Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of general gyroelectric media

Explicit and relatively simple expressions for eigenvalues and guided (propagating) eigenvectors of a general gyroelectric medium, where the preferred guided wave direction, zˆ, is parallel to the gyrotropic axis and anisotropy is confined to a plane transverse to z, are given. Some special cases of interest, namely, Hermitian, symmetric (biaxial), and uniaxial permittivity tensors, are also considered. The natural, or optic, coordinate basis is used to derive the source-free eigenvectors and to explicitly reveal the polarization states of those eigenvectors. Also under this basis, the evolution of eigenvalues and eigenvectors as off-diagonal terms of the permittivity tensor uniformly vanish, a transition from the biaxial to the uniaxial case, is discussed     

Algebraic Signal Processing Theory: Cooley–Tukey Type Algorithms for DCTs and DSTs

This paper presents a systematic methodology to derive and classify fast algorithms for linear transforms. The approach is based on the algebraic signal processing theory. This means that the algorithms are not derived by manipulating the entries of transform matrices, but by a stepwise decomposition of the associated signal models, or polynomial algebras. This decomposition is based on two generic methods or algebraic principles that generalize the well-known Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform (FFT) and make the algorithms' derivations concise and transparent. Application to the 16 discrete cosine and sine transforms yields a large class of fast general radix algorithms, many of which have not been found before.     

Low complexity joint time offset and frequency offset estimations for LTE uplink system

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is currently used in long term evolution (LTE) system. The time offset estimation (TOE) and frequency offset estimation (FOE) of OFDM is essential in mobile communication base. According to the conventional cross correlation TOE and FOE algorithms, a new cross correlation computation was proposed to estimate the time offset and frequency offset for LTE uplink system, so that the time offset and frequency offset can be estimated simultaneously with low complexity. Compared with the conventional TOE and FOE algorithms, the simulation show that the proposed can reduce complexity and improve performance for FOE with good performance for TOE in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath channel.     

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of covariance matrices for signalsclosely spaced in frequency

The eigenstructures of common covariance matrices are identified for the general case of M closely spaced signals. It is shown that the largest signal-space eigenvalue is relatively insensitive to signal separation. By contrast, the ith largest eigenvalue is proportional to δω^2(i-1) or δω^4(i-1), where δω is a measure of signal separation. Therefore, matrix conditioning degrades rapidly as signal separation is reduced. It is also shown that the limiting eigenvectors have remarkably simple structures. The results are very general, and apply to planar far-field direction-finding problems involving almost arbitrary scenarios, and also to time-series analysis of sinusoids, exponentials, and other signals     

On the generalized eigenvectors of a class of moment matrices

An investigation is made of the eigenstructure of a class of lower triangular moment matrices that arose in the context of finding the forced response of IIR filters to typical excitations. It is found that the Jordan matrix can have at most two types of Jordan blocks. The modal matrix is shown to have a peculiar structure where the progenitors in the column partitions corresponding to the Jordan blocks have a certain pattern     

Joint weighted least-squares estimation of carrier-frequency offset and timing offset for OFDM systems over multipath fading channels

This work presents an algorithm for joint estimation of carrier-frequency offset and timing offset for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in the tracking mode. The proposed weighted least-squares algorithm derives its estimates based on phase differences in the received pilot subcarrier signals between two symbols. Moreover, the optimal weights in two different channel conditions are derived. Both analysis and simulation show that the weighted least-squares algorithm can effectively and accurately estimate the carrier-frequency offset as well as the timing offset of OFDM signals in multipath fading channels.     

Simultaneous clock phase and frequency offset estimation

Residual frequency offsets may often result in poor functioning of a digital receiver. This is particularly true in a frequency selective environment where an adaptive equalizer may be required. In this paper, a frequency offset estimation algorithm is presented which is based on applying a nonlinear operation on the received sampled baseband signal. Tones at multiples of the clock frequency are produced and the phases of these tones provide both the desired frequency offset and clock phase information. This algorithm is intended to operate without knowledge of the pulse shape and therefore may be suitable for frequency selective environments. Additionally, the clock phase may be estimated with very little overhead. Simulations with AWGN, flat and frequency selective fading channels are included     

有频偏的星座图恢复和匹配

提出一种调制识别算法。首先利用载波相位跟踪盲分离算法估计载波频偏,以消除其对星座图恢复和匹配的影响。然后通过样本与核的相似性度量的动态聚类来恢复信号星座图,利用准最大似然分类准则,完成重构星座图与预期星座图的匹配。在存在频偏的情况下,仿真表明该算法的有效性。     

基于多源特征向量的微电网双向变换器故障诊断

针对微电网变流器相关故障诊断研究的不足,文中对微电网常用的共直流母线型双向多端口直流-直流变换器进行故障诊断方法的研究。通过仿真分析并结合变换器电路中的电流电压特性,提出用于微电网双向多端口变换器并能够同时满足两种工作模式下的小波包变换-多源特征向量-极限学习机故障诊断方法,即采用小波包变换频谱分析法获得的电流与电压构造多源联合故障特征向量,结合ELM(极限学习机)对其实现故障诊断分类,定位其故障元件。此方法诊断精度高、泛化性能好,可以作为微电网逆变系统故障单元定位和健康管理(PHM)设计的参考和基础。     

Multiple-bit differential detection of offset QPSK

Analogous to multiple-symbol differential detection of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), a multiple-bit differential detection scheme is described for offset QPSK that also exhibits continuous improvement in performance with increasing observation interval. Being derived from maximum-likelihood considerations together with the representation of differentially encoded offset QPSK as a continuous phase modulation, the proposed scheme is purported to be the most power-efficient scheme for such a modulation and detection method.     

