钢管混凝土结构材料非线性的一种有限元分析方法

为了更简单地考虑梁单元的材料非线性受力性能,把断面广义力和广义应变的概念运用于单元分析中,将单元的弹塑性刚度矩阵分离为弹性刚度矩阵和塑性刚度矩阵。这样,梁单元的变形可以由弹性变形和塑性变形简单地迭加,结构内力可通过弹性应变能的斜率(弹性刚度矩阵)与位移的乘积求得,从而在增量-迭代计算时可较准确且较快地计算出结构变形后的不平衡力。应用这一计算方法,推导了基于纤维模型的三维梁单元的钢管混凝土结构的有限元基本公式,并将其植入能考虑几何非线性的三维梁单元非线性计算程序NL_Beam3D中以计算结构的双重非线性问题。算例分析表明该方法和程序能较准确地反映钢管混凝土结构的双重非线性特性。     

正交各向异性带钢瓢曲变形行为样条有限元研究

带钢在轧制过程由于晶粒的择优取向而产生各向异性,为了研究这种各向异性对带钢板形瓢曲行为的影响规律,针对生产中常见的板形瓢曲缺陷,根据正交各向异性薄板小挠度理论和屈曲问题的驻值势能原理,建立了带钢在纵向延伸塑性应变(初应变)作用下以样条函数为基础的前屈曲样条有限元计算模型,获得了屈曲临界塑性应变、临界波长与带钢各向异性程度的关系;根据大挠度理论和虚功原理,应用样条有限元获得了正交各向异性带钢后屈曲路径。计算分析了带钢正交各向异性程度对中浪、边浪、四分之一浪、边中复合浪屈曲变形前屈曲临界条件及后屈曲变形过程的影响规律。     

Plasticity models for concrete material based on different criteria including Bresler–Pister

The purpose of this study is to investigate nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with the plasticity modeling. For this aim, a nonlinear finite element analysis program is coded in MATLAB. This program contains several yield criteria and stress–strain relationship for compression and tension behavior of concrete. In this paper, the well-known criteria, Drucker–Prager, von Mises, and Mohr Coulomb, and a new criterion-Bresler–Pister are taken into account. The elastic–perfectly plastic and Saenz stress–strain relationships in compression and tension stiffening in tension behavior of concrete are used with four different yield criteria mentioned above. The proposed models are in good agreement with the experimental and analytical results taken from the literature. It is concluded that the coded program, the proposed models, and Bresler–Pister criterion can be effectively used in nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beams.     

斜拉桥钢-混凝土结合梁的受力性能试验研究

斜拉桥钢-混凝土结合主梁的受力特点与常规结合梁有所不同。针对江津观音岩长江大桥钢-混凝土结合梁,设计并制作了1∶2大比例试验模型,对其进行了单项荷载与承载力极限状态荷载组合的加载试验,测试了试验模型主要断面的应变分布情况;结合有限元分析,对斜拉桥钢-混凝土结合梁的受力性能进行了研究。结果表明：斜拉桥结合梁承受较大弯矩时,截面上的应变并非线性分布,不满足平截面假定;轴力作用的加入能够有效抑制斜拉桥结合梁在弯矩作用下的滑移趋势,相比于常规结合梁,其钢与混凝土交界面的相对滑移量会更小;有限元分析结果与模型试验结果吻合较好,具有足够的工程精度;在该文所研究的斜拉桥主梁中,轴力主要由混凝土板承担,弯矩主要由钢梁承担。     

Comparative study of plasticity models for concrete material by using different criteria including Hsieh–Ting–Chen criterion

The purpose of this study is to investigate nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with the plasticity modeling. For this aim a nonlinear finite element analysis program is coded in MATLAB. This program contains several yield criteria and stress–strain relationship for compression and tension behavior of concrete. In this paper, the well-known criteria, Drucker-Prager, von Mises, and a new criterion, Hsieh–Ting–Chen, are taken into account. The elastic–perfectly plastic and Park–Paulay stress–strain relationships in compression behavior and tension stiffening in tension behavior of concrete are used with four different yield criteria mentioned above. It is concluded that the proposed models are in good agreement with the experimental and analytical results taken from the literature. It is also concluded that the coded program, the proposed models, and Hsieh–Ting–Chen criterion can be effectively used in the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beams.     

