ANN‐Based Correlation for Heat Transfer Coefficient of Gas‐Liquid Flow for Different Flow Patterns in Horizontal Pipes

Flow patterns and local heat transfer coefficients were measured for air–water flow in a horizontal pipe. A technique based upon a cascade neural network was developed for simultaneously recognition of the flow pattern (FP) and the corresponding heat transfer coefficient (h_TP) for each FP. The results show good agreement between the estimated and the experimental values with 98.35% accuracy for FP and 95.6% accuracy for h_TP. The results were compared with the Kim and Ghajar heat transfer correlation. The findings revealed that the proposed model is efficient and predicts flow more accurately than the Kim and Ghajar correlation.     

Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Nanofluid Flow in a Triangular Duct with Vortex Generator: Two‐Phase Model

Laminar forced convection heat transfer and nanofluids flow in an equilateral triangular channel using a delta‐winglet pair of vortex generators is numerically studied. Three nanofluids, namely; Al₂O₃, CuO, and SiO₂ nanoparticles suspended in an ethylene glycol base fluid are examined. A two‐phase mixture model is considered to simulate the governing equations of mass, momentum and energy for both phases and solved using the finite volume method (FVM). Constant and temperature dependent properties methods are assumed. The single‐phase model is considered here for comparison. The nanoparticle concentration is assumed to be 1% and 4% and Reynolds number is ranged from 100 to 800. The results show that the heat transfer enhancement by a using vortex generator and nanofluids is greater than the case of vortex generator and base fluid only, and the latest case provided higher enhancement of heat transfer compared to the case of a base fluid flowing in a plain duct. Considering the nanofluid as two separated phases is more reasonable than assuming the nanofluid as a homogeneous single phase. Temperature dependent properties model provided higher heat transfer and lower shear stress than the constant properties model.     

脉动热管流型的电容层析成像识别及热管换热特性

结合高速摄像和电容层析成像技术,对脉动热管进行了可视化测量研究.从流型和流向两方面分析了脉动热管的运行机理和传热特性.根据受力分析对脉动热管的结构进行了改进.结果表明:脉动热管存在3种不同流型,即塞状流、环状流以及两者共存的混合流,其对应的影响因素、运行特性与传热强度也不同;从流动方向来看,脉动热管内工质的流动可分为脉动流和循环流;对脉动热管的改进说明改变脉动热管流道的对称性和均衡性有利于循环流的形成和维持.     

矩形微槽道结构与平板微热管传热特性研究

为研究矩形槽道深度对平板微热管传热特性的影响,根据ANSYS(有限元)软件瞬态热仿真结果进行结构设计,利用MEMS(微电子机械系统)干法刻蚀工艺分别制作了不同深度的等宽和不等宽矩形槽道平板微热管。采用乙醇液体工质并在加热功率恒定的条件下,分析了不同充液率的平板微热管轴向温度分布及其等效导热系数。研究结果表明:在加热功率为3.1 W的条件下,槽道深度为220μm的矩形槽道微热管比槽道深度为180μm的矩形槽道微热管传热性能提高近60%,不等宽矩形槽道微热管的轴向温差为25℃左右,要优于等宽矩形槽道微热管的45℃。由此得到微槽道的深度越深,微热管传热性能越佳;不等宽槽道微热管的传热性能优于等宽槽道微热管。     

两相流振荡换热过程数值模拟分析

为深入了解振荡条件下的两相流运动过程与流动换热特性,采用数值仿真研究方法,摒弃活塞复杂的结构因素,以简化模型为研究对象,从基础问题出发探索各因素对两相流振荡换热过程的影响。通过一系列的数值模拟,直观地展现了油腔内两相流运动过程是高度紊乱的不对称流动。研究结果表明:除活塞二阶运动产生偏离外,油腔上下运动引起的压力变化也将引起油柱倾斜,造成喷油与油腔入口偏离;活塞运动产生的强制振荡是影响腔内流动换热波动的决定性因素,油腔表面传热系数、填充率等的波动频率都与活塞运动频率完全吻合。此外,研究还发现喷油速率、活塞转速等参数对填充率和传热系数都会产生显著的影响,但这些影响因素可能并不是单一作用而是相互耦合的。喷油油柱在进入油腔时的速度与活塞的最大运动速度之间的匹配度可能是影响油腔填充率及传热系数的一个关键因素;当喷油的绝对速度与活塞最大速度接近或大于活塞最大速度时,将达到较为理想的填充率和传热系数。     