Frequency-dependent behaviour of microstrip offset junctions

The scattering coefficients of a general microstrip offset junction are calculated. This is done by a modal analysis based on a microstrip-line waveguide model. Theoretical results are compared with measurement.     

Exact synthesis of offset dual reflectors

The shaping of offset dual reflector surfaces using geometrical optics can be placed on a firm mathematical basis and solutions can be found for a number of problems hitherto thought to be insoluble except by approximate methods. Examples are given for tapered conical feed cones and circular output aportures with uniform phase and power distributions.     

Depolarization properties of offset reflector antennas

The cross polarized radiation for linearly polarized excitation and the beam displacement for circularly polarized excitation have been investigated for offset reflector antennas. Numerical calculations are given to illustrate the dependence upon the angletheta_{0}between the feed axis and the reflector axis as well as upon the half-angletheta_{c}subtended at the focus by the reflector. In the casetheta_{0} = theta_{c} = 45deg, measured results have been obtained for both linearly and circularly polarized excitations with a dual mode feed illuminating an offset paraboloid. The cross polarized radiation of horn reflector and open Cassegrainian antennas rises sharply to rather high values off the beam axis; however, in general, the maximum cross polarized radiation of offset reflector antennas can be made small by using a small angle between the feed and reflector axes. The cross polarization caused by offset is compared with that caused by an unbalanced feed pattern. The effect of the longitudinal current distribution and of departure of the surface from a paraboloid on cross polarization are also examined. The clarification of these cross polarization properties is found to be valuable in the design of reflector antennas.     

Comparison of estimators for frequency offset

A model is proposed for errors that occur in estimating frequency offset between oscillators driving two clocks that are synchronized with a digital control loop. Three specific estimators are analyzed. One, the maximum-likelihood estimator, yields a minimum-mean-square estimate for Gaussian errors. A second offers convenient implementation and provides performance close to that of the maximum-likelihood estimator     

On maximum-likelihood estimation of clock offset

Delay measurements from timing message exchanges between two clocks produce a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) of the clock offset when fixed delays in each direction are equal and unknown, and variable delays in each direction have an exponential distribution with an unknown mean. It is shown that the MLE corresponds to a previously proposed estimator of clock offset. The ML interpretation of the estimator provides further insight and motivation for its use.     

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of generalized DFT, generalized DHT,DCT-IV and DST-IV matrices

In this paper, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the generalized discrete Fourier transform (GDFT), the generalized discrete Hartley transform (GDHT), the type-IV discrete cosine transform (DCT-IV), and the type-IV discrete sine transform (DST-IV) matrices are investigated in a unified framework. First, the eigenvalues and their multiplicities of the GDFT matrix are determined, and the theory of commuting matrices is applied to find the real, symmetric, orthogonal eigenvectors set that constitutes the discrete counterpart of Hermite Gaussian function. Then, the results of the GDFT matrix and the relationships among these four unitary transforms are used to find the eigenproperties of the GDHT, DCT-IV, and DST-IV matrices. Finally, the fractional versions of these four transforms are defined, and an image watermarking scheme is proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of fractional transforms     

IQ imbalance compensation scheme in the presence of frequency offset and dynamic DC offset for a direct conversion receiver

A direct conversion architecture reduces the cost and power consumption of a receiver. However, a direct conversion receiver may suffer from direct current (DC) offset, frequency offset, and IQ imbalance. This paper presents an IQ imbalance estimation scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) direct conversion receivers. The proposed IQ imbalance estimation scheme operates in the presence of dynamic DC offset and frequency offset. The proposed scheme calculates IQ imbalance from a simple equation. It employs the knowledge of the preamble symbols of the IEEE 802.11 a/g standards, while it does not require the impulse response of the channel. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the bit error rate (BER) performance for the proposed IQ imbalance estimation scheme has a degradation of about 4dB with a large DC offset, frequency offset, and IQ imbalance.     

双模场中Susskind-Glogower相算符的对偶本征矢

找到了双模场中Susskind-Glogower相算符eiφ态矢|(S),q〉的对偶本征矢|(S),q〉*,运用围道积分证明了|(S),q〉*是e-iφ和光子数差算符的共同本征矢.研究了|(S),q〉*的性质,结果是|(S),q〉*及其对偶〈(S),q |构成围道积分形式的完备性,给出了双模场的相态表象.