共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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在简要论述填料塔污垢危害的基础上,采用多种电子检测方法,对填料塔污垢的成分进行了精确的分析,并对结垢机理进行了说明论述。通过对填料塔污垢的结垢、溶垢实验,可知物料的成分、浓度以及填料材质对垢层厚度均有一定影响。填料塔中的高分子聚合物污垢成分复杂,结垢厚度不一,不溶于水并且不易与设备表面分离,所以清洗方式根据物理清洗与化学清洗的技术特点,选用化学清洗,为清洗效果更佳同时结合物理清洗方式进行。通过此论述可定制填料塔的清洗方式,以及对深入了解填料塔污垢结垢机理有较好的参考价值。 相似文献
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对反渗透膜的污染原因、污垢种类及其危害进行了综述。准确判断膜清洗时机 ,针对不同的膜材质和不同类型的污垢 ,选用恰当的清洗剂 ,采用合理的清洗工艺 ,清除各类污垢 ,快速恢复膜通量 相似文献
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汽车冷却系统超声波-化学联合法清洗研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对比研究了化学法、超声波法以及超声波-化学联合法对汽车冷却系统中通水管和散热器水垢的清洗效果,以清洗前后的质量变化率和腐蚀速率为衡量指标。结果表明,三种清洗方式的清洗的质量变化率依次为超声波-化学联合法>超声波法>化学法;化学法中选择以氨基磺酸为主的配方化学清洗,最高的清洗变化率可达3.87%,通水管和散热器铜片的腐蚀速率分别为1.27和1.20 mg/(cm2.h);超声波清洗的质量变化率最高可达3.92%,通水管和散热器铜片的腐蚀速率分别为0.002和0.001 mg/(cm2.h)。在超声波-化学联合法清洗效果中,选择氨基磺酸为主的配方+超声波清洗,质量变化率最高可达到6.13%,通水管和散热器铜片的腐蚀速率分别为3.29和3.28 mg/(cm2.h)。 相似文献
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电站运行锅炉化学清洗范例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
着重介绍电站125MW机组410t/h运行锅炉酸洗工艺及化学清洗方案,化学清洗过程及清洗效果的检查及评价,并围绕着化学清洗过程中的问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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陶瓷膜一步清洗法可行性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对大庆油田采油五厂ZrO2陶瓷膜超滤处理油田采出污水中试装置进行了一步清洗法的可行性研究,讨论和分析了3种一步清洗方案的效果。研究表明,全渗透清洗时间长短和药剂的加入方式对清洗效果有重要的影响。试验在全渗透清洗20 min,无渗透清洗100 min,药剂一次性加入的清洗条件下,能够获得高、低压端通量恢复率分别高于75%和90%,无反冲下膜正常运行时间不少于50 h,反冲下运行260 h。清洗方案合适的条件下,一步清洗法是完全可行、可靠的,具有操作过程简单、成本低、节约能源等优点,工业应用前景良好。 相似文献
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Forward-osmosis strategy and chemical cleaning of seawater desalination reverse osmosis membranes 下载免费PDF全文
In order to settle the membrane fouling of reverse osmosis membranes in seawater desalination process, this study reported a novel strategy based on forward-osmosis process and discussed the effects of different factors like different cleaning combination among reverse osmosis product, simulated reverse osmosis concentrate and simulated seawater, as well as cleaning time on the membrane permeate flux and salt rejection. For irreversible fouling, the effects of different chemical cleaning agents, immersion time and concentration were also investigated in this study. The results exhibited that the cleaning combination between diluted water and simulated reverse osmosis concentrate possessed the best cleaning performance in the process of forward-osmosis cleaning. Such approach also enhanced normalized flux from 9.48 L/(m2·h·MPa) to 13.6 L/(m2·h·MPa) and enhanced NaCl rejection from 80.59% to 92.80%. Furthermore, the normalized flux was enhanced from 9.48 L/(m2·h·MPa) to 14.3 L/(m2·h·MPa) and NaCl rejection was also enhanced from 80.59% to 96.27% after soaking in 2%(mass) citric acid solution for 2h, soaking with 