回复加热速度对上淬Cu-Al-Mn合金的形状记忆效应的影响

采用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和电阻率测量技术,研究回复加热速度对上淬后Cu-8.8Al-10.27Mn合金的形状记忆效应的影响。结果表明：材料形状回复率随回复加热速度的减小而减小。当回复加热速度为20°C/min时,形状回复率可达75%;而当回复加热速度为1°C/min时,其形状回复率仅为8%。原位金相观察表明：材料的形状记忆效应是由马氏体逆转变后的残余孪晶形变马氏体的稳定性引起的。电阻率分析结果表明：残余孪晶形变马氏体的稳定性与其界面处空位与位错在慢速加热时形成的复合缺陷相关。而复合缺陷的形成会阻碍孪晶形变马氏体的逆转变。     

Ti-Ni-V形状记忆合金及其弹簧的相变和形变特性

用X射线衍射仪、示差扫描量热仪和拉伸实验研究了退火温度Tan和形变温度Td对Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V形状记忆合金丝及其弹簧的相变和形变特性的影响。结果表明:400～600℃退火态合金的室温相组成为B2和R相。冷却/加热时,350～400℃退火态合金发生A→R/R→A(A—母相,R—R相)一阶段可逆相变;450～500℃退火态合金发生A→R→M/M→R→A(M—马氏体相)两阶段可逆相变;550℃退火态合金发生A→R→M/M→A型相变;600℃退火态合金发生A→M/M→A一阶段可逆相变。随Tan升高,R相变温度先升高后降低,M相变温度先升高后趋于稳定,M相变热滞快速降低,而R相变热滞则几乎不受退火温度影响。随Td和Tan升高,退火态Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V合金弹簧的应力诱发M临界切应力升高。     

退火温度对淬火态Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni合金记忆效应的影响

研究了退火温度对淬火态预先存在热诱发ε马氏体的Fe-14Mn-5.5Si-8.0Cr-5.0Ni合金和无热诱发ε马氏体的Fe-19Mn-5.0Si-8.0Cr-6.0Ni合金记忆效应的影响。结果表明:预先存在热马氏体合金的形状回复率随退火温度的升高,先上升后下降,在500℃附近达到最大值。但无热马氏体存在合金的形状回复率随退火温度的变化却相反,在500℃附近达到最小值;两种合金的Ms温度都随退火温度的升高而下降,在500℃附近达到最低。预先存在热马氏体的合金由于退火后Ms温度的降低,减少了热诱发的马氏体量,因而形状记忆效应得到了提高;而无热马氏体存在的合金由于退火后Ms温度的进一步下降,使得应力诱发马氏体转变更不容易发生,因此形状记忆效应反而下降。     

Two-way shape memory effect and its stability in Ti-Ni-Hf high temperature shape memory alloy

The two-way shape memory effect(TWSME) in a Ti36 Ni49 Hf15 high temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) was systematically studied by bending tests. In the TiNiHf alloy, the martensite deformation is an effective method to get two-way shape memory effect even with a small deformation strain. The results indicate that the internal stress field formed by the bending deformation is in the direction of the preferentially oriented martensite variants formed during the bending deformation. Upon cooling the preferentially oriented martensite variants form under such an oriented stress field, which should be responsible for the generation of the two-way shape memory effect.Proper training process benefits the formation of the oriented stress field, resulting in the improvement of the twoway shape memory effect. A maximum TWSME of 0.88% is obtained in the present alloy.     

A high-working-temperature CuAlMnZr shape memory alloy

The martensitic structure in the air-cooled Cu–11.91Al–2.48Mn–0.1Zr (wt%) alloy and its variation upon heating has been studied by X-ray diffraction and TEM. The forward and reverse thermoelastic transformation behavior has been studied by voltage measurement. The shape memory ratio of the alloy aged at 150 °C (in martensite state) for different times up to 100 h, or heated to different temperatures up to 620 °C followed by air cooling, has been measured. The air-cooled state of the alloy has a monoclinic martensitic structure M18R, which closely matches the N18R structure. This structure remains almost unchanged when the alloy is heated to 400 °C. When the alloy is heated to 620 °C, only a small amount of γ₂ phase precipitates and a shape memory ratio of 92% is achieved. When the alloy is aged at 150 °C for 100 h, a shape memory ratio of 97.2% is achieved.     

