金属腐蚀防护有机涂料的研究进展

在金属表面涂敷有机涂层是金属腐蚀防护的重要方法之一，本文综述了有机防腐涂料的研究现状与发展趋势，着重介绍了几种性能优异的新型有机防腐涂料。     

石油储罐的涂料防护

探讨了我厂石油储罐内采用自制导静电涂料的防护情况及涂料的性能，并介绍了一些国内外的防护涂料及其应用情况。     

静水压力对超磁致伸缩纵向换能器性能的影响

以超磁致伸缩纵向换能器为对象,开展了静水压力下换能器的性能实验研究,给出了研究结果,并指出了今后工作方向.     

静水压力对粘弹性功能梯度结构力学性能的影响研究

研究了静水压力对粘弹性功能梯度材料与结构的力学性能的影响.基于粘弹性材料Boltzmanna积分型本构关系式,推导了静水压力作用下粘弹性功能梯度材料的本构关系,并假设其蠕变模量在结构厚度方向上连续变化,组分材料的体积分数呈幂律分布;在此基础上,研究了静水压力引起的粘弹性功能梯度结构横截面材料属性分布、厚度、刚度及功能梯度结构弯曲、屈曲和振动特性的变化,给出了恒定静水压力作用下,不同体积分数指数的粘弹性功能梯度结构厚度与刚度随时间变化的曲线.计算结果表明,在静水压力作用下,粘弹性功能梯度结构的厚度和刚度都发生了变化,并最终导致其弯曲、屈曲和振动性能都发生了较大的变化.     

水性金属防护涂料的研究进展

从金属表面过渡层技术、自分层技术及高性能水性成膜聚合物的合成、水性涂料成膜过程研究等方面，论述了水性金属涂料领域存在的问题、所取得的进展及发展趋势。     

纳米埃洛石对涂料及涂布纸性能的影响

以纳米埃洛石、GCC、Clay组成颜料体系,研究纳米埃洛石用量对涂料及涂布纸性能的影响.研究结构表明,纳米埃洛石独特颗粒形态及尺寸,使其对涂料及涂布纸的性能有较大的影响.涂料的粘度随埃洛石用量的增加而增大,涂料保水值略有减小;使用埃洛石后,涂布纸白度、光泽度、表面印刷强度随着其用量的增加而增大,纸张的平滑度、油墨吸收性也有一定的改善.     

钢结构防护用氟碳涂料的应用

氟碳涂料性能优越,已逐渐取代其他防腐涂料,在钢结构、桥梁等工程中广泛应用,具有优异的长效防腐性和耐候性.此文介绍了氟碳涂料防腐体系的施工工艺及应用.     

深海牺牲阳极模拟环境电化学性能研究

通过采用电化学性能测试、极化测试和电化学阻抗测试等方法评价了研制的深海牺牲阳极在模拟深海环境中的性能,并与常规环境进行对比。结果表明,深海阳极在模拟深海环境中的电流效率达95%,实际电容量大于2 700 A·h/kg,工作电位接近-1.1 V,溶解形貌良好,腐蚀产物脱落,整体电化学性能优异,但受深海低温低氧环境影响,深海阳极在模拟深海环境中的发出电流量及反应活性略低于常规环境。     

静水压力和阴极极化对钛合金应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用电化学极化实验、慢应变速率拉伸实验、断口形貌观察和恒变形应力腐蚀裂纹扩展实验的方法,研究静水压力和阴极极化对Ti75合金海水应力腐蚀的影响。结果表明:静水压力对Ti75合金的应力腐蚀敏感性没有明显影响。在阴极极化情况下,Ti75合金的应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子(K_ISCC)下降,其应力腐蚀敏感性随着电位的负移而提高,-0.77 V为氢致应力腐蚀发生的临界电位。     

Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Transport Properties of Cadmium Diarsenide Crystals

The electrical resistivity and Hall coefficient of n-type CdAs₂crystals cut along [001] and [100] were measured at hydrostatic pressures in the range 0–9 GPa. The (P) and R _H(P) curves for the [001] direction show three peaks at 1.8, 3, and 5.5 GPa. In the [100] direction, the curves show two peaks at 3 and 5.5 GPa. The peaks at 1.8 and 3 GPa are likely related to impurity levels. The peak at 5.5 GPa is due to the phase transition of CdAs₂. The parameters of the phase transition are determined.     

超高压处理对鸡全蛋液杀菌效果和品质的影响

目的通过测定菌落总数、理化性质和感官品质,研究超高压对鸡全蛋液杀菌效果及贮藏期的影响。方法以市售鲜鸡蛋为原料制备全蛋液,以沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌模拟高染菌情况(>106 CFU/mL),研究25℃下采用超高压(压强为150~400 MPa,保压时间为2.5~12.5 min)对全蛋液微生物(菌落总数、大肠杆菌菌落总数、沙门氏菌是否检出)、物理特性和感官品质的影响。结果经超高压杀菌后,蛋白质变性率、白度和粘度上升,起泡性和感官评分下降;在贮藏期间,白度、起泡性和pH值不断下降,粘度先上升后下降。结论在300 MPa,7.5 min条件下超高压杀菌,鸡全蛋液符合GB 2749-2015《食品安全国家标准蛋与蛋制品》微生物限量要求和感官要求,且对蛋液物理特性影响较小。经此条件杀菌的鸡全蛋液可在4℃下贮藏20 d。     

Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure Upon the Relaxation of Birefringence in Amorphous Solids

A study was made of the effect of hydrostatic pressure upon the relaxation of birefringence in two commercial plastics which were glasslike in nature. The birefringence was introduced into the materials by loading in uniaxial compression, and the decay of birefringence with time was measured using a polarimeter. The rate at which the optical path-difference disappeared was greatly inhibited by the hydrostatic pressure, and a pressure of 10,000 bars was found to be sufficient to stop the release completely. The results are interpreted as the effect of hydrostatic pressure upon the mobility of the materials. Some experiments were conducted to determine the effect of temperature upon the relaxation, that the effects of pressure and temperature might be compared.     

