炼油厂总加工流程优化方法的探讨

当今世界原油资源紧缺,原油价格波动较大。因而如何设计出合理的总加工流程,能够适应加工原油在一定范围内变化,保证炼厂的经济效益,就变得非常重要。本文在总结近年国内外炼油行业对总加工流程优化的方法上进行探讨。     

LP数学校正模型在陶瓷原料常规元素EDXRF分析中的应用

本文介绍在使用PV9550能量色散X－射线荧光能谱仪测定陶瓷原料中常规元素时,选用LP数学模型进行基体效应校正的方法。经实验证实,该法与化学法测试结果具有良好的一致性,分析的准确度与精确度都能满足生产要求,具有简便、快速、准确的优点。     

用于建立世界级LP模型的数据支撑解决方案

从世界级LP模型对数据的要求以及线性和非线性数据处理方式入手,详细阐述了通过对Petro—SIM模拟模型的使用,产出完整、准确、可靠的装置生产数据,详细刻画和涵盖了装置的所有运行状况的情况,为世界级LP模型的建立提供了可靠的数据支持。     

炼油厂火炬系统的工艺设计

合理进行炼油厂火炬系统工艺设计,对保证工艺装置安全生产、保护环境、节能降耗、降低工程投资具有重要意义。结合某工程设计实践,对火炬系统工艺流程设计、火炬系统主要工艺计算等进行了较为详细的阐述,对火炬系统设计中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

试论炼油厂总平面布置

介绍炼油厂总平面布置设计。强调优化布置设计与节约用地和节能降耗的关系。     

炼油厂生产计划不可行线性规划模型的诊断

In order to effectively diagnose the infeasible linear programming (LP) model of production planning in refinery, the article proposed three stages strategy based on constraints' classification and infeasibility analysis.Generally, infeasibility sources involve structural inconsistencies and data errors, and the data errors are further classified into Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The three stages strategy are: (1) Check data when they are inputted to detect data error Ⅰ and repair them; (2) Inspect data whether they are accorded with material balance before solving the LP model to identify data error Ⅱ and repair them; (3) Find irreducible inconsistent system of infeasible LP model and give diagnosis information priority-ranked to recognize data error Ⅲ and structural inconsistencies. These stages could be automatically executed by computer, and the approach has been applied to diagnose the infeasible model well in our graphic I/O petro-chemical industry modeling system.     

提高炼油厂环保管理措施研究

炼油厂生产过程中,很容易导致环境污染。炼油生产的污水中含有硫化物、二氧化碳等成分,如果直接排放会造成环境污染。炼油厂生产设备在室外的空间内运行,雨水的渗入也会带来安全隐患,因此,有必要研究炼油厂的安全环保措施,提高炼油厂的环保性能,满足环保的技术要求。     

变频器在炼油厂中的应用

阐述了电机变频调速技术在炼油企业中的水泵、油泵、风机上的应用,收到了良好的节电效果,一般节电在30%以上.变频调速技术可靠,利于安全、环保及延长电机的使用寿命,可广泛应用于炼油行业.     

现代化炼油厂技术集成应用的设计思路

针对大型现代化炼油厂适应原油多元化趋势的发展以及资源合理利用和节能环保的需求方面的技术集成应用进行研究,为解决资源利用与能耗水平、环境保护与经济效益等矛盾与难题提供一些设计思路。     

炼油厂火炬系统工艺设计分析

对炼油厂火炬系统的工艺设计进行分析,不仅能提高炼油厂生产装置的规模和先进程度,还可以有效控制企业的成本投入。本文从炼油厂火炬系统工艺设计的需要、国内外设计的发展情况出发,分析了火炬系统的设计原理和工艺流程,对火炬系统的阻火装置设计提出了安全上的优化方案。此次研究对炼油厂火炬系统安全性、先进性具有很好的理论和实践参考价值。     

不确定条件下炼化企业计划与调度整合策略

A strategy for the integration of production planning and scheduling in refineries is proposed.This strategy relies on rolling horizon strategy and a two-level decomposition strategy.This strategy involves an upper level multiperiod mixed integer linear programming(MILP) model and a lower level simulation system,which is extended from our previous framework for short-term scheduling problems [Luo,C.P.,Rong,G.,\"Hierarchical approach for short-term scheduling in refineries\",Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,46,3656-3668(2007)].The main purpose of this extended framework is to reduce the number of variables and the size of the optimization model and,to quickly find the optimal solution for the integrated planning/scheduling problem in refineries.Uncertainties are also considered in this article.An integrated robust optimization approach is introduced to cope with uncertain parameters with both continuous and discrete probability distribution.     

