圆钢热轧批量调度的多目标优化方法

针对圆钢热轧批量调度问题,考虑热轧工艺约束、综合生产需求优化等因素,建立了以最小化最大完工时间、机器调整成本以及提前\拖期时间为目标的优化模型,并构造了基于种群修复的改进强度Pareto进化算法。算法以改进强度Pareto进化算法为框架实现批量序列调整,并结合问题变量的离散性特征设计编码规则,以及选择、交叉和变异等遗传进化方式;考虑问题约束的特殊性,设计种群修复策略,以修正违反热轧工艺约束的批量序列。通过基于实际生产数据的仿真实验验证了模型和算法的可行性和有效性。     

考虑库存信息的钢管批量计划优化算法

在考虑库存信息的基础上对钢管批量计划优化问题进行研究,建立了批量计划轧制位置与垛位钢坯多对多关系的批量计划模型,实现对倒垛次数的优化。结合问题特征,设计了一种基于钢坯连续倒垛的两阶段批量计划优化算法：第1阶段,确定当前最优钢坯,进而搜索同垛位上的下层钢坯,匹配最佳的连续轧制钢坯;第2阶段,针对每个轧制位置搜索垛位上的连续轧制钢坯,改进第1阶段的解。通过基于实际生产数据的实验验证,相对经典启发式算法,倒垛次数显著降低,算法和模型是可行且有效的。     

云制造环境下板材余料资源的服务匹配方法

在云制造环境下,针对中小型企业加工后的板材余料造成极大资源浪费的问题,提出了一种基于语义相似度算法同时融入QoS(quality of service,服务质量)信息的分层次资源描述模型.首先,建立板材余料和板材加工设备资源的本体模型;然后,基于语义相似度算法对板材余料和板材加工设备的各个属性参数进行匹配,得到初选服务...     

Q235B碳素结构钢热轧圆钢的开发

介绍莱钢棒材厂中小型车间通过对现有轧机孔型系统及导卫的重新设计,对工艺的不断改进和摸索,利用Q235B为原料轧制碳素结构钢热轧圆钢的过程。     

摄象法热轧圆钢直径在线检测的研究

阐述了摄象法实现热轧圆钢的直径在线检测原理。通过研究热轧圆钢运动时的物距变化摄象法在线检测的影响,提出了建立热轧圆钢运动中的相对监测系统。分析了摄象法热轧圆钢直径在线检测系统的误差,并给出了该系统综合误差的补偿方法以及测量小型棒材的综合测试结果。     

基于约束规划的调整时间与顺序有关的Job Shop调度研究

研究调整时间(费用)与工序顺序有关的Job Shop调度问题,以最小化总调整费用与总拖期惩罚费用之和为优化目标,通过建立约束规划模型,分析问题的优化特性,实现了基于约束规划的禁忌搜索算法.通过与系统搜索和局部搜索算法的结果比较,表明了此算法的有效性.     

基于人工神经网络的微合金钢热轧奥氏体晶粒尺寸模型的研究

基于人工神经网络原理,对微合金钢热轧控制参数的选取进行了研究,利用Gleeble-1500热力模拟机提取了轧制温度,应变量,应变速率和相应的应力应变曲线,并通过显微组织观察获取了实验后样品断面的奥氏体晶粒尺寸,通过归一化把实验所得数据进行处理,采用BP算法训练网络,对热轧控制参数（轧制温度,应变量,应变速率）和奥氏体晶粒尺寸之间的映射关系进行了函数逼近,建立了奥氏体晶粒尺寸神经网络模型,根据网络估测的结果可定量地进行热轧控制质量预报。     

增强差异演化算法及其应用

针对约束优化问题,提出一种适于约束优化的增强差异演化算法(enhanced differential evolution algorithm for constrained optimization, ECDE).在约束处理上采用不可行域与可行域更新规则的方法,避免了传统的惩罚函数方法中对惩罚因子的设置,使算法的实现变得简单.改进了DE算法的变异操作,对选择的3个父代个体进行操作遍历,产生6个候选解,取适应值最优的为变异操作的解,大大改善了算法的稳定性、鲁棒性和搜索性能.通过4个测试函数和1个设计实例仿真,表明所提出的算法具有较快的收敛速度和较好的稳定性和鲁棒性.     

轧制制备铝/镁复合板数值模拟和翘曲变形控制

目的 选用5052铝合金与AZ31B镁合金作为复合材料进行热轧复合,研究铝/镁复合板轧制过程的数值模拟和翘曲变形控制.方法 对铝/镁复合板在不同轧制温度、轧制压下率和轧辊预加热轧制工艺下的热轧过程进行模拟.对轧制变形区铝/镁复合板的应力分布进行分析,讨论其对铝/镁复合板变形协调性的影响.最后在不同轧制工艺下进行单道次热轧实验,制备铝/镁(5052/AZ31B)复合板并与模拟结果进行对比.结果 有限元模拟和热轧实验结果表明,随着轧制压下率的增大和轧制温度的升高,铝/镁复合板的翘曲增大;将靠近铝基体侧轧辊预加热后,可以有效改善铝/镁复合板的翘曲问题.以轧制温度450℃为例,轧制压下率逐渐增大时,复合板的延伸性逐渐增大,复合板的翘曲也逐渐增大.将下轧辊预加热到50℃,其余轧制参数不变,轧制后复合板整体较为平直,翘曲明显比轧辊未预加热时小.结论 通过轧辊预加热轧制工艺可以有效控制铝/镁复合过程中的翘曲变形问题.     

基于粒子群算法优化支持向量机的铝热连轧机轧制力预报

为了提高热轧带材的轧制力预报精度,提出了粒子群算法和支持向量机结合的方法来预报轧制力。根据轧制原理用支持向量机建立轧制力预报的模型,通过粒子群算法优化支持向量机参数来提高预报精度。为了进一步提高轧制力预报精度,还提出了支持向量机网络与数学模型相结合的方法,对某“1+4”铝热连轧厂现场采集的5052铝合金轧制数据进行离线仿真,仿真结果可以看出支持向量机网络与数学模型结合的方法预报轧制力,提高了轧制力预报速度并使其轧制力预报精度控制在7%以内。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to