炼油厂总加工流程优化方法的探讨

当今世界原油资源紧缺,原油价格波动较大。因而如何设计出合理的总加工流程,能够适应加工原油在一定范围内变化,保证炼厂的经济效益,就变得非常重要。本文在总结近年国内外炼油行业对总加工流程优化的方法上进行探讨。     

LP数学校正模型在陶瓷原料常规元素EDXRF分析中的应用

本文介绍在使用PV9550能量色散X－射线荧光能谱仪测定陶瓷原料中常规元素时,选用LP数学模型进行基体效应校正的方法。经实验证实,该法与化学法测试结果具有良好的一致性,分析的准确度与精确度都能满足生产要求,具有简便、快速、准确的优点。     

用于建立世界级LP模型的数据支撑解决方案

从世界级LP模型对数据的要求以及线性和非线性数据处理方式入手,详细阐述了通过对Petro—SIM模拟模型的使用,产出完整、准确、可靠的装置生产数据,详细刻画和涵盖了装置的所有运行状况的情况,为世界级LP模型的建立提供了可靠的数据支持。     

炼油厂火炬系统的工艺设计

合理进行炼油厂火炬系统工艺设计,对保证工艺装置安全生产、保护环境、节能降耗、降低工程投资具有重要意义。结合某工程设计实践,对火炬系统工艺流程设计、火炬系统主要工艺计算等进行了较为详细的阐述,对火炬系统设计中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

试论炼油厂总平面布置

介绍炼油厂总平面布置设计。强调优化布置设计与节约用地和节能降耗的关系。     

炼油厂生产计划不可行线性规划模型的诊断

In order to effectively diagnose the infeasible linear programming (LP) model of production planning in refinery, the article proposed three stages strategy based on constraints' classification and infeasibility analysis.Generally, infeasibility sources involve structural inconsistencies and data errors, and the data errors are further classified into Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The three stages strategy are: (1) Check data when they are inputted to detect data error Ⅰ and repair them; (2) Inspect data whether they are accorded with material balance before solving the LP model to identify data error Ⅱ and repair them; (3) Find irreducible inconsistent system of infeasible LP model and give diagnosis information priority-ranked to recognize data error Ⅲ and structural inconsistencies. These stages could be automatically executed by computer, and the approach has been applied to diagnose the infeasible model well in our graphic I/O petro-chemical industry modeling system.     

提高炼油厂环保管理措施研究

炼油厂生产过程中,很容易导致环境污染。炼油生产的污水中含有硫化物、二氧化碳等成分,如果直接排放会造成环境污染。炼油厂生产设备在室外的空间内运行,雨水的渗入也会带来安全隐患,因此,有必要研究炼油厂的安全环保措施,提高炼油厂的环保性能,满足环保的技术要求。     

变频器在炼油厂中的应用

阐述了电机变频调速技术在炼油企业中的水泵、油泵、风机上的应用,收到了良好的节电效果,一般节电在30%以上.变频调速技术可靠,利于安全、环保及延长电机的使用寿命,可广泛应用于炼油行业.     

现代化炼油厂技术集成应用的设计思路

针对大型现代化炼油厂适应原油多元化趋势的发展以及资源合理利用和节能环保的需求方面的技术集成应用进行研究,为解决资源利用与能耗水平、环境保护与经济效益等矛盾与难题提供一些设计思路。     

炼油厂火炬系统工艺设计分析

对炼油厂火炬系统的工艺设计进行分析,不仅能提高炼油厂生产装置的规模和先进程度,还可以有效控制企业的成本投入。本文从炼油厂火炬系统工艺设计的需要、国内外设计的发展情况出发,分析了火炬系统的设计原理和工艺流程,对火炬系统的阻火装置设计提出了安全上的优化方案。此次研究对炼油厂火炬系统安全性、先进性具有很好的理论和实践参考价值。     

Product tri-section based crude distillation unit model for refinery production planning and refinery optimization

Accuracy of a crude distillation unit (CDU) model has a significant impact on refinery production planning. High accuracy is typically accomplished via nonlinear models which causes convergence difficulties when the entire refinery model is optimized. CDU model presented in this work is a mixed-integer linear model with a modest number of binary variables; its accuracy is on par with rigorous tray to tray CDU models. The model relies on the observation¹² that a line through the middle of the product true boiling point (TBP) curve depends on the crude feed properties and the yields of the adjacent products. Novelty of the product tri-section CDU model is that it does not require models of individual distillation towers comprising the CDU, thereby leading to a much simpler model structure. Significant reduction in the computational effort required for the optimization of nonlinear refinery models is illustrated by comparison with previous work.     

炼厂生产计划优化模型

This article addresses a production planning optimization problem of overall refinery. The authors formulated the optimization problem as mixed integer linear programming. The model considers the main factors for optimizing the production plan of overall refinery related to the use of run-modes of processing units. The aim of this planning is to decide which run-mode to use in each processing unit in each period of a given horizon, to satisfy the demand, such as the total cost of production and inventory is minimized. The resulting model can be regarded as a generalized lot-sizing problem where a run-mode can produce and consume more than one product. The resulting optimization problem is large-sized and NP-hard. The authors have proposed a column generation-based algorithm called branch-and-price （BP） for solving the interested optimization problem. The model and implementation of the algorithm are described in detail in this article. The computational results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and the solution method.     