Hybrid model for optimization of crude oil distillation units

Planning, scheduling, and real time optimization are currently implemented using different types of models, which causes discrepancies between their results. This work presents a single model of a crude distillation unit (preflash, atmospheric, and vacuum towers) suitable for all of these applications, thereby eliminating discrepancies between models used in these decision processes. Product true boiling point (TBP) curves are predicted via partial least squares model from the feed TBP curve and operating conditions (flows, pumparound heat duties, furnace coil outlet temperatures). Combined with volumetric and energy balances, this enables prediction of crude distillation on par with a rigorous distillation model, with 0.5% root mean square error (RMSE) over a wide range of conditions. Associated properties (e.g., gravity, sulfur) are computed for each product based on its distillation curve and corresponding property distribution in the feed. Model structure makes it particularly amenable for development from plant data. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1065–1078, 2016     

Lurgi和ICI低压甲醇合成工艺比较

通过对Ｌｕｒｇｉ低压甲醇合成工艺和ＩＣＩ低压甲醇合成工艺的流程情况、床层温度分布状况、催化剂的使用效果及动力消耗进行分析比较,认为：Ｌｕｒｇｉ低压甲醇合成工艺比ＩＣＩ低压甲醇合成工艺具有更优的技术经济性,更有利于发挥催化剂的作用和降低甲醇的生产成本．     

PVC“湿碰湿”涂装生产线规划设计概述

每条新建的涂装生产线规划,关系到设备投资成本、生产线工艺流程、厂房土建成本、后期运营成本,因此对涂装生产线的规划设计需慎重对待。奇瑞公司积极响应节能降耗号召,采用PVC“湿碰湿”工艺技术,从而省去PVC独立的烘干炉,达到了节能降耗的目的。从涂装生产线规划设计的角度,阐述了这一条新建生产线的规划设计流程。     

浅谈车架涂装生产线工艺设计

叙述了车架涂装生产线工厂工艺设计,提出并讨论了工艺规划设计和选择非标设备和机械化设备时值得注意的几点建议。     

Selection of control configurations for economic model predictive control systems

Economic model predictive control (EMPC) is a feedback control method that dictates a potentially dynamic (time‐varying) operating policy to optimize the process economics. The objective function used in the EMPC system may be a general nonlinear function that describes the process/system economics. As this function is not derived on the sole basis of classical control considerations (stabilization, tracking, and optimal control action calculation) but rather on the basis of economics, selecting the appropriate control configuration, and quantifying the influence of a given input on an economic cost is an important task for the proper design and computational efficiency of an EMPC scheme. Owing to these considerations, an input selection methodology for EMPC is proposed which utilizes the relative degree and the sensitivity of the economic cost with respect to an input to identify and select stabilizing manipulated inputs with the most dynamic and steady‐state influence on the economic cost function to be assigned to EMPC. Other considerations for input selection for EMPC are also discussed and integrated into a proposed input selection methodology for EMPC. The control configuration selection method for EMPC is demonstrated using a chemical process example. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3230–3242, 2014     

我国炼油企业与国外同行的差距分析

通过对我国部分炼油企业与国外炼油企业的对比分析,剖析了国内炼油企业与国外相比存在差距的主要原因。大多数国内炼油企业装置利用率低,复杂度高,能耗高,所炼原油、装置结构和产品结构之间不太匹配,净现金利润较低。因此加大结构调整力度,以市场为导向,进行所加工原油、装置结构和产品结构之间的优化是缩小国内炼油企业差距的关键所在。