Effect of Darcy,Reynolds, and Prandtl Numbers on the Performance of Two‐Phase Flow Heat Exchanger Filled with Porous Media

Experimental investigation of two‐phase laminar forced convection in a single porous tube heat exchanger is presented. The effect of Darcy, Reynolds, and Prandtl numbers on the performance of this heat exchanger during the condensation process of carbon dioxide at different test conditions were investigated. Gravel sand with different porosities is used as a porous medium. The flow in the porous medium is modeled using the Brinkman–Forchheimer‐extended Darcy model. Parametric studies are also conducted to evaluate the effects of porosity and Reynolds and Prandtl numbers on the heat transfer coefficient and the friction factor. A dimensionless performance parameter is developed in order to be used in evaluating the porous tube heat exchanger based on both the heat transfer enhancement and the associated pressure drop. The study covers a wide range of inlet pressure (P_in), mass flow rate (), porosity of gravel sand (ε), and Darcy number (Da) which ranged: 34.5 ≤ P_in ≤ 43 bars, 8 * 10^{? 5} ≤ ≤ 16 * 10^{? 5} kg/s, 34.9% ≤ ε ≤ 44.5%, 1.6 * 10^{? 6} ≤ Da ≤ 5 * 10^{? 6}, respectively. The study predicted the combined effect of the Reynolds number, Darcy number, porosity, and Prandtl number on the heat transfer and pressure drop of carbon dioxide during the condensation process in a porous medium. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21117     

窄通道内流动沸腾强化换热研究进展

窄通道具有结构紧凑、传热效率高等优点。随着科技发展,窄通道已经成为强化换热的常用结构形式之一,被广泛应用于各种换热设备。由于窄通道内间隙内气泡的尺寸受限,气泡在发展过程中会受到挤压而发生变形,带走大量的潜热,引起汽液界面的扰动,换热性能较常规通道有很大区别。本文综述了窄通道内的主要流型及转变准则;介绍了几何与工况参数变化对窄通道内换热效果影响的传热实验研究;分析了窄通道中传热机理以及两相摩擦压降机理,并对关联式进行了总结与评述;对窄通道内强化换热的机理与进一步强化换热的方法进行归纳总结;结合目前实验与理论研究总结了现存问题,为窄通道内流动沸腾强化换热的进一步研究提供了参考。     

污水在纳米涂层管内的流动与换热特性

采用新型纳米抗垢涂料是解决城市原生污水冷热源系统污垢的有效措施之一。本文通过工程现场的实验,对XK-368钛纳米聚合物换热器专用涂料涂层管在污水冷热源系统中的流动与换热特性进行了测试。实验结果表明,在工程应用范围内,相同的广义雷诺数下,纳米涂层管的流动阻力系数约为普通无缝钢管的93%;对流换热系数约为普通无缝钢管的89%。这主要是由于涂层表面较为光滑,导致管内污水层流底层的厚度较普通无缝钢管大所引起的。     

分离式热管倾斜蒸发段传热特性的试验研究

采用加热无缝钢管模拟倾斜布置的分离式热管蒸发段,分析了倾角、充液量、热流密度和工作压力对其传热特性的影响,并根据试验结果回归整理了相应的换热系数无量纲准则关系式,与试验数据吻合较好,计算误差小于15％。     

