Pilot‐scale demonstration of pre‐fermentation for enhancement of food‐processing wastewater biodegradability

A pilot‐scale anaerobic/aerobic ultrafiltration system was tested to treat high‐strength tomato‐processing wastewater, to achieve stringent dry‐ditch discharge criteria of soluble biochemical oxygen demand (SBOD) <10 mg dm^?3, total suspended solids <10 mg dm^?3, ammonia nitrogen <3 mg dm^?3 and soluble phosphorus <0.5 mg dm^?3. The anaerobic/aerobic system achieved 99.4% SBOD removal, 91.9% NH₃ N removal and 100% phosphorus removal at an overall hydraulic retention time of 1.5 days and solids retention time of 5 days during the tomato canning season. Respirometric studies confirmed that the pretreatment of tomato‐processing wastewater in the anaerobic reactor increased the readily biodegradable fraction, improved kinetics, and eliminated nutrient deficiency problem. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

高效沉淀池及生物滤池工艺在城市污水处理厂的应用及运行效果

重庆市某污水厂一期工程处理能力及出水水质均不能满足需求,且该厂位于人口密集区,用地面积紧张.改扩建工程采用地下式建设型,避免对周边居民产生不利影响.根据对实际进水水质分析,通过对两级生物滤池工艺和MBR工艺进行技术经济综合比较,确定采用两级生物滤池工艺.为减少厌氧除磷对生物脱氮的影响,并减少滤池的堵塞风险,在生化池前采...     

The contribution of dairy farming on peat soil to N and P loading of surface water

In agriculturally used peat land areas, surface water quality standards for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are frequently exceeded, but it is unclear to what extent agriculture is responsible for nutrient loading of the surface water. We quantified the contribution of different sources to the N and P loading of a ditch draining a grassland on peat soil (Terric Histosol) used for dairy farming in the Netherlands. Measurements were performed on N and P discharge at the end of the ditch, supply of N and P via inlet water, mineralization of soil organic matter, slush application, composition of the soil solution, and on N losses through denitrification in the ditch for 2 years (September 2000 to September 2002). Discharge rates at the end of the ditch were 32 kg N ha^–1y^–1 and 4.7 kg P ha^–1y^–1. For N, 43 to 50% of the discharge was accounted for by applications of fertilizers, manure and cattle droppings, 17 to 31% by mineralization of soil organic matter, 8 to 27% by nutrient-rich deeper peat layers, 8 to 9% by atmospheric deposition and 3 to 4% by inlet water. For P, these numbers were 10 to 48% for applications of fertilizers, manure and cattle droppings, 2 to 14% mineralization of soil organic matter, 33 to 82% nutrient-rich peat layers and 5 to 6% inlet water. The results of this paper demonstrate that nutrient loading of surface water in peat land areas involves several sources of nutrients, and therefore, reducing one source to reduce nutrient inputs to surface water is likely to result in modest effectiveness.     

海泡石填料人工湿地系统对氮磷污染物的去除研究

采用活化海泡石做为人工湿地系统的填料,考察该系统对生活污水中的氨氮和总磷去除效果。结果表明,海泡石人工湿地系统对氨氮和总磷均有较好的去除效果,进水为10L的最佳进水量时,人工湿地对氨氮去除率较高,进水浓度在12mg/L,pH在5．5时去除率可接近85％;总磷的去除在进水浓度为2mg/L,pH值为6．5时去除率可达到91．1％。     

连续流状态下好氧颗粒污泥培养及其脱氮除磷性能研究

在上流式污泥床好氧颗粒污泥反应器中,以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种泥．采用人工配制的模拟废水为进水的条件下,成功培养出具有同步脱氮除磷的好氧颗粒污泥。颗粒污泥粒径在0．5~2mm,颗粒污泥沉淀速度在29～58m／h。MLSS为3077---4103mg／L。当COD的进水容积负荷为4．8kg／（m3·d）时,去除率高达96％以上。氨氮进水在160mg／L时,去除率达97％以上,出水氨氮在5mg／L以下。对总磷的去除率在22％-37％。主要是因为亚硝态氮浓度、COD／TN比和TN／TP比等对聚磷菌除磷有影响。     

水泥生料中氨含量检测方法研究探索

本文主要探究了氯化钾溶液提取法和纳氏试剂法两种方法在水泥生料中氨含量检测的适应性和准确性，并进行了第三方检测验证。研究结果表明，氯化钾溶液提取法适用于0~50 mg/kg浓度的氨含量检测，而纳氏试剂法适用于20~100 mg/kg浓度的氨含量检测，本研究为水泥生料中氨含量检测提供指引和参考，对水泥工业实现氮氧化物超低排放，确保氨逃逸合格有着重要意义。     

A~2/O工艺强化脱氮效果中试研究

针对郑州某一城市污水处理厂"混合型城市污水"的特征,以厂区曝气沉砂池出水作为处理对象,设计1套A2/O工艺强化脱氮中试装置。该A2/O工艺采用氧化沟作为好氧池,氧化沟对总氮和氨氮的去除具有强化作用,同时可降低硝化液回流的能耗;当进水COD、NH3-N、TN的平均质量浓度分别为513.6、22.4、34.2 mg/L时,经A2/O工艺处理后,对COD、NH3-N、TN的平均去除率分别达到了91.2%、84.4%、71.44%,出水水质达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,取得了良好的污染物去除和脱氮的效果,总体出水水质相对稳定。     

