孔隙率对SiCp/AZ91D复合材料单轴压缩裂纹萌生及扩展的影响

使用内聚力模型及有限元分析方法,在含实际形貌SiC_p颗粒增强AZ91D镁基复合材料有限元模型中引入孔隙缺陷。分析不同孔隙率对SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料在单轴压缩情况下的裂纹萌生及扩展的影响。结果表明：无孔隙的SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料裂纹萌生在颗粒尖角与基体交界处,含孔隙的复合材料在基体孔隙以及颗粒尖角与基体交界处均会萌生裂纹,复合材料的孔隙率越高,其抗压强度和屈服强度越低,断裂裂纹长度越长,孔隙率的增加使得复合材料的裂纹萌生和断裂的时间提前,加速了复合材料裂纹萌生扩展直至断裂。     

SiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料单轴拉伸过程中裂纹萌生扩展机制

利用Abaqus有限元分析软件研究了不同体积分数和不同形状颗粒的SiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料在单轴拉伸下的裂纹萌生、扩展以及断裂机制。结果表明，圆形颗粒SiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料的屈服强度为248 MPa,正方形颗粒SiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料的屈服强度为190 MPa,原始形状颗粒镁基复合材料的屈服强度为210 MPa。颗粒体积分数为10%、15%和20%的复合材料裂纹断裂时间分别在施载后的第40、第33和第31μs。圆形颗粒复合材料的裂纹扩展机制是基体损伤萌生的裂纹扩张导致材料断裂，而正方形颗粒复合材料和原始形状颗粒复合材料的裂纹扩展机制是颗粒与基体交界处萌生裂纹，导致主裂纹形成并产生次生裂纹扩张直至材料断裂。     

单/双尺寸SiCp对AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

以AZ91D镁合金和平均颗粒尺寸为10μm和10 nm的SiC颗粒分别作为基体和增强相,通过半固态机械搅拌法制备出单、双尺寸SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料。结果显示,SiC_p体积分数为2%的10 nm SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料的抗拉强度达到198 MPa,提升了34.7%,屈服强度达到113 MPa,提升了46.7%,伸长率达到6.4%,这主要由于纳米SiC颗粒的晶粒细化作用。断裂机制表明,SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料裂纹主要沿微米SiC_p-AZ91D的界面扩展。     

AZ91系列压铸镁合金高周疲劳断口形貌分析

AZ91D压铸镁合金中加入富Ce稀土后,组织得到明显细化,压铸过程中产生的气孔变小,分布更加均匀,能够减少疲劳裂纹源的产生。AZ91D合金拉伸断口表现为既有解理台阶又存在细小撕裂棱及韧窝的混合断裂特征,加入1?后,合金断口的韧性断裂特征增加,有利于提高合金的室温力学性能。AZ91D合金疲劳裂纹源萌生于合金内部的气孔和夹杂处,疲劳裂纹沿晶界扩展,加入稀土后,疲劳裂纹扩展区有疲劳辉纹出现,疲劳断裂呈现出准解理和韧窝断裂的混合特征。     

AZ91D+xNd压铸镁合金拉伸和疲劳断裂模式

压铸AZ91D镁合金中添加稀土Nd后,生成了新的稀土化合物Al11Nd3相,合金显微组织得到细化,力学性能得到提高,但是当Nd的添加量达到1.5%时,合金的力学性能又有所下降。AZ91D xNd合金拉伸断口具有准解理、撕裂棱及韧窝等韧性特征,但其断裂方式仍属于脆性断裂。含Nd的AZ91D合金疲劳裂纹萌生于试样的表面或亚表面下的孔隙或夹杂处,疲劳裂纹扩展区为平面状断面,含1.0%Nd合金的疲劳辉纹最为清晰,疲劳断口主要表现为脆性与韧性的混合断裂方式,局部存在准解理台阶与河流花样以及穿晶型和沿晶型二次裂纹。     