Nonlinear three–dimensional finite–element modelling of reinforced–concrete beams: Computational challenges and experimental validation

Three–dimensional nonlinear finite–element models have been developed to investigate the loading–unloading–reloading behaviour of two reinforced–concrete beams under four–point bending using explicit dynamics in ABAQUS. The damaged–plasticity model proposed by Lubliner and collaborators was employed for the plain concrete, and elastic–perfectly plastic models were employed for the steel reinforcement. A perfect bond was assumed between the steel rebars and concrete, whereby the bond–slip behaviour, as well as damage along crack patterns, were modelled through concrete damage. The influence of the shape of the tension–softening law on the numerical load–deflection response was studied by considering bi–linear, exponential and linear post–failure stress–displacement and stress–strain relationships. The effect of modelling steel rebars with truss or beam elements was also investigated. Structured meshes of linear hexahedral elements either with incompatible modes or with reduced integration, and unstructured meshes of either linear or ‘modified’ quadratic tetrahedral elements were considered. In terms of load–deflection curves, both the structured and the unstructured meshes gave results in very good agreement with test results. In terms of crack patterns, results predicted by the structured meshes exhibited some mesh bias, which was less pronounced with the unstructured meshes. In the post–yield phase, if a geometrically nonlinear model is used, discrepancies were found when truss elements were used for steel rebars, whereas good agreement was found if the bending stiffness of the rebars is included using beam elements. This is a non–obvious result that may be important to consider when studying the progressive collapse of RC structures.     

Finite rotation FE-simulation and active vibration control of smart composite laminated structures

The present article focuses on the nonlinear finite element simulation and control of large amplitude vibrations of smart piezolaminated composite structures. Full geometrically nonlinear finite rotation strain–displacement relations and Reissner–Mindlin first-order shear deformation hypothesis to include the transverse shear effects are considered to derive the variational formulation. A quadratic variation of electric potential is assumed in transverse direction. An assumed natural strain method for the shear strains, an enhanced assumed strain method for the membrane strains and an enhanced assumed gradient method for the electric field is incorporated to improve the behavior of a four-node shell element. Numerical simulations presented in this article show the accurate prediction capabilities of the proposed method, especially for structures undergoing finite deformations and rotations, in comparison to the results obtained by simplified nonlinear models available in references and also with those obtained by using the C3D20RE solid element for piezoelectric layers in the Abaqus code.     

智能CFRP加固RC梁荷载效应的实时模拟与测评

制备了4 根炭纤维复合材料(CFRP) 加固钢筋混凝土(RC) 实验梁, 并在梁内钢筋、混凝土及加固CFRP中预置了布拉格光栅光纤传感器(FBG) 和电阻应变片两种传感器。根据钢筋混凝土理论和ANSYS 有限元软件编制了实验梁受弯荷载效应模拟计算程序。实验表明, 实验梁在受弯承载过程中, 布拉格光栅光纤传感器与传统应变片有完全一致的线性关系; 模拟计算出的实验梁受拉钢筋、压区混凝土应变值及挠度与荷载的关系与CFRP 中FBG的实测值吻合较好。由于对既成RC 结构不能在内部装置传感器(会破坏结构降低抗力) , 采用智能CFRP 加固RC 结构可实现加固和实时健康测评双重功能。      

晶须转动对铝基复合材料热压缩变形行为的影响

采用平面应变有限元方法研究了晶须转动对晶须增强铝基复合材料热压缩变形行为的影响.数值结果表明:晶须转动不仅引起晶须承载能力的下降,而且也影响基体的塑性变形行为,同时复合材料在热压缩变形过程中表现出明显的应变软化行为.数值分析研究进一步证明:晶须转动是复合材料出现应变软化的重要原因.     