热处理工艺对Fe-15Mn-4.5Si-10Cr-5Ni系形状记忆合金析出相及形状记忆性能的影响

为了进一步提高Fe-15Mn-4.5Si-10Cr-5Ni系形状记忆合金的形状记忆效应,利用OM、TEM及物理相分析等试验方法,研究了直接时效及固溶+时效热处理工艺对试验合金微观组织、第二相析出及形状记忆效应的影响。结果表明,试验合金经固溶处理后,因第二相粒子大幅度回溶,导致试验合金形状记忆性能下降较为明显;同时,因直接时效处理较固溶+时效处理显著提高了试验合金中Cr碳化物第二相析出量,使试验合金形状记忆性能大幅度提升。其中,试验合金在800 ℃直接时效可获得最佳形状回复率。     

深冷处理对Ni-Ti合金形状记忆效应的影响

用退火、DSC、XRD、深冷处理及机械训练等方法,对Ni(50.62%)Ti(49.38%)合金的显微组织、相变温度、相组成、形状回复率进行研究,探索提高该合金形状记忆效应的新方法。结果表明,该合金Ms点为-2℃,As点为22℃;退火态Ni-Ti合金主要由奥氏体及少量粒状的Ti3Ni4相组成;用液氮与乙醇经不同比例混合配制成的介质进行深冷处理,随着深冷温度的降低,合金的形状回复率增大;随着训练次数的增加,其回复率曲线呈抛物线状;该合金在3次机械训练-196℃深冷时回复率最好,为51.27%。     

NiTi形状记忆合金的热电行为

研究了形状记忆合金线的热电行为。当合金线被加热到温度高于其相变温度时,由于相的转变而产生一个大的机械力。将 SMA 线用作驱动器,并研究了不同的参数及它们之间的关系。在不同的压力水平下,这些变化的参数分别是弹性应变(位移)、温度磁滞和电阻。通过传递热模型得到安全的加热电流并预测了相变温度。在自然空气对流的条件下,采用680 mA的电流加热、冷却合金线796 s。在43 MPa的应力水平下,应变恢复率为4.33%,相应的电阻变化为11.2%。在加热、冷却循环过程中,电阻变化与位移和电流分别呈线性关系。该研究有助于精确控制有、无外部传感器反馈的SMA线驱动器。     

Ti（50）Ni（47）Fe3形状记忆合金冷轧变形后的组织与性能

采用拉伸测试、维氏硬度测试、电阻率-温度曲线测试及扫描电镜和透射电镜观察显微组织的方法研究冷轧变形量为25%的Ti50Ni47Fe3合金经450-750°C下1 h退火后的显微组织和性能。结果表明,冷轧变形增强了合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度,冷轧变形后形成的应力场有助于R相变的发生。随着退火温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度下降,伸长率增大;当退火温度高于650°C时,强度和伸长率趋于稳定。电阻-温度曲线表明,在升、降温过程中发生两阶段相变B2-R-B19′。随着退火温度的升高,合金的相变温度降低;当退火温度高于650°C时,相变温度趋于稳定。随着退火温度的升高,合金依次发生回复、再结晶和晶粒长大。     

Effect of chemical component on shape memory effect of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloy

Effect of chemical component on shape memory effect (SME) of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloys was studied by bent measurement, thermal cycle training, SEM etc. Results of study indicate that the alloys with high Mn content (25%) appeare better SME, especially in lower strain. SME improves evidently when Si is higher content, especially it's range from 3% up to 4%. But brittleness of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE alloy increases by increasing the Si content. SME of the alloy is weakening gradually as carbon content increases under small strain (3%). But in the condition of large strain (above 6%), SME of the alloy whose carbon content ranges from 0.1 % to 0.12% shows small decreasing range, especially of alloy with the addition of compound RE.     

Effect of heat treatment on the transformation behavior and temperature memory effect in TiNiCu wires

The effect of heat treatment on the phase transformation behavior of TiNiCu shape memory alloy wires and the temperature memory effect in this alloy were investigated by the resistance method. These results showed that with increasing annealing temperature and annealing time, the phase transformation temperatures of TiNiCu wires were shifted to higher temperatures in the heating and cooling process. It was also found that incomplete thermal cycles, upon heating the TiNiCu wires, which were arrested at a temperature between the start and finish tem-peratures of the reverse martensite transformation, could induce a kinetic stop in the next complete thermal cycle. The kinetic stop tempera-ture was closely related to the previous arrested temperature. This phenomenon was defined as the temperature memory effect. The result of this study was consistent with the previous report on the phenomenon obtained using the differential scanning calorimetry method, indicating that temperature memory effect was a common phenomenon in shape memory alloys.     

Ni_(54)Mn_(25)Ga_(15)Al_6高温形状记忆合金的微观组织和相变行为(英文)

研究Ni54Mn25Ga15Al6高温形状记忆合金的微观组织、马氏体相变特性、力学性能和形状记忆效应。通过与Ni54Mn25Ga21合金对比,分析添加第四组元Al对Ni-Mn-Ga合金性能的影响。结果表明:Ni54Mn25Ga15Al6合金为单一的四方结构非调制马氏体相并呈片状的马氏体孪晶板条形貌。该合金的马氏体相变开始温度超过190°C,具有发展成为高温形状记忆合金的潜力。在Ni-Mn-Ga合金中添加Al会降低马氏体相变温度,这主要归因于Al添加引入的晶格尺寸因素的改变。添加Al元素能有效提高合金的强度和塑性,但降低合金的形状记忆性能。     