热轧参数对铸态AZ91镁合金组织与性能的影响

通过不同道次压下量和轧制道次的热轧成形实验,研究了不同变形条件对AZ91铸态镁合金组织和析出相演变的影响,以及合金在热轧变形中的开裂行为。实验结果表明:对AZ91镁合金多道次、小压下量轧制是实现其累积大塑性变形的途径之一。在实验轧制条件下,AZ91镁合金塑性变形仍以孪生变形为主,动态再结晶并未明显进行,仅在晶界及析出相附近发生部分不连续动态再结晶。轧制变形过程中,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相呈短条棒状或颗粒状分布于晶界附近,且尺寸更为细小。在晶界附近分布的脆性析出相成为微裂纹萌生的源头,随着累积变形量的增加,部分Mg_(17)Al_(12)相被轧碎形成二次裂纹,裂纹进一步沿晶界扩展,造成明显开裂现象。     

多元Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金热疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展行为

研究了在不同温度下的3种不同处理状态的多元Al-7Si-0.3Mg铝合金热疲劳性能,提出了用积分方法及割线法计算热疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,并对合金的热疲劳裂纹生长行为进行了分析。结果表明：温度变化对多元Al-7Si-0.3Mg铝合金的热疲劳裂纹扩展速率有直接的影响,添加了Cu、Mn、Ti等元素的多元Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金在细化变质处理和直接细化变质处理后的热疲劳性能优于铸态Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金。热疲劳裂纹的萌生需经历一定的孕育期,裂纹萌生于V型缺口处,当交变热应力超过合金的屈服强度σ_s时,沿着V型缺口的应力集中部位或缺陷处会出现不同类型的热疲劳裂纹,但有且只有1条主裂纹。当裂纹尖端扩展路径与第二相颗粒长轴方向形成小于45°的夹角时,裂纹扩展将沿着第二相颗粒的边缘继续向前扩展;当裂纹尖端扩展路径与第二相颗粒短轴方向形成小于45°的夹角时,裂纹将穿过第二相颗粒,继续向前扩展。     

挤压铸造准晶增强AZ91D镁基复合材料组织与性能

为了改善AZ91D镁合金的性能,采用挤压铸造法制备了Mg-Zn-Y准晶中间合金增强AZ91D镁基复合材料,研究了准晶中间合金含量对复合材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明挤压铸造工艺可以有效细化晶粒,复合材料的显微组织主要由α-Mg基体、晶界上分布的β-Mg17Al12相以及Mg3Zn6Y准晶颗粒组成,准晶颗粒和α-Mg基体之间形成稳定结合。当准晶中间合金含量为5%时,抗拉强度和断后伸长率达到最大值,分别为194.3MPa和9.2%。复合材料的强化机制为细晶强化和准晶颗粒强化。     

压铸镁合金AZ91D高周疲劳性能研究

研究了压铸镁合金AZ91D在应力比R=0．1条件下的高周疲劳性能。结果表明：AZ91D压铸镁合金的室温条件疲劳强度在应力比R=0．1时大约相当于其抗拉强度的44％；AZ91D合金内部的一些缺陷如夹杂等，容易引起应力集中，从而导致裂纹的萌生；AZ91D合金的疲劳断口可以观察到3个典型区域：疲劳源区、疲劳裂纹扩展区和瞬断区。疲劳裂纹扩展区的疲劳裂纹不明显，疲劳断口呈现出准解理断口的形貌。     

SiC及Cu-SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料的制备及性能

利用化学镀法制备了Cu包覆SiCp,研究了SiCp及Cu-SiCp增强镁基复合材料(SiCp/AZ91D和Cu-SiCp/AZ91D)的性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪及UTM4304电子万能试验机分析测试了镁基复合材料的组织结构,相组成及力学性能。结果表明,SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料主要由α-Mg和Mg2Si相组成,SiC镀Cu后能够进一步细化晶粒,同时在Mg2Si相周边出现层片状的α+β相。SiCp/AZ91D和Cu-SiCp/AZ91D复合材料的力学性能显著高于AZ91D基体合金,Cu-SiCp/AZ91D复合材料的的抗拉强度达195.7 MPa。室温拉伸时,AZ91D合金表现为典型的脆性断裂特征,而SiCp/AZ91D和Cu-SiC/AZ91D复合材料表现为韧性断裂及部分准解理断裂。     