Stochastic analysis on flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams based on piecewise response surface scheme

To save the computational efforts of Monte Carlo simulation together with nonlinear finite element method, the analysis framework combining the response surface method and Monte Carlo simulation is usually adopted to investigate the stochastic nonlinear behavior of structures. It is found that the traditional response surface method could not describe stochastic behavior of cracked concrete beams. In order to overcome the discontinuity caused by cracking nonlinearity, a scheme by introducing a piecewise response surface is proposed in this paper. This scheme is evaluated by the stochastic analysis of several concrete beams. The comparison between the proposed method and some traditional methods, including Monte Carlo simulation and Monte Carlo simulation with traditional response surface, shows that the proposed method could well depict the stochastic behavior of concrete beams. Finally, the probability density evolution of concrete beams from short-term deflection to a long-term deflection is analyzed.     

集中荷载作用下宽翼缘双箱组合梁剪滞效应分析

宽翼缘钢-混凝土组合梁结构中剪滞效应的存在将导致混凝土翼板、钢梁底板及腹板发生纵向翘曲变形,对组合梁截面应力和变形产生重要影响。为了深入分析其作用机理,该文基于最小势能原理,忽略界面滑移效应,在假定混凝土翼板、钢梁底板纵向变形沿板宽度方向呈近似抛物线分布的前提下,推导了宽翼缘双箱钢-混凝土组合梁结构考虑剪滞效应的控制微分方程。并求得在两端简支约束条件和集中荷载作用下的应力和变形解析表达式。通过数值算例,结合组合梁试验、有限元模拟三者相互比较分析,表明该文提出的方法为分析组合梁结构关于剪滞效应问题提供了理论基础,对工程应用具有一定的指导作用和参考价值。     

部分组合框架-钢板剪力墙边框柱设计方法研究

该文通过对部分组合框架—薄钢板剪力墙结构的试验,发现其内嵌钢板破坏顺序为初始对角屈服、统一屈服和应变硬化三个阶段。引入部分组合柱后,有效改善了传统钢柱的弯扭失稳破坏模式,部分组合框架柱破坏模式为柱顶和柱底形成塑性铰的强度破坏。基于“强框架、弱墙板”的设计理念,该文根据叠加原理确定了统一屈服阶段和应变硬化阶段部分组合柱内力计算原则,提出了适用于部分组合框架-薄钢板剪力墙框架柱的设计方法。通过有限元验证表明：该设计方法能够有效地预测底层受压柱的破坏模式及其塑性铰出现的位置,能够为合理的钢板墙边框柱设计提供理论依据。     

Reddy高阶组合梁的非线性有限元分析

该文基于Reddy高阶梁理论,提出了小变形双层组合梁的隐式运动学假定;应用拉格朗日乘子法,将该隐式关系引入到组合梁的最小势能原理,得到了考虑各子梁和粘结滑移层非线性材料特性的高阶组合梁非线性位移法有限单元,且该单元可以容易地转化为非线性Timoshenko和Euler-Bernoulli组合梁有限单元。随后,该研究分别应用提出的Reddy、Timoshenko和Euler-Bernoulli组合梁有限单元对双跨连续钢-混凝土组合梁进行了准静力分析,考察剪切效应对组合梁构件的挠度、粘结层滑移和截面应力的影响,且参数分析了组合梁的跨高比对剪切效应的影响。参数分析表明：短粗组合梁结构往往表现出显著的剪切效应,Newmark假定不再适用。     

复合材料梁的几何精确非线性建模及非经典效应

基于Hodges的广义Timoshenko梁理论对具有任意剖面形状、任意材料分布及大变形的复合材料梁进行几何精确非线性建模,采用旋转张量分解法计算梁内任意一点的应变,采用变分渐近法确定梁剖面的任意翘曲,采用平衡方程由二次渐近精确的应变能导出广义Timoshenko应变能,采用广义Hamilton原理建立梁的几何精确非线性运动方程。将所建模型用于复合材料梁的静动力分析,通过与实验数据的对比,验证了建模方法的准确性,并进一步研究了剖面翘曲及横向剪切变形非经典效应对复合材料梁的影响。研究表明,剖面翘曲对复合材料梁的静变形和固有频率有显著影响,横向剪切变形对复合材料梁的静变形和固有频率的影响与梁的长度/剖面高度比有关。     