Ti-13at.-％Ni-37at.-％Pd记忆合金预形变与高温形状记忆效应SCIEI

本文着重地研究了Ti-13at.-％Ni-37at.-％Pd合金的高温形状记忆效应与预形变温度的关系.该合金A_s温度是620K,具有单程形状记忆效应和双程形状记忆效应。在620—640K温度预形变,可以得到最大的形状记忆应变,这与在此温区产生的最小可逆应变能有关。     

Ti-50.8Ni合金的相变、形状记忆和超弹性特性

用热重分析仪、X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、示差扫描热分析仪和拉伸试验研究了Ti-50.8Ni形状记忆合金的组织、相变、形状记忆效应(SME)和超弹性(SE)特性。结果表明,Ti-50.8Ni合金在600℃以下退火后组织呈纤维状,在该温度以上退火后组织呈等轴状。加热温度超过600℃后合金氧化加剧。随退火温度Ta升高,合金冷却/加热过程中的相变类型由A→R→M/M→R→A型向A→R→M/M→A型再向A→R/R→A型转变(A—奥氏体,R—R相,M—马氏体),合金的M相变温度升高,R相变温度降低,M相变热滞降低,合金室温特性由SME+SE向SE转变。形变温度Td<20℃时,合金弹簧呈SME+SE,Td>30℃时,合金弹簧呈SE。随Td升高,合金弹簧的应力诱发M应力升高。     

HIGH TEMPERATURE SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT AND PRE-DEFORMATION FOR Ti_(50) Ni_(13) Pd_(37) ALLOY

The dependence of high temperature shape memory effect on the pre-deformation tempera-ture of the Ti_(50)Ni_3Pd_(37) alloy has been studied.This alloy,of which the reverse transformationstart temperature on heating is 620 K,has both one-way and two-way shape memory effects.The maximum shape memory strain of the ahoy may be obtained under pre-deformation inthe range of 620 to 640 K.This seems to be related to the minimum recoverable strain energyemerged from the above mentioned temperature range.     

Influence of roll and solution treatment processing on shape memory effect of Fe-14Mn-5Si-9Cr-5Ni alloy

The shape memory effect was studied in an Fe-14Mn-5Si-9Cr-5Ni alloy rerolled at 1123 K after hot rolling at 1423 K, followed by solution treatment at different temperatures. It was found that the alloy exhibits a maximum degree of shape recovery in a bending test and a complete recovery tensile strain of 2.2% in samples that were solution heated at 973 K for 600 s and then quenched in water. The rerolled processing at 1123 K after hot rolling at 1423 K and the microstructure under solution treatment state are important for obtaining a good shape memory effect in the alloy.     

Temperature memory effect of Ti50Ni30Cu20 (at.%) alloy

After the reverse thermal induced martensitic transformation process of shape memory alloy is arrested at a temperature between the reverse transformation start and finish temperatures (A_s and A_f), and then cooled to a temperature below M_f, a kinetic stop will occur in the next heat flow curve during the heating process. The kinetic stop is closely related to the arrested temperature. This phenomenon is called temperature memory effect (TME). TME of Ti₅₀Ni₃₀Cu₂₀ (at.%) shape memory alloy with phase transformation between B2 austenite and B19 martensite has been investigated by differential scanning calorimeter in this paper. The results indicate that TME of Ti₅₀Ni₃₀Cu₂₀ alloy only exists in the heating process.     

Temperature memory effect of Ni47Ti44Nb9 wide hysteresis shape memory alloy

The temperature memory effect (TME) phenomenon of Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ wide hysteresis shape memory alloy was studied. It was found that TME occurred during the reverse transformation for the thermally-induced martensite (TIM) but not for the stress-induced martensite after incomplete transformation cycling. The reverse transformation temperature interval of TIM can be doubly broadened after 10 incomplete transformation cycles.     

R-phase transformation of aged Ti-Ni shape memory alloy

Ti-50.6Ni（molar fraction, %） shape memory alloy solution treated at 850 ℃ for lh followed by ageing treatment at 450 ℃ for 3 h was studied with differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）, X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. DSC measurement reveals two separate transformation peaks. XRD and TEM demonstrate that a three-stage transformation occurs. The Ti3 Ni4 precipitates are coherent with the R- phase. The crystal structure of R-phase was analyzed by two diffraction patterns method. The diffraction patterns of R-phase were obtained in detail from the same region.     

Cu-11.19Al-6.43Mn合金的形状记忆效应

测试了Ｃｕ－１１．１９Ａｌ－６．４３Ｍｎ合金的形状记忆效应,研究了预变形程度、恢复温度和训练次数对该合金的单向和双向形状记忆效应的影响。结果表明：该合金有一个能完全恢复的最大预变形程度εｍ,它随恢复温度的提高而增大,其最大值约为４．５％;合金的双向记忆效应随训练次数增加而增大。在适当的训练次数和训练温度下,其最大的冷却和加热时的开头恢复量之比值约为３０％。