纳米SiC增强AZ91D复合材料高温拉伸及断裂行为

采用复合分散铸造法制备了纳米SiC颗粒(n-SiCp)增强AZ91D复合材料,研究了复合材料在高温下的拉伸及断裂行为。结果表明:n-SiCp的加入可以提高复合材料的高温拉伸强度,高温下n-SiCp对复合材料的增强效果比室温更加明显;n-SiCp的加入还显著提高了复合材料在高温下的断后伸长率,复合材料具有较好的高温塑性。断口分析表明,n-SiCp的加入使复合材料在高温下的断裂行为由室温的脆性断裂为主转化为典型的韧性断裂。     

基于纳米压痕法分析无铅焊点内Cu6Sn5金属化合物的力学性能

采用纳米压痕技术对微电子封装中无铅焊点内界面化合物(IMC) Cu6Sn5的弹性模量和硬度进行了测试.根据实际工业工艺流程和服役工况,制备接近真实服役状态下的微电子封装中无铅焊点界面化合物试样;采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDX)确定IMC的形貌和化学成分;利用连续刚度测量(CSM)技术,采用不同的加载速率对无铅焊点(Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu、Sn0.7Cu和Sn3.5Ag)内的界面化合物Cu6Sn5进行测量,得到载荷、硬度和弹性模量-位移曲线.根据纳米压痕结果确定Cu6Sn5的蠕变应力指数.     

Fabrication of carbon nanotubes reinforced AZ91D composites by ultrasonic processing

Magnesium matrix nanocomposite reinforced with carbon nanotubes （CNTs/AZ91D） was fabricated by mechanical stirring and high intensity ultrasonic dispersion processing. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite were investigated. The results show that CNTs are well dispersed in the matrix and combined with the matrix very well. As compared with AZ91D magnesium alloy matrix, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the 1.5%CNTs/AZ91D nanocomposite are improved by 22%, 21% and 42% respectively in permanent mold casting. The strength and ductility of the nanocomposite are improved simultaneously. The tensile fracture analysis shows that the damage mechanism of nanocomposite is still brittle fracture. But the CNTs can prevent the local crack propagation to some extent.     

Effect of Hydrogen on Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of AZ91 Alloy in Aqueous Solutions

The effect of hydrogen on the corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of the magnesium AZ91 alloy has been investigated in aqueous solutions.Hydrogen produced by corrosion in water diffuses into,and reacts with the Mg matrix to form hydride.Some of the hydrogen accumulates at hydride/Mg matrix(or secondary phase) interfaces as a consequence of slow hydride formation and the incompatibility of the hydride with the Mg matrix(or secondary phase),and combines to form molecular hydrogen.This leads to the development of a local pressure at the hydride/Mg matrix(or secondary phase)interface.The expansion stress caused by hydride formation and the local hydrogen pressure due to its accumulation result in brittle fracture of hydride.These two combined effects promote both the corrosion rate of the AZ91 alloy,and crack initiation and propagation even in the absence of an external load.Hydrogen absorption leads to a dramatic deterioration in the mechanical properties of the AZ91 alloy,indicating that hydrogen embrittlement is responsible for transgulanar stress corrosion cracking in aqueous solutions.     

