地基-结构动力相互作用对基础隔震效果的影响

以多层基础隔震框架为研究对象,利用有限元分析方法,研究地基-结构相互作用效应对基础隔震结构隔震效果的影响。对考虑和不考虑SSI效应时隔震体系的动力特性和地震响应的差异进行对比,并对地基-结构相互作用效应各组成因素对隔震后地震响应的影响规律进行分析。分析结果表明,地基-结构相互作用效应对基础隔震结构存在影响,在工程设计中,隔震结构不应忽略地基-结构相互作用效应的影响。     

基于有限基础刚度的框架-剪力墙结构抗震设计

从框架-剪力墙结构协同工作基本微分方程入手,推导基于有限基础刚度的框架-剪力墙结构侧移刚度以及水平荷载作用下的侧移和内力计算方法。重点研究剪力墙下和框架柱下基础刚度对框架-剪力墙结构侧移刚度、最大层间相对水平位移及内力分布的影响规律,揭示现行规范对框架-剪力墙结构框架剪力调整的必要性。提出框架-剪力墙结构合适基础刚度的理念和确定方法,有利于进一步完善高层建筑抗震设计。分析结果和震害情况表明,剪力墙下基础刚度退化,框架-剪力墙结构在水平荷载作用下内力重分布显著,框架内力沿竖向分布有所增大,特别是底层框架柱剪力、弯矩急剧增大,应引起足够重视。     

外包式钢桁架-混凝土组合设备基础

传统意义上的钢桁架-混凝土组合结构,是钢桁架位于混凝土板之下,考虑混凝土板对钢桁架受力性能的贡献.这种传统的钢桁架-混凝土组合结构,可以定义为下置式钢桁架-混凝土组合结构.本文介绍在设备基础中成功应用的钢桁架外包混凝土板结构,即钢桁架上下弦位于块体式混凝土设备基础上下表面,这是一种全新的组合结构形式.为区别起见,暂定名外包式钢桁架-混凝土组合结构,因其在设备基础中应用,而称之为外包式钢桁架-混凝土组合设备基础.与传统概念的钢桁架-混凝土组合结构不同的是,该结构的基本特点是钢桁架夹混凝土梁,在技术上是一个创新.外包式钢桁架-混凝土组合设备基础已有大量应用于设备基础工程中的报道,取得了良好的经济效益.本文扼要介绍这种设备基础从施工工艺发展和开发的历程,以及施工方法、受力特点和计算方法.本文对这种新结构的应用前景予以展望.     

超高层大跨度预应力转换筏板-桩基础设计与研究

国内城市地铁建设已进入快速发展阶段,地铁上盖物业开发项目日益增多。超高层建筑基础区域位于地铁区间上部,为尽量减少地铁与上部建筑的相互影响,上部建筑的基础与地铁结构完全脱开,从而使上部建筑在基础底板处形成大跨度转换结构,且由于建筑和地铁结构的限制,使得大跨度基础转换结构的高度受到较大限制,为此,需采用新型的超高层基础形式,并考虑该基础对地铁结构的影响。介绍了武汉轨道交通某地铁上盖超高层建筑新型基础结构的设计。该基础采用大跨度预应力转换筏板+钻孔灌注后压浆桩基础,采用理论分析和现场检测相结合的方法,充分考虑了桩-筏板-土共同作用,并通过施工模拟分析,考虑上部结构对基础的影响,并进行施工过程中预应力筏板内力和变形、桩顶内力和沉降、桩间土反力的实时检测和研究工作,以期验证和确保基础及结构安全,进一步明确预应力筏板-桩-土共同作用的机理和相关参数,为类似工程设计提供参考。     

基于锥体模型的埋置块式基础有效地震动输入研究

用子结构法分析土-结构相互作用时,需要知道基础的有效地震输入。本文利用锥体简化模型研究埋置块式基础的有效地震动输入。首先,建立土-结构相互作用体系的基本运动方程,得到土-结构相互作用和基础有效地震输入之间的关系。在此基础上,利用埋置圆盘组来模拟埋置基础,分析得到了埋置基础有效地震动输入。最后,通过算例表明此方法具有很高的精度,适用于工程计算。     

生态复合墙结构桩筏基础优化设计分析

为了研究生态复合墙结构在地基基础与结构相互作用时桩筏基础的优化设计方法,建立生态复合墙-剪力墙混合结构和纯剪力墙结构在相互作用条件下的数值计算模型,计算了结构及地基基础的内力及变形。结合计算结果,分析了相互作用对桩筏基础、地基的应力、应变等的分布规律的影响,并将两种结构计算结果对比分析,研究了筏板厚度、混凝土强度、桩长、桩径等因素的变化对上部结构、桩筏基础的应力、应变及桩顶反力、桩筏荷载分担比等的影响,为生态复合墙结构桩筏基础基于地基-基础-结构相互作用的优化设计提供了参考。     

