共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
《建筑机械》2021,(10)
生命周期评价(LCA)是以量化分析产品或服务在其整个生命周期内各阶段的所有环境影响为目标的一种评价方法。一般来说,LCA是针对被评价产品的所有阶段进行的,然而,根据LCA的目的和范围,可只考虑其中的几个阶段,而对其它阶段进行排除。本研究通过LCA来评价在温拌沥青(WMA)生产中使用再生混凝土骨料(RCA)来部分取代天然骨料的环境影响。为了评价在修建道路路面过程中使用RCA可能产生的环境影响,收集了一些原始数据,并通过软件进行了建模。根据LCA,在生命周期影响评价(LCIA)阶段,与功能单位相关的所有生命周期内的输入和输出都被定为潜在的环境影响。通过对15%、30%和45%3种RCA替代率的沥青混合料进行对比分析,发现RCA的使用意味着最佳沥青含量的增加,这反而比传统沥青混合料产生更高的环境影响。 相似文献
4.
5.
污水处理在改善水环境的同时也会因污染物排放及能源、资源投入而产生其他负面环境影响。全生命周期评价(LCA)作为一种可以全面评估污水处理总环境影响及其影响减量方法的工具在国内外已得到相当应用。然而,不尽完善与不尽合理的目标范围界定、评价参数选择会导致评价结果客观性有失公允,阻碍LCA在污水处理领域的发展空间。此外,LCA中缺失资源、能源回收模块会使得传统污水处理技术背负它对总环境影响是一种"污染源"之名。因此,需要审视LCA评价理论与方法的发展历程,剖析国内外污水处理LCA评价的应用现状,指出我国现有LCA评价污水处理的局限,概括污水处理LCA评价未来发展方向,期望藉此推动LCA评价在我国的广泛应用,实现污水处理"净-零"环境效益的远大目标。 相似文献
6.
生命周期评估(Life Cycle Assessmen,LCA),是一种分析技术,用于评估产品从原材料获取到生产、使用和处置的整个生命周期中潜在的环境负担和影响。LCA是评估环境影响的适当工具,有助于确定哪些影响在整个生命周期中最重要。然而,我国运用生命周期评估方法来分析道路在整个生命周期过程中能源和排放的研究很少,本文研究国内外先进的沥青路面养护及生命周期评估方法并进行总结分析,以借相关人员参考。 相似文献
7.
8.
界定了铁路建设项目环境影响后评价概念,指出铁路建设项目环境影响后评价包括自然环境、生态环境、美学环境影响后评价和环保管理水平及治理效果后评价四项内容,在此基础上,建立了铁路建设项目环境影响后评价四大类21个指标体系,给出了基于这四大类21个指标体系的环境影响后评价的综合评价方法--扩展矩阵法,该方法综合考虑了铁路建设项目对环境的短期、长期、直接和间接影响,更为全面科学地对铁路建设项目环境影响进行评价,提高了铁路建设项目环境影响综合后评价的可操作性。 相似文献
9.
《Planning》2015,(28)
随着我国经济社会的快速发展,我国的公路通车里程已经达到了世界第一。大量的公路工程建设虽然对经济社会的快速发展起着重要的推动作用,但是对环境却产生了大量的影响。因此,对公路建设项目对环境影响的分析与评价不仅在当今的学术界有着极其重要的指导性意义,而且对公路的战略性发展有着极其深远的实际意义。作者通过对理论研究与实际工作经验进行总结与结合,对公路建设项目环境影响分析与评价进行了相关的研究。主要研究内容有以下几点:(1)分析了公路建设项目对环境的具体影响方式以及影响机理。为进行公路建设项目环境影响研究奠定了一定的理论基础;(2)通过对环境影响分析与评价理论进行相关的理论分析,并通过与实际相结合提出了关于公路建设项目环境影响分析与评价体系的构建思路与原则;(3)针对实际为今后进行公路建设项目环境影响分析与评价提出了相关的评价标准以及原则。 相似文献
10.
基于LCA和LCC的可持续建筑设计研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前生命周期评价工具(LCA)已成为可持续建筑设计的关键技术,对设计方案的环境影响进行评价,但该技术在支持可持续建筑设计决策时具有一定的局限性,因为除了环境影响问题之外,经济因素也与建筑物的可持续发展有着密切的关系。因此,文章在LCA的基础上,引入全生命周期成本分析工具(LCC),设计了基于LCA和LCC的可持续建筑设计流程,并运用熵权决策法对建筑设计方案进行环境和经济效益综合评价,进而对设计方案进行优选。 相似文献
11.
《Structure and Infrastructure Engineering》2013,9(12):1173-1181
The use of steel within the construction sector has enabled the delivery of larger-volume and more complex-shaped structures, while life cycle assessment (LCA) has been introduced as a pro-active design tool to ensure their sustainability. As LCA efficiency greatly depends on the life cycle inventory (LCI) data used, it is the purpose of the current research to present detailed structural steel LCI data and thus increase environmental benefits deriving from the effective use of LCA within construction. Hot-rolled structural steel members were chosen as the research starting point and the necessary information was provided by the leading structural steel manufacturer in Greece. Results include a list of environmental inputs and outputs, which can be used within relevant LCA studies and environmental impact assessment. Critical issues hindering the use of LCA were identified, along with the most environmentally damaging production stages and environmental categories mainly burdened. A new methodology for assessment results comparison was also applied. 相似文献
12.