Grain boundary engineering based on fractal analysis for control of segregation-induced intergranular brittle fracture in polycrystalline nickel

The effect of grain boundary microstructure on the fracture resistance of sulfur-doped polycrystalline nickel was investigated using specimens with different grain boundary microstructures to reveal the usefulness of grain boundary engineering for control of segregation-induced intergranular brittle fracture of polycrystalline materials. The sulfur-doped polycrystalline nickel specimen with more homogeneous fine-grained structure and a higher fraction of low-Σ coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries shows higher fracture resistance than the specimen with coarse-grained structure and a lower fraction of low-Σ CSL boundaries. It was found that high-energy random boundaries play a key role as the preferential crack path in fracture processes. The resistance to sulfur segregation-induced intergranular brittle fracture was evaluated by analyzing the fractal dimension of random boundary connectivity in the polycrystalline nickel specimens studied. The fractal dimension of random boundary connectivity decreases with increasing fraction of low-Σ CSL boundaries, resulting in the generation of a higher fracture resistance by restricting more frequent branching and deflection of propagating crack path along random boundaries from the main crack.     

激光熔化沉积TC18钛合金的低周疲劳行为

研究激光熔化沉积TC18钛合金的室温低周疲劳行为。通过双重退火热处理制度获得的TC18钛合金显微组织由细小的片层状初生α相和转变β基体组成,且晶界α相不均匀。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了低周疲劳试样疲劳断口以及纵截面。结果表明,在低周疲劳断口可以观察到多个裂纹源。主裂纹源区与次裂纹源区具有不同的断裂形貌。当裂纹沿着晶界α相扩展时,连续的晶界α相导致平直的裂纹扩展模式,而不连续的晶界α相导致曲折的裂纹扩展路径。     

高氮高钼合金连铸表面裂纹原因分析

S31254是一种超级奥氏体不锈钢,含有大量的Cr、Ni、Mo、N和Cu等合金元素,具有优异的抗腐蚀性能和综合力学性能。当前,S31254合金连铸主要问题是表面裂纹。通过对S31254合金的材料特性、热模拟断裂机制、凝固原位观察研究,利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜系统分析了S31254裂纹缺陷成因。研究结果表明,S31254合金中有大量分布于铸态组织晶界的析出相,析出相包括σ相、χ相、Laves相和氮化物等,析出相特征是富Cr和Mo、贫Ni。当温度升高至1 240℃左右时,所有的析出相熔入到奥氏体相中,最后熔化的析出相为σ相。随着S31254合金析出相沿晶界析出,铸态晶界脆化,铸坯试样断裂机制演变为沿晶的脆性断裂,这降低了合金的高温塑性,增大了发生裂纹的倾向性。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CNT-Reinforced AZ91D Composites Fabricated by Ultrasonic Processing

Carbon nanotube(CNT)-reinforced AZ91 D alloy composite was fabricated by ultrasonic processing.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the CNTs/AZ91 D composites were investigated.Obvious grain refinement was achieved with the addition of 0.5 wt%CNTs.The SEM observation indicated that CNTs were distributed near the grain boundary or around the inter-grain β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase.No evident reaction product was found at the interface between CNTs and AZ91 D matrix.Compared to the monolithic AZ91 D alloy,the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,and elongation of the 0.5 wt%CNTs/AZ91 D composite were improved significantly.However,the poor interface bonding between CNTs and AZ91 D matrix restricted further improvement in mechanical properties.     

AZ31B镁合金及其焊接接头的疲劳断裂机理

对AZ31B镁合金进行疲劳实验,在2×106循环次数下,母材、对接接头、横向十字接头和侧面连接接头的疲劳强度分别为66.72,39.00,24.38和24.40MPa。采用光学显微镜对裂纹扩展特征进行分析,结果表明,AZ31B母材的疲劳裂纹宏观扩展路径平滑,但微观观察发现疲劳裂纹扩展方向曲弯,有些裂纹分成两岔;裂纹尖端扩展均为沿晶扩展。焊接接头裂纹均在焊趾部位起裂,对接接头和横线十字接头的裂纹沿着热影响区扩展;侧面连接接头的裂纹起裂位于焊脚部位。采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断裂机理进行分析。疲劳断口由准解理或解理台阶组成,均为脆性断裂,断口中存在二次裂纹,对接接头中存在疲劳条纹,其间距约为5μm。