波形钢腹板(钢腹杆)-混凝土组合箱抗扭承载力试验与计算

为研究波形钢腹板（钢腹杆）-混凝土组合箱抗扭特性,进行了构件的抗扭承载力试验,结果表明：混凝土底板首先出现斜向裂缝,裂缝与混凝土主拉应变垂直,顶底板裂缝呈螺旋状开展,裂缝方向与主梁纵轴线约成45°;底板出现宽度较大的主斜裂缝,钢筋受拉屈服,组合箱受扭破坏。采用有限元软件ANSYS对扭转试验构件进行了非线性有限元分析,有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合良好。参照混凝土箱梁的开裂扭矩计算公式,建立了组合箱开裂扭矩的计算公式;应用混凝土箱梁变角度空间桁架理论,根据波形钢腹板（钢腹杆）-混凝土组合箱达到极限扭矩时可能出现三种破坏形式,建立了组合箱极限扭矩的计算公式。通过与试验结果和实桥截面有限元分析结果的比较表明,建立的波形钢腹板（钢腹杆）-混凝土组合箱抗扭承载力简化计算公式具较高精度,最大误差不超过10%,可运用于实桥计算。     

Nonlinear finite element modeling of concrete deep beams with openings strengthened with externally-bonded composites

This paper aims to develop 3D nonlinear finite element (FE) models for reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams containing web openings and strengthened in shear with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite sheets. The web openings interrupted the natural load path either fully or partially. The FE models adopted realistic materials constitutive laws that account for the nonlinear behavior of materials. In the FE models, solid elements for concrete, multi-layer shell elements for CFRP and link elements for steel reinforcement were used to simulate the physical models. Special interface elements were implemented in the FE models to simulate the interfacial bond behavior between the concrete and CFRP composites. A comparison between the FE results and experimental data published in the literature demonstrated the validity of the computational models in capturing the structural response for both unstrengthened and CFRP-strengthened deep beams with openings. The developed FE models can serve as a numerical platform for performance prediction of RC deep beams with openings strengthened in shear with CFRP composites.     

Real microstructure based micromechanical model to simulate microstructural level deformation behavior and failure initiation in DP 590 steel

Dual phase (DP) steels having a microstructure consists of a ferrite matrix, in which particles of martensite are dispersed, have received a great deal of attention due to their useful combination of high strength, high work hardening rate and ductility. In the present work, a microstructure based micromechanical model is developed to capture the deformation behavior, plastic strain localization and plastic instability of DP 590 steel. A microstructure based approach by means of representative volume element (RVE) is employed for this purpose. Dislocation based model is implemented to predict the flow behavior of the single phases. Plastic strain localization which arises due to incompatible deformation between the hard martensite and soft ferrite phases is predicted for DP 590 steel. Different failure modes arise from plastic strain localization in DP 590 steel are investigated on the actual microstructure by finite element method.     

Analysis of crack tip plasticity for microstructurally small cracks using crystal plasticity theory

Crack tip plastic zone sizes and crack tip opening displacements (CTOD) for stationary microstructurally small cracks are calculated using the finite element method. To simulate the plastic deformation occurring at the crack tip, a two-dimensional small strain constitutive relationship from single crystal plasticity theory is implemented in the finite element code ANSYS as a user-defined plasticity subroutine. Small cracks are modeled in both single grains and multiple grains, and different crystallographic conditions are considered. The computed plastic zone sizes and CTOD are compared with those found using conventional isotropic plasticity theory, and significant differences are observed.     

Finite deformation formulation for embedded frictional crack with the extended finite element method

We reformulate an extended finite element (FE) framework for embedded frictional cracks in elastoplastic solids to accommodate finite deformation, including finite stretching and rotation. For the FE representation, we consider a Galerkin approximation in which both the trial and weighting functions adapt to the current contact configuration. Contact and frictional constraints employ two Kuhn–Tucker conditions, a contact/separation constraint nesting over a stick/slip constraint for the case when the crack faces are in frictional sliding mode. We integrate finite deformation bulk plasticity into the formulation using the multiplicative decomposition technique of nonlinear continuum mechanics. We then present plane strain simulations demonstrating various aspects of the extended FE solutions. The mechanisms considered include combined opening and frictional sliding in initially straight, curved, and S‐shaped cracks, with and without bulk plasticity. To gain further insight into the extended FE solutions, we perform mesh convergence studies focusing on both the global and the local responses of structures with cracks, including the distribution of the normal component of traction on the crack faces. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.