旋转对梯形扰流柱通道流动及换热的影响

采用数值模拟的方法,对在旋转情况下的有弦向出流的梯形扰流柱通道内的三维流场进行了模拟研究。重点研究了在固定出流比的情况下,不同转速对扰流柱通道内的流动情况及端壁平均换热系数的影响。计算结果表明：R_o不为0时,通道内的流场与静止时相比有较大变化,在扰流柱区域内的扰动强度明显增大,流动更加紊乱,在扰流柱区域和无柱区域内均有涡旋现象发生;当Re数一定时,通道的压降和端壁的平均换热系数随着旋转数R_o的增大而增加;旋转对扰流柱通道的压降和端壁换热系数有明显影响,旋转对扰流柱通道流动及换热的影响随通道数Re数的增大而增强。     

无反向流脉动条件下波纹管内流体传热及阻力特性研究

利用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法,在无反向流脉动条件下,分析脉动参数雷诺数Re、斯特劳哈尔数St及振动分率P对波纹管中流体的传热和阻力特性的影响。入口速度为脉动速度,入口温度设为300 K,出口设为自由出口,壁面采用恒温壁面,温度为350 K。研究表明：波纹管内流体处于层流状态时,随着Re的增大,传热强化幅度不断增大;流体处于湍流状态时,传热强化幅度随Re的增大而降低;随着St的增加,传热强化幅度增大;振动分率P对传热强化幅度的影响不明显;平均摩擦系数随着Re的增大而减小,随着振动分率P的增加而小幅度增大,在一个脉动周期内摩擦系数呈正弦规律变化,且随着St的增大发生明显变化,但平均值几乎不变。     

Numerical simulation of steam–water two‐phase flow under dynamic load

A separated‐phase physical model for steam–water two‐phase flow on a rotating platform was developed. The mesh generation for a horizontal pipe was conducted, and the finite volume method was used to discretize the equations. Equations were solved with the SIMPLE algorithm after setting the initial and boundary conditions. Predicted results were compared with experimental data, and they agreed well with each other. The results showed that the fluid outlet pressure and pressure drop in the test section increased with increasing dynamic load. However, the effective heat transferred to the fluid decreased with the increase of dynamic load. The developed model can be used to simulate the gas–liquid two‐phase flow under different gravity or rotary conditions.     

间隔热源加热下新型热管冷板内部汽液两相流动与传热的数值模拟

为了有效解决阵列行波管的多热源、高热流散热问题，研制了一种结构全新的热管冷板。建立了热管冷板内部汽液两相流动与传热的两相流模型，并采用IPSA算法对间隔热源加热下热管冷板的内部流动和传热特性进行了数值模拟。通过数值模拟和试验验证，考察了该热管冷板的初步运行性能，为其实际应用提供了依据。图8表1参9     

A theoretical study of evaporative heat transfer in high‐velocity two‐phase flow of air–water in a small vertical tube

A theoretical study was performed to investigate the evaporative heat transfer of high‐velocity two‐phase flow of air–water in a small vertical tube under both heating conditions of constant wall temperature and constant heat flux. A simplified two‐phase flow boundary layer model was used to evaluate the evaporative heat transfer characteristics of the annular two‐phase flow. The analytical results show that the gravitational force, the gas–liquid surface tension force, and the inertial force are much smaller than the frictional force and hence can be neglected for a small tube. The evaporative heat transfer characteristics of the small tube with constant wall temperature are quite close to those of the small tube with constant heat flux. The mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement is the forced convective evaporation on the surface of the thin liquid film. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(5): 430–444, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10110     

Heat transfer characteristics of a reservoir embedded loop heat pipe (Heat transfer characteristics of a deployable radiator for use on the ETS‐VIII satellite while in orbit)

