PMAA/MMT及PMAA/MMT/SiO_2纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用原位插层聚合法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土(PMAA/MMT)纳米复合材料和聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土/二氧化硅(PMAA/MMT/SiO2)纳米复合材料,并比较两种纳米复合材料的结构与性能。研究结果表明,PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料属于插层与剥离共存型纳米复合材料。PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料中蒙脱土的特征衍射峰已经消失,蒙脱土与二氧化硅均匀分散在聚合物基体中。PMAA/MMT及PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料均有一定的鞣制性能,但相对而言PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料的鞣制效果较好。     

PMAA／MMT纳米复合材料的制备

采用原位插层聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土(PMAA/MMT)纳米复合材料,探讨了引发剂用量对复合材料结构的影响。通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、固体核磁共振表征了改性蒙脱土及复合材料的结构。研究结果表明,甲基丙烯酸钠与蒙脱土具有一定的相互作用,甲基丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸钠在蒙脱土层间聚合形成的PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料属于插层型纳米复合材料,引发剂用量对蒙脱土的层间距影响较小。     

St-PMI-AN/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用乳液插层聚合的方法制备了苯乙烯（St）-N-苯基马来酰亚胺（PMI）-丙烯腈（AN）/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并对复合材料的结构、热性能及力学性能进行了表征.结果表明,与蒙脱土插层复合后,复合材料的综合性能有很大提高.采用未经有机化处理的蒙脱土（MMT）制备St-PMI-AN/MMT纳米复合材料,制备工艺比采用有机化蒙脱土（OMMT）简单,而且得到的复合材料的综合性能与St-PMI-AN/OMMT相当,甚至其冲击强度略高.     

蒙脱土负载引发剂法制备PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料

将引发剂过硫酸钾(KPS)负载在MMT片层上制得负载型引发剂MMT-KPS-1和MMT-KPS-2.进而引发甲基丙烯酸(MAA)聚合制备聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土(PMAA/MMT)纳米复合材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、热分析(DTA)分别对负载引发剂和纳米复合材料进行表征.结果表明,KPS进入MMT的片层间,并且负载引发剂(MMT-KPS-1)的引发活性较KPS有所提高;所制备的PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料属于剥离型纳米复合材料,应用于皮革鞣制所得坯革的湿热稳定性、增厚率、抗张强度、撕裂强度都有所提高,鞣后浴液中铬含量显著降低.     

PET/MMT纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究EI

聚合物/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,特别是剥离型的聚合物/MMT纳米复合材料的制备,是提高聚合物力学性能、耐热性能和阻隔性能的重要途径.然而,对于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),由于其中等极性,难以得到剥离型的PET/MMT复合材料.本文采用PET缩聚阶段的催化剂醋酸锑对Na-MMT进行插层改性,并用原位聚合法分别制备了PET/Sb-MMT纳米复合材料和PET/Na-MMT纳米复合材料,采用XRD、TEM分析了PET/MMT复合材料的层间距和微观形貌,并通过DSC、TGA、水平燃烧实验和紫外一可见光透过率分析等方法分别考察了PET/MMT复合材料的结晶性能、热稳定性、阻燃性能以及紫外-可见光透光率.研究结果表明:醋酸锑插层MMT有效地提高了MMT的层间距;与PET/Na-MMT相比,PET/Sb-MMT纳米复合材料的层间距略有增加,且MMT片层有剥离趋势;同时,MMT的加人提高了PET的结晶速率,PET/Sb-MMT的热稳定性,阻燃性和透光率与PET/Na-MMT相比均有提高.     

