方柱体与圆柱体气液两相涡街特性的研究

气液两相流体在垂直上升矩形截面管道内横向冲刷水平布置的柱体时,一定条件下会在柱体后面产生旋涡交替脱落现象.利用管壁压差法来研究气液两相流横掠圆柱体和方柱体时的旋涡脱落特性,得到了涡街的脱落频率和斯特罗哈数的变化情况.实验中雷诺数的范围为0.9×10~4～2.3×10~4,截面含气率的范围为0～0.2.实验结果表明:在一定的含气率范围内,两种柱体涡街的脱落频率与斯特罗哈数都随着截面含气率的增大而增大;方柱体斯特罗哈数增大的梯度与雷诺数无关,圆柱体斯特罗哈数增大的梯度受雷诺数的影响.     

水平PDMS微通道内气-液弹状流特性观察

对以空气、甘油为工作流体在水平聚二甲基硅氧烷(polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)微通道内产生的弹状流进行了可视化实验研究.实验结果表明,微通道中弹状流的气柱速度随着体积含气率增大而阶梯状减小.气柱长度在体积含气率小于0.06时几乎不发生变化;当体积含气率大于0.06时,随体积含气率的增大而呈线性增大.气柱间距随体积含气率的变化与气柱长度相反.气柱和微通道壁面之间存在稳定的薄液膜,当地薄液膜压力稳定,气柱流经当地时所造成的压力波动很小;当地静压随体积含气率的增大而减小.     

基于高速图像采集的管束间气液两相绕流旋涡特性研究

采用高速图像采集方法,研究了不同节距比时以旋转正方形排列的错列管束间气液两相流旋涡的演化特性,通过动态图像重建了旋涡生成、卷吸及聚合过程,分析了旋涡演化机理,并运用时间序列图像相关性对比分析了旋涡脱落的周期特征.结果表明:随着节距比的增大,斯特罗哈数增大;随着含气率的增大,斯特罗哈数减小;当含气率大于0.14时,不存在周期性旋涡脱落现象;随着雷诺数的增大,旋涡脱落频率增加.     

考虑气体压缩性的液力透平内气液两相流场分析

为研究在气液两相条件下液力透平内部的流动规律,选择比转速为55.7的单级单吸离心泵反转作液力透平(Pumps as Turbines,PAT),在考虑气体可压缩的基础上对该模型在不同流量、不同含气率下进行数值计算。分析含气率对液力透平外特性和液力透平各过流部件内流场的影响规律,总结不同工况下液力透平内气液两相流动规律。研究发现:随着含气率的增大,液力透平的效率和功率逐渐减小、扬程逐渐增加,气体的存在对液力透平效率影响较大;液力透平叶片进口有明显的旋涡,随着流量和含气率的增大,混合介质的相对速度均增加;含气率从液力透平进口到出口逐渐增大,叶片背面的含气率要比工作面大,过流部件内的气体分布不对称,随着含气率的变大,气体分布的均匀性变差。     

气液两相条件下离心泵叶轮受力分析

为了研究气液两相混输条件下离心泵叶轮做功原理及能量转换机理,基于欧拉双流体模型,以水和空气为工作介质,在不同初始含气率工况下,利用数值模拟软件CFX对离心泵内流场进行数值计算。结果表明:叶轮流道内气相主要分布在叶片背面及出口边附近;随着初始含气率的增加,气相将在叶片背面形成较为稳定的气泡团,出现严重的相态分离,造成叶轮内出现严重的漩涡、二次流和气塞现象,使离心泵水力损失增加,扬程急剧下降;叶片受到的动反力也逐渐降低,引起叶轮轴向力的加大;同时,含气率的升高加剧了叶轮周向上的不均匀流动,破坏了叶轮径向力的周期性变化。     

气化炉内气体穿越液池过程中气泡特性的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对含尘气体通过下降管穿越液池过程中的气泡特性进行了研究,展现了该过程中池内气泡生成、破碎和液滴飞溅等一系列行为过程,分析了下降管出口气流速度、静态液位和突扩比等实际操作参数对气泡分布和气液界面面积等气泡特性的影响．结果表明：轴向含气率分布随气流速度的变化存在一个转折点;液面以上空间的含气率随着突扩比的减小而降低,而在液面以下区域,含气率随着突扩比的增大而降低;随着气流速度的增大、静态液位的升高及突扩比的减小,气液界面面积增大．     