创新强化传热策略与应用提升炼化企业竞争力

强化传热是炼化企业实现绿色低碳发展和提升综合竞争力的有效途径。本文基于丰富的工程知识沉淀与炼化设计实践,通过系统梳理、总结,将炼化企业的强化传热工程策略划分为设备元件、工艺过程和全厂3个层次。通过梳理管壳式换热器等的工程应用方案,归纳了面向特殊工艺和介质的设备元件强化传热;通过总结芳烃、原油蒸馏、乙烯等装置热能/冷能利用,归纳了面向工艺与工程技术集成的工艺过程强化传热;通过总结全厂大系统回收与优化利用低温热资源、蒸汽系统梯级优化利用、循环水系统串级利用等,归纳了炼化企业全厂强化传热。强化传热工程策略在海南炼化公司、青岛炼化公司的实际应用表明,两者的综合能耗、单因能耗均达到国内先进水平。本文的阐述有望为强化传热工程策略的发展、完善,为丰富炼化工程强化传热内涵发挥积极的指导和示范作用。     

面向对象的炼油厂全厂调度优化模型及程序框架

基于考虑炼油装置优化操作模式切换过程的总体思想,构建了一套炼油厂全厂调度优化离散时间模型结构,并形成配套的程序框架。采用面向对象的建模方式,引入模态指示矩阵等表达,为炼油厂生产调度建模提供了较为清晰的参考思路。通过GAMS和MATLAB的数据交互,实现二者优势互补,为进一步研究炼油生产调度模型提供便利、奠定基础。案例研究验证了所提模型结构及程序框架的有效性。     

通用炼油厂水系统优化模型开发与应用

传统水系统优化往往只考虑了新鲜水用量,而忽视了除盐水、除氧水、各等级蒸汽、蒸汽冷凝水、循环冷却水等类型的水,缺乏对各类型水量关联性的研究。针对这种局限性,提出了包含多种类型水的通用用水过程模型,以及通用炼油厂水系统优化的超结构和相应的数学模型,模型中集成了各装置及各种类型水之间关联的物料衡算方程。利用商业软件GAMS对某炼油厂的水系统进行建模求解,案例分析结果表明,除盐水用量有所下降,回用水用量增加,在优化前后雨水量保持469.36 t·h^-1的情况下,系统的新鲜水用量从489.44 t·h^-1减小到283.94 t·h^-1,以系统新鲜水量和雨水量之和为基准,节水率达到21.4%。加工吨原油取水量从0.649 t减小至0.510 t,接近国内先进水平。案例研究表明,提出的优化模型能够有效地计算整个炼油厂水系统的新鲜水用量,验证了该模型的实用性。     

合成氨装置低压蒸汽发生器的设计

介绍合成氨装置低压蒸汽发生器的设备结构、选材、结构设计及制造检验等设计思路和方法,分析探讨管程堆焊结构、焊接方式及焊环式密封结构的设计,为合成氨装置中高温高压容器设计总结出一套可行的方法。     

超稠油炼制污水生化处理工程设计

针对辽河石化稠油与超稠油加工污水高含油、高乳化、高CODCr、高NH3-N及高悬浮物的特点,设计了以一级水解酸化、CAST、二级水解酸化、曝气生物滤池(BAF)为核心的生化处理工艺,出水达到《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》(DB 21/1627—2008)中第二类污染物新扩改一级标准。     

基于公理化设计理论的产品配置建模方法及其在大型化工装备中的应用

结合产品配置模型信息形成的特点,提出了基于公理化设计理论的化工装备产品配置建模方法。该方法详细讨论了产品设计过程中功能-结构域间映射,将具有约束信息的功能要求定义为功能-约束集成单元,将具有特征信息的设计参数定义为结构-特征集成单元,通过建立系统数据库和结构-特征集成单元间的特征关系,构建了基于结构-特征集成单元的化工装备产品配置模型。公理化设计理论的引入,使得产品配置建模更加科学化,并使设计者能在众多复杂的方案中快速做出正确的选择。最后以空分装备产品为例,建立了产品的配置模型。     

Hybrid model for optimization of crude oil distillation units

Planning, scheduling, and real time optimization are currently implemented using different types of models, which causes discrepancies between their results. This work presents a single model of a crude distillation unit (preflash, atmospheric, and vacuum towers) suitable for all of these applications, thereby eliminating discrepancies between models used in these decision processes. Product true boiling point (TBP) curves are predicted via partial least squares model from the feed TBP curve and operating conditions (flows, pumparound heat duties, furnace coil outlet temperatures). Combined with volumetric and energy balances, this enables prediction of crude distillation on par with a rigorous distillation model, with 0.5% root mean square error (RMSE) over a wide range of conditions. Associated properties (e.g., gravity, sulfur) are computed for each product based on its distillation curve and corresponding property distribution in the feed. Model structure makes it particularly amenable for development from plant data. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1065–1078, 2016     

Process flow sheet synthesis: Systems‐level design applied to synthetic crude production

A novel approach for conceptual design for process flow sheets at the “systems‐level” is showcased in this article. A graphical technique, called the “GH‐space,” is used to analyze the flows of material, heat and work within a process to provide insight into the interactions of various units within the process. Any unit process, which interacts with the surroundings by transferring heat and work, can be represented as a vector on the GH‐space. While material and energy balances are normally performed on a flowsheet, this vectored approach allows the material and energy balances to be used to construct a flowsheet. This article focuses on using the GH‐space to synthesis a synthetic fuels flowsheet. It was shown that a process could be designed that not only produced the desired product but could also consume carbon dioxide as a feed, along with the feeds of methane and oxygen, and could even potentially generate electricity. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 5413–5424, 2017