As heat generation in satellites increases, ensuring that they are provided with sufficient radiator panel area is an important problem. Deployable radiators, with radiator panels that are deployed post‐launch in space to increase the satellite's effective radiator panel area of the satellite, are becoming an important thermal control technology. A reservoir embedded loop heat pipe (RELHP) is used in deployable radiators as a heat transport device. A deployable radiator of this type was mounted on the ETS‐VIII satellite, which was launched on December 18, 2006 and injected into a geostationary orbit. The satellite is still operating without any significant issues over two years later. This paper investigates the heat transport characteristics of an RELHP system used in a deployable radiator in a geostationary orbital environment. This system can be successfully started up in a micro gravity environment. We also found that the sub‐cooling region is shorter in a micro gravity environment than in a terrestrial gravity environment, because there is less heat leakage into the reservoir in a micro gravity environment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20346     

波纹板式空气预热器内流动换热过程的数值模拟

对波纹板式空气预热器内换热与流动过程进行数值模拟,分析了波纹板片的结构特征、波纹倾角β、波纹高度H、波纹节距以及板间距对空气预热器性能的影响.结果表明:当波纹倾角和波纹高度增大时,换热性能提高但是压降增大,在β=45°、H=10mm时换热性能最优;波纹间距的改变对换热性能影响较小,但板间距的影响较为明显,综合考虑换热器的紧凑性,选用较小板间距能达到较好的换热效果.     

圆管螺旋流的流动与传热数值模拟

针对工程中常见的圆管流,采用切向引入装置使流体产生旋转流动,通过建立圆管螺旋流的三维模型,采用RNG-模型对管内流场进行了数值模拟,获得螺旋流的速度场以及强化传热特性。研究入口不同速度对强化传热性能的影响,为旋流强化传热装置的应用提供了必要的依据。     

Effect of dynamic load on heat transfer characteristic of a two‐phase pipe boiling flow

An experimental investigation was performed to obtain the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a single‐phase water flow and a two‐phase pipe boiling water flow under dynamic load in the present work. By analyzing the fluid resistance, effective heat, flow pattern, and heat transfer coefficient of the experimental data, the effects of dynamic load on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of single‐phase water and two‐phase boiling water flow were investigated. The results show that the dynamic load significantly influences the flow characteristic and boiling heat transfer of the two‐phase pipe flow. It will enhance the fluid resistance and heat dissipation toward the ambient environment, and reduce the heat transferred to the two‐phase fluid. The impact mixing flow caused by the dynamic load breaks the uniform and varying principle of the wall temperatures. As a result of that, the greater the dynamic load, the lower the wall inner bottom temperature and the higher the wall inner top temperature in a certain extent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20378     

正反扭转扭带层流换热及摩擦特性的实验研究

本文提出将一种正反扭转且带有双排半圆切口的新型扭带用在套管式换热器上在层流条件下对换热器其换热性能和流动特性进行实验研究并分析这种扭带的综合性能。实验工质为水,Re(雷诺数)变化范围为540~1 440。本实验采用4种不同长度扭带做对比,4种分别是全长、3/4长、半长和1/4长扭带。结果显示,插入全长、3/4长、半长和1/4长扭带的换热Nu(努塞尔数)分别是光管的1.92~3.80,1.69~3.20,1.60~2.62和1.48~2.23倍;f(摩擦阻力系数)分别是光管的3.69~6.30,3.30~5.51,2.72~4.67,2.33~3.55倍;对应的PEC(综合性能指标)分别为1.24~2.06,1.14~1.81,1.15~1.57和1.11~1.47。插入全长扭带在实验范围内达到了最优,插入其它长度扭带的PEC也都高于1,可以应用在压力较小的工况下。最后,本文还对该类型扭带拟合了实验关联式,通过对比实验值和预测值,Nu和f的误差均在10%以内,这为今后的研究提供了理论依据。     

缸内对流换热与气体流动的计算分析

摘要本文将内燃机燃烧室简化成轴对称的二维空间,将计算缸内流动的二维模型与边界层模型相结合,分析了缸内气体的迁移特性与对流换热.文中介绍了在内燃机工作过程中缸内气体边界层的分布与变化、边界层对对流换热的影响,给出了对流挟热系数沿燃烧室表面的分布与变化.与实测结果的比较表明,本文的模型具有较高的精度.