土-结构相互作用对基础隔震体系地震反应的影响

基础隔震技术已广泛地应用于建筑结构、桥梁等工程领域,现有规范和基础隔震抗震理论,忽略了土-结构相互作用的影响。但是,土-结构相互作用对基础隔震体系的影响程度、影响因素是值得探讨的。通过ANSYS软件建立了三维有限元模型,输入El-Centro（N-S）波、TAFT波、唐山滦河地震记录、天津宁河地震记录进行非线性地震反应分析,并对考虑土-结构相互作用的基础隔震体系地震反应影响因素进行分析,得到了一些有益的结论。     

格式基础计算与沉降差控制

本文提出一种考虑格式基础-土体系共同工作的计算方法.它将格式基础离散为杆元,把土作为有限压缩层分层弹性体;导出该体系共同工作平衡方程;通过方程求解和回代,得到地基沉陷、基底应力和基础内力.该法遵循现行地基基础规范,接近格式基础实际工作情况,并且不难将上部结构介入,为考虑上部结构-格基-土体系共同工作开拓了道路.同时,基于这一算法,在地基强度许可条件下,以控制沉降差来确定基础底板尺寸.从而可以有效地减小基础挠曲,降低基础内力,进而减小由沉降差引起的上部结构次内力,使整个结构体系的变形与受力趋于合理,从而优化了设计.     

结构-基础-地基相互作用的结构设计探讨

研究了目前结构设计中存在的问题,分析了结构设计时考虑上部结构-基础-地基相互作用的必要性,提出了考虑结构-基础-地基相互作用的结构设计新方法,预测了结构设计方法的发展趋势,并做了可行的尝试.     

结构-地基体系的Dunkerley-Southwell公式

本文基于弹性半空间理论及所采用的动力分析模型,由结构-地基体系的特征方程出发,推导出结构-地基体系的Dunkerley-Southwell公式。它克服了原来Dunker-ley-Southwell公式的局限性,考虑到结构基础埋置深度、基础转动惯量、基础质量及平移-旋转运动的耦合效应等因素,能更合理地反映结构-地基体系的工程实际。本文公式尚可推广应用于结构-桩-地基体系基频的计算。该公式不仅计算简捷,且计算结果具有较高精度。     

不同桩长、桩径桩筏基础的分析方法

针对具有不同桩长、桩径群桩的桩筏基础进行研究,采用筏基无单元方法对筏板进行模拟,基于共同作用原理,以桩与桩、桩与土相互作用的解析模型为基础,建立了层状地基上不同桩长、桩径、桩体材料情况下,桩筏基础与地基共同作用的一种分析方法。旨在解决具有特殊桩群,或通过桩长、桩径、桩体材料的变化、优化桩土刚度分布、调平设计时的桩筏基础计算问题。该方法可方便地用于非均匀布桩、非规则平面形状桩筏基础的计算和优化分析。与基于实际工程的大型模型试验结果的比较表明,该方法是合理可行的,并具有较好的实用性。     

基于减小筏板差异沉降的刚性桩复合地基试验研究

针对高层建筑筏板荷载分布特点,采用内密外疏布桩和仅在筏板中心布桩方式,通过现场缩尺(1:10)模型试验,完成了带上部结构无桩筏板和刚性桩复合地基筏板静载荷试验。分析了筏板沉降、桩端平面以下地基沉降和筏板外侧地面沉降、筏板下桩土反力分布、桩土荷载传递及桩土荷载分担比。研究了工作荷载下不同布桩方式降低筏板差异沉降的效果。     

桩顶与筏板多种连接构造方式工作性状对比试验研究

针对桩顶与筏板之间不同构造形式下的相互作用,对可压密土中刚性桩复合地基、常规桩筏基础和桩顶预留净空桩筏基础进行了现场模型试验,测量了筏板沉降、筏板内外不同深度地基土沉降、桩身轴力和桩间土反力,分析了不同荷载级别下筏板沉降、筏板内外不同深度地基土沉降、桩土荷载传递特性和桩土荷载分担比分布规律。与刚性桩复合地基和常规桩筏基础相比,对于桩顶预留净空桩筏基础工作性状,研究发现在桩顶与筏板接触前,桩顶预留净空桩筏基础工作性状与刚性桩复合地基相似;桩顶与筏板接触后,其工作性状与常规桩筏基础相似。试验条件下,桩顶与筏板之间接触、设置褥垫层、预留净空(或可压缩垫块)不同连接方式可显著影响桩间土的压缩及桩土相对滑移,对上述三者来说,桩身下部桩、土相对滑移量(桩端刺入量)依次减小。     

分层土中桩筏基础荷载分担问题的有限元分析

采用三维有限元方法建立桩筏基础模型来考虑各种影响因素对桩土分担比的影响。地表硬壳层的存在能够有效地提高筏板的分担作用。通过对不同桩距和布桩方式桩筏基础的计算,发现当桩距径比增大时,桩间土的承载作用有显著提高,但当大于7d之后则无显著变化。此外,还研究了不同桩端土的相对刚度以及应力水平下桩筏基础共同作用性状,可供工程设计人员参考,以优化设计并满足较高的经济性。     

Centrifuge model tests on piled raft foundation in sand subjected to lateral and moment loads

