受限领域问答系统的中文问句分析研究

对用户所提问句的理解是受限领域问答系统实现的关键,该文提出一种基于本体和问句句型模板规则的中文问句分析方法,研究如何使用问句语义表征来表示问句分析的结果,将该方法应用于某受限领域问答系统中。实验结果表明,使用该方法进行中文问句分析,准确率达90%以上,可以在实际的问答系统中使用该方法。     

基于Web的受限领域问答系统研究及应用

自动问答技术是自然语言处理领域中一个非常热门的研究方向,它综合运用了自然语言处理技术,传统的问答系统的知识库一般是基于固定的文档集合,丰富的网络资源为问答系统提供了另外一种良好的知识来源,提出并构建了一个基于网络的天气预报领域的问答系统,通过缩小问题的覆盖面的方法,提高了系统的准确性。     

中文问答系统中的问句理解

描述了一种通过人工总结规则建立模型来理解问答系统中问句的方法。该模型采用浅层语法分析和部分语义分析相结合的方法来断定一个问句所包含的信息。     

查询扩展在开放领域问答系统中的应用

文档检索是问答式检索系统的重要组成部分,它提供了整个系统进行答案抽取等后续处理的基础.查询扩展是一种能有效地改进文档检索性能的常用方法.FDUQA在检索模块中结合自然语言处理技术,引入了查询扩展功能.实验证明,通过在开放领域问答系统的检索模块中加入查询扩展,文档检索的首位正确率提高了11.6%,返回文档集的整体质量有了明显的提高,提高了系统的整体性能.     

受限领域中文问答系统的中心句识别的研究

在自动问答系统中,只有识别用户输入问句的具体含义后,才能做出相应的处理。文章尝试使用领域知识库作为基础,运用模式匹配的方法实现对用户输入问句的分类,识别问句中的中心句和关键词,计算这些关键词的概念与领域知＋识库中已有概念的相似度,并将这些参数传给检索系统采检出合适的答案。     

基于关键词距离的中文问答系统研究

阐述的中文问答系统是以网络信息为支撑,结合传统问答系统的思想和网络信息资源的特点,采取切实有效的方法,来回答用户用自然语言形式提出的问题.系统的核心部分是依据关键词距离算法进行答案抽取,该算法是在总结大规模网络摘要及中文问句特点的基础上得出的,从最后实验结果看该系统效果显著,对测试问句集的MRR值达到了0.56.     

问答系统研究综述

问答系统是人工智能和自然语言处理领域中具有广泛发展前景的研究方向之一.早期的问答系统限定以自然语言形式进行提问和回答,近年来,随着多模态知识图谱、多模态预训练模型的发展,支持文字、图片、音频、视频等多种模态间信息查询的广义问答系统逐渐成为新的研究热点,其以多媒体方式展示结果,更加直观、全面.本文根据问答系统任务对象的变化,将问答系统划分为3种类型:专用问答系统、通用问答系统和多模态问答系统.分析了这3种类型的问答系统发展过程中所面临的问题,着重总结每个阶段所采用的关键技术与方法,同时对问答系统在工业上的应用进行了举例说明,并对未来研究方向进行了展望.     

中文自动问答系统探讨

中文自动问答系统是网络高速发展的必然产物。论文从自动问答系统的定义入手,系统的研究了它的关键技术,并对其应用前景和发展趋势做了预测。     

基于自动问答系统的信息检索技术研究进展

自动问答是根据用户以自然语言提出的问题给出一个明确的答案。近年来,自动问答越来越受到信息检索和自然语言处理的研究者的关注。典型的自动问答系统通常包含问题分析、文段检索和答案选择等部件。介绍了自动问答的最新研究进展和相关国际会议情况,着重阐述问题分类、查询扩展、文段检索和答案选择这四个热点技术的主要功能和常用方法,最后提出存在的一些问题和展望。     

问答系统中基于维基百科的问题扩展技术研究

为了解决文档与查询之间词的不匹配的问题,对问题扩展技术进行了研究,提出了一种基于维基百科的查询扩展方法.该方法使用与问题相关的维基百科页面对问题扩展,引入了基于局部文档集的查询扩展方法,并使用BM25算法对检索排序进行修正.通过测评对比,验证了用此方法得到的检索结果在原来的基础上有了很大提高.     

Arabic question answering system: a survey

Question answering is a subfield of information retrieval. It is a task of answering a question posted in a natural language. A question answering system (QAS) may be considered a good alternative to search engines that return a set of related documents. The QAS system is composed of three main modules; question analysis, passage retrieval, and answer extraction. Over the years, numerous QASs have been presented for use in different languages. However, the the development of Arabic QASs has been slowed by linguistic challenges and the lack of resources and tools available to researchers. In this survey, we start with the challenges due to the language and how these challenges make the development of new Arabic QAS more difficult. Next, we do a detailed review of several Arabic QASs. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of the techniques and approaches in the three modules of a QAS. We present an overview of important and recent tools that were developed to help the researchers in this field. We also cover the available Arabic and multilingual datasets, and a look at the different measures used to assess QASs. Finally, the survey delves into the future direction of Arabic QAS systems based on the current state-of-the-art techniques developed for question answering in other languages.

