利用钠活化膨润土去除水溶液中的Ni和Co

室温环境（22±1℃）下研究了不同实验条件下钠活化膨润土去除水溶液中Ni2＋和Co2＋的能力。所研究的参数为固液比及其溶液阳离子初始浓度,实验包括了膨润土在Ni2＋、Co2＋不同浓度溶液中分别对Ni和Co的反应。结果表明,膨润土很容易吸附2种金属,但是对Ni表现出了更高的吸附性。对溶液中2种金属离子吸附的协同或抑制作用取决于离子初始浓度,当重金属初始浓度超过膨润土对阳离子交换吸附能力（CEC）时出现过吸附。     

苏皖沉积型坡缕石酸溶动力学研究

从坡缕石提纯入手,用分光光度法进行元素分析,对坡缕石的酸溶动力学进行研究。实验结果表明：坡缕石酸溶反应中八面体阳离子溶出率取决于阳离子在矿物中的含量、酸溶反应本身活化能和离子扩散速度。其酸溶动力学宜采用圆柱体一内扩散控制模型模拟,其浸出率x对反应时间t的关系可表示为(1-x) xlnx=kt。在实验条件下坡缕石八面体阳离子Fe^3 ,Al^3 和Mg^2 酸溶反应表观活化能分别为11．4,9．5kJ／mol和16．6kJ／mol。     

有机改性膨润土对水中硫氰根离子吸附性能和机理研究

研究了以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和四甲基氯化铵共同改性而成的双阳离子有机膨润土对水中硫氰根离子吸附的特征及机理。结果表明,在温度25℃,溶液pH=7,硫氰根离子质量浓度为0.05 g·L-1的100 mL溶液中,加入有机改性膨润土质量1.5 g条件下,振荡吸附60 min,有机改性膨润土对硫氰根离子的吸附率可达97.05%。有机改性膨润土对硫氰根离子的等温吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附动力学更适合准一级动力学吸附模型,热力学参数计算表明,该吸附过程为自发过程,加热不利于反应的进行。     

提高广丰膨润土阳离子交换容量的实验研究

采用Na2CO3为改型试剂，考察了矿浆浓度、反应温度、反应时间、加碱量等因素对广丰膨润土阳离子交换容量的影响。在最佳实验条件下，可得阳离子交换容量为132．0mmol/100g的膨润土。     

氨氮废水的吸附处理

探讨了经镁离子改性并煅烧的膨润土对氨氮废水的吸附特性，考察了pH、反应温度、反应时间、改性膨润土的用量等因素对改性膨润土吸附性能的影响。结果表明：经镁离子改性的膨润土对氮有较好的吸附性能。且当膨润土中镁离子质量分数为2．0％、经300℃煅烧2h时，在pH=6、镁离子改性的膨润土的用量为10g/L、吸附时间为30min的条件下，     

离子液体中苯与C9芳烃烷基转移反应

合成出一系列具有不同阴离子或阳离子结构的离子液体,并在三口瓶中评价了这些离子液体对苯与C9芳烃烷基转移反应的催化效果以及相关反应条件的影响。实验结果表明,由无水三氯化铝参与合成的离子液体催化性能较好,其活性来源[Al2Clγ]^-,阳离子的类型影响产物的选择性。在反应温度为78℃．剂油体积比IL／C9为0．42,苯／C9为0．99,反应时间为3h下,甲乙苯总转化率为29．4％,均三甲苯转化率为-7．2％。     

CTMAB插层有机膨润土的结构分析

通过X射线衍射(X-ray)、差(DTA)和热重(TG)等手段分析了不同工艺条件下制备的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)插层有机膨润土(CTMAB-MMT),讨论了有机膨润土的结构和层间发生的有机化反应,确定了本实验的最佳工艺条件,首次提出了季铵盐在插层过程中分解出季铵离子头的观点.初步认为不仅体积较大的有机阳离子可以插入蒙脱石片层间,体积较小的有机阳离子也可以插入其中.     

表面活性剂在膨润土改性中的应用与发展前景

根据表面活性剂的种类,将表面活性剂改性膨润土分为单阳离子有机膨润土、双阳离子有机膨润土、阴离子有机膨润土、阴-阳离子有机膨润土和非离子有机膨润土等5类;并对近几年来所研究的表面活性剂对膨润土改性的各种实验方法以及对改性膨润土所采用的表征手段、各类改性后膨润土的特征与吸附规律及应用进行了评述;同时展望了其未来可能的发展方向。     

无机高分子絮凝剂PSAFC的制备及其性能的研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料,采用共聚法制备了一种无机高分子絮凝剂-聚合硅酸铝铁（PSAFC）。分别研究了焙烧温度、m（NaF）：m（粉煤灰）、溶出温度、盐酸浓度及溶出时间对粉煤灰中Al^3＋溶出率的影响以及碱化度、Al^3＋含量、Fe^3＋含量对其絮凝性能的影响。结果表明：当焙烧温度为900℃,m（NaF）：m（粉煤灰）为0．20,溶出温度为105℃,盐酸浓度为20％,溶出时间为2h时,粉煤灰中Al^3＋的溶出率达到最大值41．5％;碱化度B＊、铁含量和硅含量对PASFC的絮凝性能均有较大影响,当碱化度为0．8,Al／Fe物质的量比为10：4,Al／Si物质的量比为10：2时,PSAFC的絮凝性能最佳。     

氨氮废水的吸附处理

探讨了经镁离子改性并煅烧的膨润土对氨氮废水的吸附特性，考察了pH、反应温度、反应时间、改性膨润土的用量等因素对改性膨润土吸附性能的影响。结果表明：经镁离子改性的膨润土对氮有较好的吸附性能。且当膨润土中镁离子质量分数为2．0％、经300℃煅烧2h时，在pH=6、镁离子改性的膨润土的用量为10g／L、吸附时间为30min的条件下，对质量浓度为100mg／L的氨氮废水的去除率可达到91％，处理后的废水氨氮质量浓度小于15mg／L，达到了国家一级排放标准。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。