1%(mass) ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid tetrasodium salt and 0.3%(mass) sodium tripolyphosphate solution for 1.5 h. According to the result of SEM images and AFM images, the forward-osmosis cleaning strategy could not cause the damage of selective layer of membrane surface and caused the drop of inorganic and organic fouling on the membrane surface. Hence, cleaning fouled RO membranes by such approach could prolong the chemical cleaning cycle and reduce the amount of chemical cleaning agent, which has certain industrial application perspectives. 相似文献
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为解决海水淡化过程中反渗透膜的污染问题,研究了基于正渗透策略的反渗透产水、模拟反渗透浓水、模拟海水不同的组合清洗和清洗时间对膜通量和截留率的影响。针对不可逆污染,研究了不同化学清洗药剂、浸泡时间、浓度对膜通量和截留率的影响。结果表明,正渗透策略清洗方式中,淡水/模拟反渗透浓水的组合清洗方式效果最佳,其归一化通量从9.48 L/(m2·h·MPa)提升至13.6 L/(m2·h·MPa),截留率从80.59%提升至92.80%。此外,经质量分数为2%的柠檬酸溶液浸泡2 h后,再使用质量分数为1%的乙二胺四乙酸四钠盐和0.3%的三聚磷酸钠溶液浸泡1.5 h,其归一化通量从9.48 L/(m2·h·MPa)提升至14.3 L/(m2·h·MPa),截留率从80.59%提升至96.27%。从SEM和AFM图可以看出,正渗透清洗策略并未对膜表面选择层造成损坏,且可以清洗膜表面的有机污染物和无机污染物,因此,应用这种方法对污染的反渗透膜进行清洗,可延长化学清洗周期,减少化学清洗剂用量,具有一定的工业应用前景。 相似文献
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为了对海水淡化过程中的超滤膜进行清洗,利用超滤中试设备研究了反洗水和清洗药剂对超滤膜清洗的效果。分别研究了不同的反洗用水对于跨膜压差的影响,结果表明,清洗效果:淡水(自来水)>超滤产水>反渗透浓水。另选用不同的酸性清洗剂与碱性清洗剂进行清洗,结果表明,清洗效果:柠檬酸>草酸>盐酸>次氯酸钠>氢氧化钠,柠檬酸清洗效果最好,纯水透过速率可从283.24 L/(m2·h)恢复至571.56 L/(m2·h)。此外,实验证明碱洗+酸洗效果优于单独清洗效果,先用氢氧化钠清洗,再用柠檬酸清洗,纯水透过速率可从283.24 L/(m2·h)恢复至818.81 L/(m2·h)。本研究成果对于海水淡化过程中超滤膜的维护具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Ultrafiltration membrane cleaning technology and mechanism based on seawater desalination pilot equipment 下载免费PDF全文
Wenguang WANG Ming TAN Xiaohan SUN Xingtao YANG Xiaodong ZHANG Yang ZHANG Hongwu ZHAO 《化工学报》1951,71(Z2):289-296
In order to clean the ultrafiltration membrane in the process of seawater desalination, this paper studied the cleaning effects of backwash water and chemical agents on the ultrafiltration membrane by using the ultrafiltration pilot equipment. Effects of different backwash water on the transmembrane pressure difference were studied. The results showed that the cleaning effect was in the order of fresh water (tap water) > ultrafiltration water > reverse osmosis concentrated water. In addition, cleaning effect was as follows: citric acid > oxalate > hydrochloric acid > sodium hypochlorite > sodium hydroxide. Citric acid had the best cleaning effect, and the pure water penetration rate could be restored from 283.24 L/(m2·h) to 571.56 L/(m2·h). Moreover, the effect of alkali washing and acid washing together is better than that of cleaning alone. After cleaning with sodium hydroxide and then citric acid, the pure water transmission rate can recover from 283.24 L/(m2·h) to 818.81 L/(m2·h). The results of this study have a good application prospect for the maintenance of ultrafiltration membrane in seawater desalination. 相似文献