混输泵半螺旋形吸入室不同含气率下的速度分析

利用CFD模拟分析软件——STAR-CD,对油气混输泵半螺旋形吸入室在不同含气率下的流场进行了三维模拟分析。模拟结果显示流场速度变化较为均匀,表明这种半螺旋形吸入室作为混输泵的吸入室是合适的,只是在隔舌处会发生漩涡,出现气体滞留现象,并与流速大小和气体的含气量有关。根据分析结果,增大了隔舌处的圆弧半径．减小了出口端隔舌的厚度。样机试验表明,泵效率和含气率均明显提高,说明措施有效。     

超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷屏竖直集箱流量分配数值模拟及试验研究

针对上海锅炉厂有限公司350 MW超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷屏的结构,建立了竖直集箱内空气-水两相流动试验平台.根据质量守恒、动量守恒和补充方程,建立了水冷屏竖直集箱内流量分配的数学计算模型,进行了35％额定负荷时不同干度试验工况下竖直集箱内流量分配的计算,得到了各支管内质量流量不均匀系数、最大质量流量偏差系数、体积流量含气率不均匀系数和最大体积流量含气率偏差系数,并将理论计算值与试验值进行了对比.结果表明:对于单一工况,从第1根支管到第4根支管,质量流量逐渐增加,质量流量偏差系数从负数增大为正数,体积流量含气率逐渐减小,体积流量含气率不均匀系数从正数减小为负数;计算所得数据的变化规律与试验结果一致,且随着干度的增大,计算值与试验值的偏差逐渐减小.     

600MW三塔合一间接空冷塔塔内流场特性研究

采用数值计算软件Fluent对600MW三塔合一间接空冷塔进行了三维模型计算,通过改变环境风速模拟研究了空冷塔内部流场流动情况。着重分析了不同风速下烟塔内部流动通风量变化特性和塔内气流流动形成的漩涡变化规律。结果表明,无风工况时,空冷塔内部流动稳定,无漩涡扰动,流动平稳。有环境风工况下,漩涡对称分布在脱硫塔两侧,在中速风下漩涡面积整体更大,漩涡的大小直接影响塔内气体流动;随着环境风速的增大,漩涡位置也逐渐向背风侧移动,造成背风侧区域流动也更加紊乱,直接影响背风侧散热器换热效果;随着塔内气流上升,漩涡也在逐渐增大。     

不同含气率下混流泵叶轮内流场特性分析

为了研究含气率下混流泵运行过程中叶轮内部的流动及压力变化情况,以某厂生产的导叶式混流泵为研究对象,应用商业CFD软件对不同含气率条件下额定流量运行过程中的混流泵进行瞬态数值模拟计算。结果表明:当泵进口含气率小于10%时,对叶轮流道内的压力分布与气相分布影响不明显,叶片上的压力波动变化幅度不大;当含气率大于10%时,气体逐渐在叶轮流道局部区域上聚集,叶轮上的压力脉动主频振幅开始逐渐增大,且在其出口处的压力脉动最为剧烈,并伴随着局部高压现象的发生。     

Matching of a DC motor to a photovoltaic generator using a step-upconverter with a current-locked loop

A photovoltaic (PV) generator is a nonlinear device having insolation-dependent volt-ampere characteristics. Because of its relatively high cost, the system designer is interested in optimum matching of the motor and its mechanical load to the PV generator so that maximum power is obtained during the entire operating period. However, since the maximum-power point varies with solar insolation, it is difficult to achieve an optimum matching that is valid for all insolation levels. In this paper it is shown that for maximum power, the generator current must be directly proportional to insolation. This remarkable property is utilized to achieve insolation-independent optimum matching. A shunt DC motor driving a centrifugal water pump is supplied from a PV generator via a step-up converter whose duty ratio is controlled using a current-locked feedback loop     

Natural convection of a non-Newtonian fluid about a horizontal cylinder and a sphere in a porous medium

The problem of natural convection of a non-Newtonian fluid about a horizontal isothermal cylinder and an isothermal sphere in the porous medium is considered. The present study is based on the boundary layer approximation and only suitable for a high Rayleigh number. Similarity solutions are obtained by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of the wall temperature T_W and the new power-law index n on the characteristics of heat transfer are discussed.     