     

A fuzzy reasoning database question answering system

Describes a question-answering system based on fuzzy logic. The proposed system provides the capability to assess whether a database contains information pertinent to a subject of interest by evaluating each comment in the database via a fuzzy evaluator that attributes a fuzzy membership value indicating its relationship to the subject. An assessment is provided for the database as a whole regarding its pertinence to the subject of interest, and consequently comments that are considered irrelevant to the subject may be discarded. The system has been developed for the examination of databases that were created during the development of the IBM 4381 computer systems, for bookkeeping purposes, to assess whether such databases contain information pertinent to the functional changes that occurred during the development cycle. The system, however, can be applied with minimal changes to a variety of circumstances, provided that the fundamental assumptions for the development of the membership functions are respected in the new application. Its applicability, without modifications, assuming the same subject of interest, is granted for databases comprising similar characteristics to that of the original database for which the system has been developed     

智能答疑系统的设计与研究

提出了一个高效的、科学的智能答疑系统。介绍了该系统开发的环境、分析了该系统组成的各个模块以及关键技术,最后实践证明了该系统提高了教学效率和教学手段,达到了较为理想的教学效果。     

Performance analysis of a distributed question/answering system

The problem of question/answering (Q/A) is to find answers to open-domain questions by searching large collections of documents. Unlike information retrieval systems very common today in the form of Internet search engines, Q/A systems do not retrieve documents, but instead provide short, relevant answers located in small fragments of text. This enhanced functionality comes with a price: Q/A systems are significantly slower and require more hardware resources than information retrieval systems. This paper proposes a distributed Q/A architecture that enhances the system throughput through the exploitation of interquestion parallelism and dynamic load balancing and reduces the individual question response time through the exploitation of intraquestion parallelism. Inter and intraquestion parallelism are both exploited using several scheduling points: one before the Q/A task is started and two embedded in the Q/A task. An analytical performance model is introduced. The model analyzes both the interquestion parallelism overhead generated by the migration of questions and the intraquestion parallelism overhead generated by the partitioning of the Q/A task. The analytical model indicates that both question migration and partitioning are required for a high-performance system     

Time-aware hybrid expertise retrieval system in community question answering services

This paper introduces a time-aware hybrid expertise retrieval (TaHER) system for community question answering (CQA) services. It comprises of a text-based part and a network-based part. The text-based part makes use of the textual and the temporal information associated with questions and answers. Moreover, it assesses the recent interests and the activities of answerers. For a given question, it determines the knowledge of each answerer and identify active answerers with adequate knowledge. The network-based part is composed of several period-dependent networks. It uses the relationships among the answerers along with temporal information. Next, it applies a link analysis technique on the networks to determine the time-aware authority of each answerer in the community. We, nonetheless, propose a fusion strategy for combining the offshoots of these two parts. Using 5 performance measures, TaHER system is compared with 20 state-of-the-art algorithms on 4 real-world datasets. According to our experiments, in 93.75% (375 out of 400) cases, the proposed approach outperforms the comparing approaches. We also experimentally validate the importance of each assumption used by us.

     

Anti-negation method for handling negation words in question answering system

The question answer (QA) system for a reading comprehension task tries to answer the question by retrieving the needed phrase from the given content. Precise answering is the key role of a QA system. An ambiguity is developed when we need to answer a negative question with a positive reply. The negation words change the polarity of the sentence, and hence, the scope of negation words is notable. This has paved the way for studying the role of ‘negation’ in the natural language processing (NLP) task. The handling of these words is considered a major part of our proposed methodology. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to retrieve and replace the negation words present in the content and query. A comparative study is done for performing word embedding over these words using various state-of-the-art methods. In earlier works when handling the negation the semantics of the sentences are changed. Hence, in this paper we try to maintain the semantics through our proposed methodology. The updated content is embedded into the bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) and thus makes the retrieving of an answer for a question answer system easier. The proposed work has been carried over the Stanford Negation, and the SQuAD dataset with a higher precision value of 96.2% has been achieved in retrieving the answers that are given in the dataset.

     

Building a Vietnamese question answering system based on knowledge graph and distributed CNN

Neural Computing and Applications - Question answering system (QAS) can be applied everywhere such as in schools, hospitals, banks, e-commerce websites. A smart QAS that can replace people is what...     

Evaluating question answering over linked data

The availability of large amounts of open, distributed, and structured semantic data on the web has no precedent in the history of computer science. In recent years, there have been important advances in semantic search and question answering over RDF data. In particular, natural language interfaces to online semantic data have the advantage that they can exploit the expressive power of Semantic Web data models and query languages, while at the same time hiding their complexity from the user. However, despite the increasing interest in this area, there are no evaluations so far that systematically evaluate this kind of systems, in contrast to traditional question answering and search interfaces to document spaces. To address this gap, we have set up a series of evaluation challenges for question answering over linked data. The main goal of the challenge was to get insight into the strengths, capabilities, and current shortcomings of question answering systems as interfaces to query linked data sources, as well as benchmarking how these interaction paradigms can deal with the fact that the amount of RDF data available on the web is very large and heterogeneous with respect to the vocabularies and schemas used. Here, we report on the results from the first and second of such evaluation campaigns. We also discuss how the second evaluation addressed some of the issues and limitations which arose from the first one, as well as the open issues to be addressed in future competitions.     

Image captioning improved visual question answering

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Both Visual Question Answering (VQA) and image captioning are the problems which involve Computer Vision (CV) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) domains. In...