改良微孔Carrousel氧化沟工艺脱氮除磷

结合污水厂脱氮除磷运行的经验,提出了改良微孔Carrousel氧化沟工艺,探讨其脱氮除磷的功效。实验结果表明：在合适的工艺参数控制下,10％的进水进入缺氧区,90％的进水进入生物选择区,20％的污泥回流到缺氧区,其余的污泥回流到氧化沟的缺氧区,可获得良好的脱氮除磷效果（出水中总磷的质量浓度〈0．5mg／L,NH3-N的质量浓度〈15mg／L）。     

混合型城市污水强化脱氮除磷工艺试验研究

采用膜膜强化集成工艺,对混合型城市污水进行脱氮除磷效果试验研究。试验结果表明,COD、NH3-N、TN及TP去除率分别达到80%、96%、60%及88%,系统平均出水COD为25 mg/L,NH3-N、TN及TP的质量浓度分别为0.9、13、0.44 mg/L。系统运行稳定,各项指标均可达到国家一级A标准(GB 18918-2002)。     

印染污水处理工程诊断分析

为提高处理效果及减少处理费用,对印染污水处理工程进行了诊断分析。该废水采用絮凝＋兼氧＋好氧＋絮凝处理工艺。分析了各工序COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷、pH等的处理效果。诊断结果为：出水中COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的含量分别为：13.6mg/l,0.34mg/l,6.52mg/l,0.01mg/l,均达到所要求的排放标准。pH已达到排放标准6-9的要求。     

麦草秸秆CTMP废水UASB-SBR-深度处理

麦草秸秆化学热磨机械浆(CTMP)废水含有较高的COD及氮、磷含量,采用升流成厌氧反应(UASB)-序批式反应器(SBR)-深度处理三段工艺,在不添加任何营养盐的条件下,对其进行处理研究。结果表明,在UASB厌氧阶段进水体积负荷为6kg/(m³·d),SBR处理进水COD 1 400mg/L,曝气时间为24h,缺氧搅拌25min,深度处理自制药剂A用量为0.15%时,处理效果良好,可使废水出水COD为 71.18mg/L,总氮(TN)为5.43mg/L、总磷(TP)为0.71mg/L,色度为33,达到国家排放标准。     

改进的SBR对城市污水脱氮除磷性能的研究

阐述了影响SBR脱氮除磷的因素（如污泥颗粒化、沉淀时间、进水COD负荷等）和最佳条件。取一定体积的城市污水,测量其进水COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷,并通过向SBR反应器污水中接种城市废水絮凝污泥,设定不同的循环周期,改变每个周期的沉淀时间等改进,培养颗粒化污泥促进其对处理结果的影响。通过实验得出水力停留时间、污泥龄,曝气时间、进水负荷、以及是否投加碳源,即不同碳氮比等因素对SBR处理效果的影响,检测不同周期氮磷的去除率。     

耦合内置缺氧区的氧化沟系统强化脱氮除磷的研究(英文)

A novel modified pilot scale anaerobic oxidation ditch with additional internal anoxic zones was operated experimentally, aiming to study the improvement of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the effect of enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal in the process. Under all experimental conditions, the anaerobic-oxidation ditch with additional internal anoxic zones and an internal recycle ratio of 200% had the highest nutrient removal efficiency. The effluent NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), PO43-P and total phosphorus (TP) contents were 1.2mg·L-1 , 13mg·L-1, 0.3mg·L-1 and 0.4mg·L-1, respectively, all met the discharge standards in China. The TN and TP removal efficiencies were remarkably improved from 37% and 50% to 65% and 88% with the presence of additional internal anoxic zones and internal recycle ratio of 200%. The results indicated that additional internal anoxic zones can optimize the utilization of available carbon source from the anaerobic outflow for denitrification. It was also found that phosphorus removal via the denitrification process was stimulated in the additional internal anoxic zones, which was beneficial for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal when treating wastewater with a limited carbon source. However, an excess internal recycle would cause nitrite to accumulate in the system. This seems to be harmful to biological phosphorus removal.     

沂沭河底泥中污染物空间分布特征及评价

测定沂沭河底泥的有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及有效磷含量,分析了污染物之间的相关性,评价了沂沭河底泥的污染状况.结果表明:沂沭河流域表层沉积物中TN、TP分布特性相似,沂河中OM含量远低于沭河,OM、TN、TP分布的空间差异较大.有效磷含量约占TP含量的17.7％,表明农田及人类活动对流域水环境造成了一定...     

