玻璃基体碱性化学镀镍-磷合金工艺研究

研究了玻璃基体上化学沉积Ni-P合金的工艺条件,讨论了碱性化学镀镍过程中硫酸镍、次磷酸钠和柠檬酸钠的质量浓度,温度以及pH对镀层沉积速率的影响,获得较佳工艺条件如下:硫酸镍30 g/L,次磷酸钠25 g/L,柠檬酸钠10g/L,温度45 ℃,pH=9.在此条件下获得的镍-磷合金镀层含磷3.2%,属于低磷镀层.采用氯化钯滴定法测得镀液的稳定时间达到30min.     

网状聚氨酯泡沫化学镀镍工艺的研究

研究了前处理过程中粗化对镀层质量的影响,以及化学镀镍过程中硫酸镍、次磷酸钠、氯化铵、柠檬酸钠和温度等工艺条件对镀层的沉积速率和电阻率的影响。经优化的网状聚氨酯泡沫化学镀镍的最佳工艺条件为:硫酸镍35g/L,次磷酸钠15g/L,氯化铵60g/L,柠檬酸钠20g/L,温度45℃。结果表明:镀镍后大大提高了网状聚氨酯泡沫的导电性,且镀层均匀、结合牢固。     

马氏体不锈钢化学镀镍工艺的研究

研究了马氏体不锈钢化学镀Ni-P合金的工艺。讨论了中性化学镀镍过程中硫酸镍、次磷酸钠、柠檬酸三钠、温度对镀速的影响。获得的最佳工艺条件为:硫酸镍10g/L,次磷酸钠20g/L,柠檬酸三钠12g/L,85℃。在此条件下获得的镀层中磷的质量分数为10.19%,属于高磷镀层,镀层孔隙率低,均匀地覆盖在基体上。     

低温低磷化学镀镍

研究了温度、pH、次磷酸钠、柠檬酸和辅助配位剂对化学镀镍沉积速率和镀层磷含量的影响,确定了一种低温(40℃)、低磷(w=4.15%)的碱性化学镀液配方:硫酸镍25 g/L,次磷酸钠8.0 g/L,柠檬酸30 g/L,辅助配位剂(一种含铵的化合物)15 g/L,pH 9.0.     

低碳钢快速化学镀Ni-P合金的研究

以低碳钢为基体进行酸性化学镀Ni-P,采用单因素实验法研究了温度、pH值、还原剂的质量浓度以及时间等工艺参数对化学镀层沉积速率及耐蚀性的影响.结果表明最佳工艺条件为:硫酸镍30 g/L,次磷酸钠40 g/L,柠檬酸钠10 g/L,醋酸10 mL/L,乳酸10 mL/L,pH值4.0,80℃,1.5h;在该工艺条件下,镀...     

低温化学镀镍磷合金工艺

以A3钢为基体,在低温下以化学镀制备镍磷合金。研究了镀液中复合配位剂含量、添加剂含量、温度、pH等条件对镀速的影响,以优化化学镀镍磷合金工艺。对镀层的外观、结合强度、耐蚀性、孔隙率等性能进行了表征。得到化学镀Ni-P合金较优的工艺条件为:NiSO4.6H2O30g/L,NaH2PO2.H2O30g/L,柠檬酸钠10g/L,植酸18g/L,NaF6g/L,巯基乙酸0.6g/L,温度50°C,pH9.0,氨水缓冲剂适量。在此条件下得到的Ni-P合金镀层具有良好的外观,孔隙率低,结合力强,耐蚀性好。     

涤纶纤维表面化学镀镍–磷工艺研究

以涤纶纤维的增重率和电阻为指标,研究了镀液组成、pH、温度、涤纶装载量和施镀时间等对化学镀镍–磷的影响,得到涤纶化学镀镍–磷的最佳工艺条件为:柠檬酸钠10 g/L,硫酸镍20 g/L,次磷酸钠8 g/L,乙酸钠15 g/L,镀液pH为6.0~6.2,温度80°C,装载量9 g/L,时间10~15 min。采用最佳工艺对涤纶纤维化学镀镍–磷后其增重率约为19%,电阻约为10Ω/cm。     

AZ91D镁合金直接化学镀镍层性能的研究

在AZ91D镁合金表面直接化学镀镍。研究了镍离子的质量浓度、缓蚀剂的体积分数、温度、pH值对镀速及镀层孔隙率的影响,得到最佳的工艺条件为:镍离子8.8g/L,乳酸25g/L,次磷酸钠29g/L,氟化氢铵10g/L,缓蚀剂1.77mL/L,铅离子1.5mg/L,硫脲4mg/L,pH值5.5,温度85℃。结果表明:镀层均匀,结合力良好。     

AZ31镁合金无氰化学镀镍工艺的研究

研究了在AZ31镁合金表面二次浸锌后直接进行化学镀镍的工艺。分析了pH、温度、镍离子质量浓度和次磷酸钠质量浓度对镀速的影响,并测试了镀层的结合力、表面形貌、成分含量和耐蚀性。结果表明,以二次浸锌法进行预处理,无需氰化镀铜打底;在pH为7,碱式碳酸镍质量浓度25g/L,次磷酸钠质量浓度30g/L时,镀速有最大值;AZ31镁合金化学镀镍后耐蚀性明显提高,腐蚀电位从-1.52V提高到-0.55V;化学镀镍的优化参数为15g/L碱式碳酸镍,25g/L次磷酸钠,pH为6,温度82℃。     

化学镀非晶态镍-磷合金的研究

以沉积速度和镀层中磷含量为评价指标,通过实验分别考察了硫酸镍质量浓度、硫酸镍与次磷酸钠的摩尔比、pH、温度及EDTA-2Na对化学镀镍-磷合金的影响。实验结果表明,当硫酸镍质量浓度为20～30g/L、n(硫酸镍)∶n(次磷酸钠)为0.25～0.40、络合剂总质量浓度为35g/L(其中EDTA-2Na为2.5～10.0 g/L),θ为86～90℃、pH为4.6～5.0时,沉积速度为11.87～14.00μm/h,镀层中w(磷)为10.2%～12.0%;镀层X-射线衍射图谱显示出非晶态结构所具有的典型"馒头峰"。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。