Exploration of heat transfer effect in a magnetohydrodynamics flow of a micropolar fluid between a porous and a nonporous disk

An analysis is carried out for the flow characteristics of a conducting micropolar fluid. The fluid was passed in between two parallel disks of infinite radii. The novelty of the study is to consider one of the disks as porous and the other one as nonporous, and the external magnetic field is applied along the transverse direction of the flow. The flow phenomena for the polar fluid characterized by the magnetic effect in conjunction with the temperature equation reduce to a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the requisite transformations and nondimensionalization. An analytical approach such as the variation parameter method is employed to tackle the system efficiently. To emphasize the effect of various physical parameters contributing to the flow phenomena, that is, non-zero tangential slip, Reynolds number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, and material parameter on the flow profiles of axial and radial velocities, the microrotation and temperature profiles are presented graphically. To validate the simulated results, a comparison with established results is made, and it is concluded that both are in good correlation.     

Evaporating characteristics of a microlayer under a bubble

Using the Hallinan‐Ervin model, the flow and evaporation in a bubble microlayer were theoretically analyzed, and the dryout characteristics and Staub's criterion were discussed in detail. It was revealed that the critical dryout radius is associated with the wettability of the heated surface, and that the dominant role for microlayer evaporation is disjoining pressure, not surface tension gradient. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(6): 456–462, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10052     

Solidification of a liquid about a cylindrical pipe

The temperature distribution and the rate of removal of heat by a coolant are predicted for the process of solidification of a liquid about a cold, isothermal pipe. The heat balance integral method incorporating spacial sub-division is used. It is found that acceptable results can be obtained by using only a small number of sub-divisions together with a piece-wise, linear profile. Furthermore, the results illustrate that the sensitivity which is normally associated with the heat balance integral method is overcome.     

Stability of a multi-machine system incorporating a superconductingalternator

A preliminary study on the transient behavior of a superconducting turbo-alternator in a typical multimachine system is described. The study covers the effect of conventional controllers, power-system stabilizers and phase advance networks. The open-loop response of the system is compared to the response when the superconducting alternator is replaced by its conventional counterpart     

Bioconvection in a squeezing flow of a micropolar fluid in a horizontal channel

The bioconvection flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid containing microorganisms between two infinite stretchable parallel plates is considered. A mathematical model, with a fully coupled nonlinear system of equations describing the total mass, momentum, thermal energy, mass diffusion, and microorganisms is presented. The governing equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable transformations. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are linearized using successive linearization method, and the resulting system of linear equations is solved using the Chebyshev collocation method. The detailed analysis illustrating the influences of various physical parameters, such as the micropolar coupling number, squeezing parameter, the bioconvection Schmidt number, Prandtl numbers, Lewis number, and bioconvection Peclet number on the velocity, microrotation, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism distributions, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density number of motile microorganism, is examined. The influence of the squeezing parameter is to increase the dimensionless velocities and temperature and to decrease the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number. The density number of motile microorganism is decreasing with squeezing parameter, bioconvection Lewis number, bioconvection Peclet number, and bioconvection Schmidt number.     

Analysis of a combined photovoltaic-thermal system consisting of a linear solar concentrator and a tubular absorber

An analysis of an actively cooled combined photovoltaic-thermal system consisting of a linear solar concentrator and a tubular absorber has been presented. Expressions for determining the overall electrical and thermal power outputs, as well as that of the coolant outlet temperature, for an observer of a given length, and diameter have been derived. Results of some typical numerical calculations are presented graphically and discussed.     

Hydrothermal Behavior of a Ferrofluid in a Corrugated Channel in the Presence of a Magnetic Field

In this paper, results of applying a non‐uniform magnetic field on a dilute ferrofluid (water and 3% vol. Fe₃O₄) flow in a corrugated channel under a constant heat flux boundary condition have been reported. The thermal behavior of the flow is investigated numerically using a two‐phase mixture model and control volume technique. It is concluded that using a magnetic field with a negative gradient on a nanofluid flow in corrugated channels can be proposed as a suitable method to achieve higher heat transfer performance and augment the heat transfer coefficient and also reduces the wall temperature. This method can lead to the design of more compact heat exchangers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 43(1): 80–92, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21060