分段进水生物脱氮工艺稳态模型的开发与试验评价

In this article,a steady-state mathematical model was developed and experimentally evaluated to inves- tigate the effect of influent flow distribution and volume ratios of anoxic and aerobic zones in each stage on the to- tal nitrogen concentration of the effluent in the step-feed biological nitrogen removal process.Unlike the previous modeling methods,this model can be used to calculate the removal rates of ammonia and nitrate in each stage and thereby predict the concentrations of ammonia,nitrate,and total nitrogen in the effluent.To verify the simulation results,pilot-scale experimental studies were carried out in a four-stage step feed process.Good correlations were achieved between the measured data and the simulation results,which proved the validity of the developed model. The sensitivity of the model predictions was analyzed.After verification of the validity,the step feed process was optimally operated for five months using the model and the criteria developed for the design and operation.During the pilot-scale experimental period,the effluent total nitrogen concentrations were all below 5mg·L ^-1 ,with more than 90%removal efficiency.     

Adsorptive Removal of Nitrate and Phosphate from Water by a Purolite Ion Exchange Resin and Hydrous Ferric Oxide Columns in Series

Elevated concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in surface and ground waters can lead to eutrophication, and nitrate can also cause health hazards to humans. The adsorption process is generally considered to be an efficient technique in removing these ions provided that the adsorbent is highly selective for these ions. Removal of nitrate and phosphate from a synthetic water (50 mg N/L as nitrate, 15 mg P/L as phosphate) and a wastewater (12.9 mg N/L as nitrate, 5.9 mg P/L as phosphate) using a Purolite A500P anion exchange resin and a hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) columns (60 cm height, 2 cm diameter, flow rate 1 m/h) in series containing 1–10% (w/w) of these adsorbents and the remainder anthracite (90–99%) were studied. Data from batch adsorption experiment at various concentrations of adsorbents satisfactorily fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm for nitrate and phosphate on Purolite with adsorption maxima of 64 mg N/g and 7 mg P/g and only for phosphate on HFO with adsorption maxima of 14 mg P/g. Both batch and column experiments showed that Purolite selectively removed nitrate and HFO selectively removed phosphate. The Purolite column BTC time was greater for nitrate than for phosphate. At the highest percentage by weight of Purolite almost all nitrate was removed in batch study and up to 1000 min in column study, but it was not able to remove a comparatively high percentage of phosphate. However, when the effluent from the Purolite column was passed through the HFO column almost all phosphate was removed. The two columns when set up in series also removed almost all nitrate and phosphate from the wastewater.     

硝化-厌氧氨氧化组合反应器的运行和评价

利用硝化-ANAMMOX组合反应器处理具有高氨氮、低有机质特点的城市厌氧消化污泥滤液。反应器稳定运行后,进水氨氮和亚硝态氮的质量浓度分别达到约360和400mg/L,水力停留时间为30h,总氮容积负荷达到493.4mg/(L·d)时,出水氨氮和亚硝态氮的质量浓度分别为73.6和69.2mg/L。实验中ANAMMOX反应器的启动和运行基本取得了成功。     

接触氧化沟工艺在珠江微污染原水处理中的应用

采用四段式接触氧化沟预处理珠江原水,氧化沟分别装填三类四种填料。试验以高氨氮期间珠江原水为水源研究四段式接触氧化沟对氨氮、亚硝酸盐、COD和浊度的去除效果。试验期间氧化沟末段出水氨氮、亚硝酸盐、COD和浊度平均值分别为0．33mg／L、0．14mg／L、3．65mg／L、16．05NTU,相对于珠江原水的平均去除率分别为93．16％、44．09％、44．86％和64．47％。     

人工湿地基质材料处理含磷废水静态吸附实验研究

利用烧杯实验考察钢渣、沸石、炉渣、硅藻土对磷的吸附性能及其影响因素,同时研究对氨氮,CODCr吸附情况。结果表明:基质对磷的吸附性能由强到弱依次为钢渣,硅藻土,炉渣,沸石。钢渣180 min内升至30%左右;NH4+-N的吸附性能由强到弱的顺序为:沸石,钢渣,硅藻土,炉渣。沸石180 min内升至80%左右,钢渣次之,达到了40%;CODCr吸附性能强弱顺序:硅藻土,沸石,钢渣,炉渣。硅藻土180 min内可达到50%。钢渣,硅藻土除磷的最佳pH值范围为10～12,另2种基质的最佳pH值范围为6～8;原水磷浓度低于3 mg/L或高于5 mg/L时4种基质磷去除率下降。     

外加碳源对AOA-SBR工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响

采用厌氧/好氧/缺氧模式运行的SBR工艺处理模拟城市污水,考察外加碳源乙酸钠和污泥水解酸化上清液对其脱氮除磷效果的影响。模拟城市污水,进水水质COD为400 mg/L、氨氮为60 mg/L、磷酸盐为7 mg/L。结果表明:不投加碳源时,系统对COD、氨氮、磷酸盐的去除率分别为90%、91%、82%;乙酸钠投加量为60 mg/L的条件下,外加乙酸钠系统对COD、氨氮、磷酸盐的去除率分别为93%、100%、100%,磷的去除主要是通过好氧聚磷作用;上清液投加量折合进水COD为30 mg/L时,外加污泥水解酸化上清液系统对COD、氨氮、磷酸盐的去除率分别为97%、99%、95%,系统中出现明显的反硝化除磷现象,反硝化除磷占24%。