压力对材料组织性能影响的研究进展

综述了研究中所用到的压力产生装置及压力对材料组织性能影响的研究现状。阐述了各种压力产生装置的作用原理及优缺点,从再结晶、相变、金属性能和超导性能、晶体缺陷等方面总结了压力对材料组织性能影响的研究现状,并展望了未来研究的发展趋势。     

基于弹丸爆炸毁伤效应的复合材料与结构研究进展

军用地面装备的方舱化已成为当代不可逆转的发展趋势,但由于结构特点的限制,军用方舱的防护能力较弱。为了提高方舱在现代战争中的生存能力,基于弹丸爆炸毁伤效应的复合材料与结构的研究受到世界各军事强国的高度重视,得到了全面发展。弹丸爆炸的毁伤效应主要包括高速破片的侵彻效应与冲击波的破坏效应,文章回顾了军用方舱的发展历程,从防破片侵彻、防冲击波破坏以及防复合破坏效应等方面详细综述了复合材料与结构的研究进展和应用现状。     

Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Rate Dependence of the Fracture Toughness of High-Filled Polymeric Materials

The paper presents results of an experimental investigation of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the fracture toughness of high-filled polymeric materials. It has been shown that the critical value of the stress intensity factor and hence the crack propagation rate increase with increasing hydrostatic pressure of the medium. To take into account the effect of pressure on the fracture toughness characteristics of the materials under investigation, it is proposed to employ the pressure-time analogy method. The method makes it possible to represent experimental plots of fracture toughness against crack propagation rate, obtained at various levels of hydrostatic pressure, as a generalized pressure-time plot that defines the influence of loading conditions on fracture characteristics of the material. Simple empirical relations are proposed for the approximation of the experimental data obtained.     

The Role of Hydrostatic Pressure in Severe Plastic Deformation

The contribution presents several experimental examples which show that the presence of an enhanced hydrostatic pressure—as compared to conventional large deformation modes—is one of the main features of severe plastic deformation (SPD). At the example of systematic high pressure torsion experiments with Cu at room temperature, strength measurements after deformation showed that the onset strains of deformation stages III, IV, and V are not affected by the pressure applied; however, the related onset flow stresses increase by at least 10 % of the values of low pressure torsion, per GPa of pressure increase. During deformation, increases of flow stresses by at least 40 % of the values of low pressure torsion, per GPa of pressure increase, have been found. From comparisons with tests on Ni, the increases appear to grow with the materials melting temperature. For a theoretical explanation of flow stress increases the pressure induced changes of i) the elastic moduli, and ii) the formation energy of lattice defects. While contribution i) is almost negligible, contribution ii) accounts for an increase of flow stress during deformation by about 15 % per GPa of pressure increase. The difference left to experiment has to be attributed to a third contribution, i.e., the pressure specific evolution of the structure. For this contribution, a modification of the model of Zehetbauer and Les^[1–3] is introduced which is based on the pressure caused decrease of lattice diffusion. The latter is thought to restrict the diffusion controlled annihilation of dislocations, thus leading to a higher density of vacancies, dislocations and/or grain boundaries causing the higher stress level observed.     

深水静压环境中夹芯结构PUEPM芯材蠕变特性实验研究

通过弹性力学分析,将深水静压环境中夹芯结构芯材力学状态与加套筒静压实验中芯材的力学状态进行对比,提出研究深水静压环境中夹芯结构黏弹性芯材蠕变特性的套筒实验方法;针对三种不同配方的聚氨酯改性环氧基微珠增强吸声体(Polyurethane Modified Epoxy Resin Sound Absorption Materials,PUEPM)芯材开展准静态套筒压缩实验和加套筒蠕变实验,得到了芯材的蠕变性能。结果表明:玻璃微珠含量较低,短切纤维含量较高的分层PUEPM芯材具备较好的蠕变性能;玻璃微珠含量越大,芯材变形回弹性能越好;B型PUEPM芯材具备较好的综合力学性能。     

高性能混凝土结构在热带海洋环境下的服役寿命

近些年,高性能混凝土以其高强度,高抗渗性、抗冻融性、耐腐蚀性的特点得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文通过实验所得数据,简要分析了高性能混凝土在南海热带海洋环境下对混凝土结构服役寿命的影响。结果表明:运用高性能混凝土能大幅度延长混凝土结构的使用寿命。对于港口、防波堤等结构,在热带海洋环境下按照现行规范《水运工程混凝土施工规范》(JTS 202-2011)中规定的最小保护层厚度(65mm)进行设计,不能达到50年的寿命要求,必须增加保护层的厚度至75mm,或者施加附加防护措施,才能满足寿命要求。     

一种上向深孔现场混装用乳胶基质的研究

针对国内地下矿山上向孔深孔装药仍采用人工装药,存在返粉率高、爆破效果不稳定及工人劳动强度大等问题,基于理论机理分析及批量装药试验,生产了可用于地下矿的上向深孔用乳胶基质,系统研究了该乳胶基质的抗颠簸试验、泵送试验、储存期试验、黏度试验、爆炸性能等。结果表明,在试验条件下,该乳胶基质储存期可达6个月以上,可在道路500 km内长距离运输不破乳,20 ℃乳胶基质黏度为90~100 Pa·s,不掉药,经敏化装药后爆破效果较好,符合GB/T 14372—2013、GB 50089—2018及GB 28286—2012行业标准要求。为发展地下矿山混装乳化炸药一站多点的模式提供性能可靠的混装产品。