生态足迹方法可以将建设项目的资源和能源消费量转化为所必需的各种生态生产性土地的面积,用以客观反映建筑工程的环境影响,国外已有研究将生态足迹方法应用于建筑工程、产品或活动的环境影响评价。文章基于生态足迹的基本理论,建立了建筑工程物化阶段环境影响的一种定量评价模型,并用该模型对北京“未来之家”的示范建筑进行测算,分析了生态足迹方法评价建筑工程环境影响的适用性和应用条件。 相似文献
13.
14.
桥梁生命周期环境影响的多级模糊综合评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了量化评价桥梁的综合环境影响,提出了桥梁生命周期环境影响的多级模糊综合评价方法。在分析桥梁的设计、原材料的生产加工、现场的施工、桥梁的运营、桥梁的废弃这生命周期5个阶段环境影响的基础上,按照客观性、科学性、完整性、有效性等原则建立了多级综合评价指标体系。将桥梁生命周期环境影响分为负面影响较大、负面影响较小、基本无影响、正面影响较小、正面影响较大5个等级,采用改进的层次分析法确定权重,并引入模糊数学方法进行综合评价。应用该方法对武汉市南太子湖大桥生命周期环境影响进行分析评价。结果表明,原材料生产和桥梁施工过程对环境影响较大。该方法可作为桥梁生命周期环境影响评价的基本方法,用于桥梁工程环境影响综合评价。 相似文献
15.
16.
Brick constitutes one of the major materials used for the construction of buildings. The present study analyses the different stages followed during brick production and the materials and energy used in each stage. The purpose is to identify ‘hot-spots’, i.e. parts of the life cycle that are important to the total environmental impact. The analysis is performed using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, which is a method used to identify and quantify the environmental performance of a process or a product from “cradle to grave”. LCA methodology provides a quantitative basis for assessing potential improvements in environmental performance of a system throughout the life cycle. The system investigated includes raw material acquisition, industrial production, packaging and transportation. Energy use and emissions are quantified and the potential environmental effects are assessed. The main energy inputs to the production system are electricity, diesel and solid fuel (Pet-Coke). The environmental burdens that arise from the operation of a brick industry are mainly due to air emissions derived from fossil fuel utilization. 相似文献
17.
随着城镇建设的快速发展,建筑垃圾剧增,对环境和社会的影响越加严重,建筑垃圾的减量化、资源化和再利用成为建筑业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。免烧免蒸砖是一种替代传统粘土实心砖的新型墙体材料,有利于节能、节地、利废,促进循环经济发展,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。文章通过对建筑垃圾制免烧免蒸砖生产工艺的调查,系统分析了生产过程的各项环境排放因素,并运用生命周期评价理论和方法,对其生产过程的环境影响进行定量研究和综合测算。针对建筑垃圾制免烧免蒸砖的生产过程中主要环境影响因素,包括温室气体和粉尘的排放等,提出了改进建议。 相似文献
18.
Benjamin Sanchez 《Construction Management & Economics》2018,36(6):303-312
Achieving true sustainability in the conceptualization of new building projects requires radical change compared to traditional green-field projects; circular building principles in a circular economy must become a fundamental part of the process. These principles include product recovery management, life cycle assessment (LCA), design for disassembly sequence planning, adaptability, deconstruction, closed materials loops and dematerialization. These principles recognize the importance of the End-of-Life stage in existing buildings, including adaptive reuse as an attractive alternative in a circular economy. However, the early phases of capital project delivery lack well-developed methods to: (1) decide amongst green-field construction versus adaptive reuse, (2) pre-project planning for closed-loop cycle construction and (3) plan for the optimization of the benefits of adaptive reuse. In this article, we argue that the early capital projects delivery phases for a circular economy should have distinct stages, decision gates and more appropriate planning methods, such as selective disassembly, LCA monetization protocols and optimization methods. An investigation of related studies underpins the capital project planning framework proposed and the research that must still be accomplished to enable a more circular economy in the capital projects sector. 相似文献
19.
Rob Marsh 《Building Research & Information》2016,44(4):358-375
Construction professionals are required to integrate environmental concerns in the earliest design phases. However, environmental assessments need large amounts of precise data that are typically not available in the early design process, as most variables are still fluid. To address this concern, a new approach explores how environmental information on building components can be simplified for strategic use early in the design process in a Danish context. In this paper, life cycle assessments (LCAs) are undertaken for several hundred typical external wall solutions, based on relevant standards. A full bivariate linear regression analysis is performed, showing statistically significant correlations with strong direct relationships between environmental impact categories. A simplified LCA profile consisting of total primary energy, global warming potential and acidification potential is developed. This simplified LCA profile presents environmental data in a more understandable way, creating a strategic overview that can be easily used by non-technical clients and construction professionals in the early design stages. This has a scientific and statistical validity generated by environmental assessment standards, and creates a parallel between the precision of the approach and its time of use in the design process. 相似文献
20.
众所周知,建筑物对环境的影响很大。我们可以将建筑看作一种特殊的产品来对待,引入生命周期评价方法评价建筑对环境的影响。文章主要采用日本产业技术综合研究所LCA研究中心开发的评价系统AIST-LCA Ver.2对高层建筑——苏州月亮湾国际中心建筑(每100 m2的建筑面积)进行生命周期评价。在评价过程中,建筑的生命周期分为5个过程,即建材准备阶段、建筑建造阶段、建筑运行阶段(运行年限为50年)、建筑拆除阶段和建筑垃圾处理阶段。得到的评价结果为建筑的运行阶段和建材的准备阶段对环境的影响较大,其次为建筑垃圾处理阶段和拆除阶段,建筑建造阶段对环境产生的影响最小。对环境影响较大的影响类型为城市空气污染、富营养化、全球变暖等。 相似文献