Piled raft foundation has been widely recognized as a rational and economical foundation system with the combined effects of raft and piles. However, the behavior of laterally loaded piled raft foundation has not been well understood due to the complicated interaction of raft–ground–piles. A series of static horizontal loading tests were carried out on three types of foundation models, i.e., piled raft, pile group and raft alone models, on sand using a geotechnical centrifuge. In this paper, the influences of relatively large moment load and rotation on the overall performance of laterally loaded piled raft foundation were examined. From the centrifuge model tests, it is found that the vertical displacement due to horizontal loads is different between piled raft and pile group foundation, and this vertical displacement has significant influences on the performance of laterally loaded piled raft foundation. The horizontal resistance of the pile part in the piled raft foundation is higher than those observed in the pile group foundation due to raft base contact pressure. The vertical displacement of the foundation due to the horizontal loads affects the vertical resistances of piles, which results in the different mobilization of moment resistances between the piled raft and pile group foundations.     

Response in piled raft foundation of tall chimneys under along-wind load incorporating flexibility of soil

The present paper deals with the numerical analysis of tall reinforced concrete chimneys with piled raft foundation subjected to along-wind loads considering the flexibility of soil. The analysis was carried out using finite element method on the basis of direct method of soil-structure interaction (SSI). The linear elastic material behavior was assumed for chimney, piled raft and soil. Four different material properties of soil stratum were selected in order to study the effect of SSI. The chimney elevation and the thickness of raft of piled raft foundation were also varied for the parametric study. The chimneys were assumed to be located in terrain category 2 and subjected to a maximum wind speed of 50 m/s as per IS:875 (Part 3)-1987. The along-wind loads were computed according to IS:4998 (Part 1)-1992. The base moments of chimney evaluated from the SSI analysis were compared with those obtained as per IS:4998 (Part 1)-1992. The tangential and radial bending moments of raft of piled raft foundation were evaluated through SSI analysis and compared with those obtained from conventional analysis as per IS:11089-1984, assuming rigidity at the base of the raft foundation. The settlements of raft of piled raft foundation, deflection of pile and moments of the pile due to interaction with different soil stratum were also evaluated. From the analysis, considerable reduction in the base moment of chimney due to the effect of SSI is observed. Higher radial moments and lower tangential moments were obtained for lower elevation chimneys with piled raft resting on loose sand when compared with conventional analysis results. The effect of SSI in the response of the pile is more significant when the structure-foundation system interacts with loose sand.     

桩筏基础有限元分析设计优化

运用简化的共同作用分析方法,并将采用点弹簧模拟高层建筑下桩对筏板的作用与面弹簧模拟高层建筑下桩对筏板的作用进行对比。通过不同影响因素(有限元网格划分、弹簧属性的选择)分析筏板基础的受力及变形并得出结论以供广大工程人员参考。     

Comparative study of load distribution ratio of various piled raft foundations based on coupled stiffness matrix

Load distribution ratio of piled raft foundation was investigated based on an interactive foundation analytical method that considers the coupling effect between the stiffness of the superstructure, the piled raft, and the soil. Series of numerical analysis was performed to verify the proposed analytical routine in comparison with various methods and field measurements. Through the comparative studies between various piled rafts with different aspects, it was found that the proposed analytical method derived accurate results in structural response compared with actual field data, in settlement, load distribution ratio, and raft bending moment. And it was also found that the proposed analytical method was capable of considering interaction between superstructure and foundation in predicting the behavior of building structures. As a result, it was found that in most cases, the pile in the piled raft foundation supports a majority portion of the structural load. However, for cases where the length of the pile was short and acts as a short column, the load distribution ratio between raft and pile may be overturned and shows significantly different behavior and load distribution ratio.     

Physical modeling of behaviors of cast-in-place concrete piled raft compared to free-standing pile group in sand

Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level, the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pile–soil–raft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.     

大底盘基础结构荷载传递特征及基础设计控制要素

高层建筑大底盘基础结构的荷载、刚度分布不均匀,由差异变形引起的基础结构内力分析工况非常复杂,其内力和变形分析应通过上部结构、基础和地基共同作用分析得到。采用通过模型试验及工程测试结果验证的分析方法研究大底盘基础结构荷载传递特征;对基础结构底板的弯曲、剪切、冲切验算结果进行分析,提出大底盘基础结构设计的控制要素。研究表明：大底盘基础结构由于基础结构外挑,基础整体刚度减弱,使得基础沉降以及地基反力的分布形态与单体结构的有较大区别,应控制主体结构的整体挠度及主裙楼结构的沉降差;地基反力分布呈“盆形”,主体结构核心筒部位的基底反力小于主体结构的平均基底反力值;核心筒部位的结构荷载向主体结构边端柱转移;主裙楼结构相邻处的基础底板弯矩较大;满足冲、剪验算要求的无裙房与无附属建筑的单体建筑筏板基础刚度由核心筒部位的筏板冲、剪控制,而大底盘基础的核心筒、主体结构的外框柱部位的筏板刚度均应加以控制。