PET/MMT纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

聚合物/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,特别是剥离型的聚合物/MMT纳米复合材料的制备,是提高聚合物力学性能、耐热性能和阻隔性能的重要途径.然而,对于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),由于其中等极性,难以得到剥离型的PET/MMT复合材料.本文采用PET缩聚阶段的催化剂醋酸锑对Na-MMT进行插层改性,并用原位聚合法分别制备了PET/Sb-MMT纳米复合材料和PET/Na-MMT纳米复合材料,采用XRD、TEM分析了PET/MMT复合材料的层间距和微观形貌,并通过DSC、TGA、水平燃烧实验和紫外一可见光透过率分析等方法分别考察了PET/MMT复合材料的结晶性能、热稳定性、阻燃性能以及紫外-可见光透光率.研究结果表明:醋酸锑插层MMT有效地提高了MMT的层间距;与PET/Na-MMT相比,PET/Sb-MMT纳米复合材料的层间距略有增加,且MMT片层有剥离趋势;同时,MMT的加人提高了PET的结晶速率,PET/Sb-MMT的热稳定性,阻燃性和透光率与PET/Na-MMT相比均有提高.     

酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其泡沫的研究

采用原位聚合的方法将酸化的蒙脱土(H-MMT)与酚醛树脂(PF)进行复合,制成剥离型酚醛树脂/蒙脱土(PF/MMT)纳米复合材料和其泡沫体.用XRD和TEM对复合材料的结构进行研究,并对复合材料泡沫体的性能进行了测试.结果表明:H-MMT与酚醛树脂复合后能形成剥离型PF/MMT纳米复合材料,制成的泡沫中的MMT片层发生...     

取代度和改性MMT对纤维素基高吸水性纳米复合材料性能的影响

以麦秸秆为原料制备羧甲基纤维素(CMC),采用水溶性丙烯酸类单体对其接枝共聚,并添加不同有机季铵盐插层改性的蒙脱土(MMT),通过原位插层聚合制备CMC/丙烯酸类聚合物/OMMT高吸水性纳米复合材料。考察了碱和氯乙酸用量对CMC取代度和增重率的影响,探讨了CMC取代度与产物接枝率、接枝效率、吸水率之间的关系,分析了不同季铵盐改性MMT对材料性能的影响。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射等对纳米复合材料的结构进行表征,结果表明,在OMMT存在的条件下,CMC与丙烯酸类单体成功发生了接枝聚合;随着季铵阳离子碳链取代基的体积增大,改性蒙脱土的层间距越大;所制备的纳米复合材料属于剥离型纳米复合材料。     

丙烯酸树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与鞣制性能

通过原位插层聚合法制备了两种丙烯酸树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,采用X射线衍射、透射电镜及核磁共振等方法对纳米复合材料的结构进行了表征。研究结果表明,所制备的两种纳米复合材料均为剥离型纳米复合材料,纳米复合材料的热性能较相应聚合物提高20℃左右。应用结果表明,两种纳米复合材料均具有鞣制性能,其应用性能较相应聚合物有所提高。     

溶胀MMT制备剥离型 MMT/MCPA6纳米复合材料

MMT经乙醇和水共溶胀后,将其均匀分散于己内酰胺熔体中;再利用浇铸工艺中的真空脱水去除水和乙醇,使己内酰胺在MMT层间阴离子开环聚合,制备了MMT/MCPA6纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、扫描电镜对复合材料的结构进行表征,利用力学性能测试仪、热失重分析仪及差示扫描量热仪对其性能进行测定。研究结果表明,MMT经溶胀后完全剥离并分散于MCPA6基体中,且能诱导γ晶型的形成,并提高了材料的结晶度;但MMT的添加破坏了复合材料晶体的规整性,阻碍了MCPA6分子链的运动,降低了其结晶速率。纳米级分散的MMT使复合材料的韧性略有下降,但强度得到了大幅度的提高,拉伸强度约提高了46.2%,弯曲强度约提高了26.2%,弯曲模量约提高了23.9%。纳米级分散的MMT在复合材料中起热阻隔的作用,少量的MMT可以使复合材料的热分解温度有所提高,残炭率增加,而且复合材料的维卡软化点温度提升至230℃,热变形温度提高至114℃。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.