to research the effect on NO reduction. It was found that sodium compounds could reduce NO emission and promoted NO reduction efficiency during pulverized coal combustion, coal reburning and urea-SNCR process. Adding sodium carbonate into crude coal gained 3.2%–34.8% of NO reduction efficiency on different combustion conditions during the coal combustion process. NO reduction efficiency was affected by sodium content and coal rank. Na additive performed NO reduction effect in whole Shenhua coal combustion process and in char rear combustion of Gelingping coal. Adding sodium hydroxide into the reburning coal increased NO reduction efficiency of the reburning technology. NO reduction efficiency was increased to 82.7% from 50.0% when the weight ratio sodium to the reburning coal was 3% and the ratio of the supplied air to the theoretical air of reburning fuel was 0.6. Sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate performed the promotion of NO reduction efficiency in urea-SNCR. Sodium acetate promoted NO reduction efficiency best while sodium hydroxide promoted worst at 800 °C. Sodium additives as SNCR promoter performed much better at lower temperature than at higher temperature, and they promoted NO reduction weakly in urea-SNCR when the temperature was greater than 900 °C.     

盐泥燃煤添加剂的研究

盐泥是工业生产中的废弃物,其中含有碱金属和碱土金属,再添加一些其它金属离子后,可作为燃煤添加剂。通过实验测定、理论计算,验证了盐泥添加剂能够降低燃点、促进燃烧,并提出了添加剂的作用机理。     

煤燃烧对新型干法水泥窑尾系统粘结堵塞作用机理的研究

煤的燃烧不完全是导致新型干法水泥窑尾系统粘结堵塞的重要原因之一.本文就其作用机理进行了研究和讨论.研究表明:煤的不完全燃烧对系统有降低过渡液相温度、提高硫的挥发率与循环量并产生局部高温从而促进结皮与粘结堵塞产生的作用.     

In situ desulfurization during combustion of high-sulfur coals added with sulfur capture sorbents

Two Chinese coals, added with two types of sulfur capture sorbents, were combusted in a drop tube furnace to investigate effect of reaction temperature on sulfur removal during coal combustion. Limestone was used as sorbent and mixed with coal physically for sulfur removal. In addition, another sorbent, calcium acetate, synthesized from natural limestone, was also used for in situ removal of sulfur; it was impregnated into raw coals before combustion. The first series of experiments were carried out in the furnace having downside temperature of 1173 K (the upper side of furnace was at 1573 K). The results proved that calcium acetate captured more sulfur than limestone. In order to understand the effect of reaction temperature on in situ sulfur removal of sorbents, the second series of experiments were carried out at the uniform furnace temperature ranged from 1373 to 1673 K. Moreover, the sulfur removal capability of ashes, taken from combustion of coal with sorbents in drop tube furnace, was studied at 1173 K using thermogravity. The calcium distribution in ashes was analyzed using a novel calcium-based compounds CCSEM category. The results indicated that at certain temperature, higher sulfur removal efficiency was obtained for calcium acetate than that for natural limestone, which is mainly due to the fine dispersion of calcium in impregnated coal so that a good contact was obtained between calcium and sulfur-containing coal particles; increasing the temperature lowered the sulfur removal capabilities of sorbents since the sorbents were captured by inherent aluminosilicate; the sulfur content in raw coal affects the utilization of sorbents significantly in coal combustion. In addition, ashes, rich in calcium, can adsorb SO₂ at 1173 K; the sulfur removal efficiency of fly ash is at least the same as that of natural limestone.     

高温固硫添加剂的选择

根据煤中硫在不同温度下的释放特性 ,对不同固硫剂、添加剂进行了试验研究。根据南桐煤中硫在低温区 ( 50 0℃左右 )显著释放的特性 ,选择了 Ca O作为固硫剂 ,试验表明该固硫剂固硫稳定性好 ,固硫率可达 70 %以上