基于传声器阵列的声源定位

采用基于时延估计(Time Delay Estimation,TDE)的声源定位技术,估计出目标声源到达不同麦克风阵元间的时间差,并结合平面五元十字阵的几何定位模型算法确定了声源位置。针对目前基于传声器阵列声源定位系统定位精度有待进一步提高的问题,提出一种新的定位算法,利用组合传声器阵列阵元相互之间几何位置关系,即通过多个传声器,多方向估计,多个阵列之间综合考虑,确定具有较高精度的声源位置。     

TDOA声源定位中阵列阵型对误差的影响

在麦克风阵列声源定位中,不同阵列阵型及声源频率高低均对定位结果产生影响,探讨上述不同变量对定位结果产生误差的定量分析。使用到达时间差测量(TDOA)算法,运用16个麦克风分别组成十字型、同心圆、方型、L型、Y型阵列,探讨不同形状的麦克风阵列在不同频率声源下所产生的定位误差,并在Matlab上进行仿真分析,尝试得到较为准确的声源定位结果,提出一种误差最小的用于麦克风阵列声源定位的同心圆阵列阵型。     

一种基于四元十字麦克风阵的声源定位算法

实现了一种基于四元十字麦克风阵列的声源定位系统。选取四元十字阵作为麦克风阵列的阵型,推导了基于四元十字麦克风阵列的声源定位算法的公式。针对传统互相关时延估计算法在低信噪比、混响大的环境下鲁棒性较差的问题,系统采用广义互相关算法来进行定位的时延估计,并使用Cortex-A8嵌入式平台实现了鲁棒的声源定位系统。     

麦克风阵列声源定位研究与ARM实现

以EasyARM2100实验板为硬件平台,设计了一个可以在二维平面内对声源进行实时定位的实验系统。系统软件部分采用了基于到达时延估计双步定位法,并使用二次相关时延估计法和三元阵几何定位法分别对时延和声源的位置进行估计。通过在系统上的大量试验测试,表明系统硬件性能良好,软件定位算法实现简单,运算量小,精度较高,有较强的抗混响和抗噪声能力,可用在实时定位系统中。     

基于麦克风阵列的相容时延矢量声源定位方法

时延估计是常用的声源定位方法,传统的算法将定位分为两个步骤,即先估计麦克风阵列中每一对基元的接收信号时延,然后根据这些时延用几何的方法确定声源的位置。在低信噪比下,一对麦克风的时延估计误差较大,导致定位误差较大。相容时延矢量估计算法将两步合为一步,没有逐对估计时延,而是构造一个目标函数,通过搜索得到声源的位置。仿真结果表明,在低信噪比下,只需要较短的数据,该算法仍可得到较高的定位精度。     

基于任意麦克风阵列的声源二维DOA估计算法研究

对基于麦克风阵列的声源定位技术进行了研究,分析了基于麦克风阵列的远场信号模型,并结合子空间的方法推导出了声源二维(水平角和俯仰角)DOA估计——2D-MUSIC算法,该算法适用于任意拓扑结构的麦克风阵列。利用MATLAB仿真工具,对几种典型阵列结构进行了对比分析,提出了2种新型的三维麦克风阵列:均匀球面阵和三维均匀直线阵。仿真结果表明,提出的DOA估计算法在二维的均匀圆阵、三维的均匀球面阵和三维均匀直线阵中,均能得到较好的DOA估计效果。     

实时声源定位算法研究与实现

声源定位技术是语音增强、语音识别技术的前提和基础。基于麦克风阵列的声源定位技术已经成为一大研究热点,其广阔的应用前景得到了广泛的关注。本文提出基于变步长标准最小均方差（variable step size least mean square,VLMS）的声源定位算法。该算法利用VLMS算法自适应估计声源到麦克风的脉冲响应系数,进而估计出各麦克风之间时延,并利用几何方法定位声源在3D空间的位置。此外,本文设计了基于Cortex-A8嵌入式平台的声源定位系统,并进行了相应的硬件选型与调试及算法移植工作。实时实验显示,本系统的方案合理有效,能够较好的实现声源定位。     

近场声源定位算法研究

麦克风阵列声源定位可为在复杂环境下的说话人的空间位置估计提供有效的解决方案.而传统的应用于雷达,声呐系统领域的阵列信号处理理论已趋于完美,很多应用于阵列信号处理的算法加以修改就可以用来进行麦克风阵列的声源定位.以阵列信号处理中的经典算法MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification)算法为原型...     

基于麦克风阵列的声源定位系统设计与应用

概括声源定位实验原理并设计麦克风阵列进行声源的捕捉,通过多次实验验证,与仿真软件的数据拟合,使得声源定位算法得到进一步提升。系统配备专门的上位机控制软件,当上位机得到各组麦克风阵列收集到的数据后,经Matlab程序估计时延及解析声源位置,通过软件的声源波形图和声源雷达图使得声源的定位更加直观。     

基于加权子空间拟合的声源定位与跟踪方法

麦克风阵列声源定位可为复杂环境下的说话人空间位置估计问题提供一种有效的解决方案。该文基于粒子滤波框架,提出了一种加权子空间拟合声源定位与跟踪方法。该方法将窄带子空间拟合算法的代价函数推广至宽带情形,构建了一种适用于宽带语音信号的似然函数,并结合说话人的运动模型估计声源的位置。计算机仿真与实测结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

传感器位置误差情况下基于多维标度分析的时差定位算法

传统时差定位方法一般是在假设传感器位置信息准确已知的前提下进行的.然而在实际情形中,传感器位置信息往往含有随机误差,这些误差会严重影响对目标的定位精度.针对这一问题,提出了一种传感器位置误差情况下的多维标度时差定位算法.首先利用传感器位置和时差构造对称标量积矩阵,然后利用子空间理论建立关于目标位置的伪线性方程,最后通过设计加权矩阵来减少传感器位置误差对目标定位精度的影响.采用一阶小噪声扰动理论求出了目标位置估计的偏差及协方差矩阵,并通过仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性.     

无源时差定位方程的半定松弛解法

针对基于到达时差量测的多站无源定位系统,提出了一种基于半定松弛的时差定位方程求解方法.该方法首先将关于目标位置估计的非凸二次优化问题转换成等价的非凸半定规划问题,然后通过秩1松弛得到一个凸优化问题,最后对松弛半定规划问题的最优解进行秩1近似,从而提取出最终的目标位置估计.计算机仿真结果表明这种松弛解法可以有效求解目标位置.     

一种基于声音定位的激光武器系统

本文开发了一套基于声音定位的激光武器系统,能快速、准确地将狙击手定位.本方案中适用了麦克风阵列,利用声音到达麦克的时间差计算出声源位置,然后控制激光照射声源,完成了基于声音定位的激光武器系统.     

TDOA中几种时延估计算法的比较

在现有的传声器阵列声源定位方法中,基于声达时间差(TDOA)估计定位法计算量较小,定位精度较高,同时也易于实现实时系统,是目前声源定位法中常用的方法。采用该方法最重要的就是进行时间延迟估计(TDE),其精确性直接影响到定位的准确与否。概括了基于传声器阵列的声达时间差(TDOA)估计定位法中几种时间延迟估计的算法,给出了部分算法的仿真结果,分析了每种算法中存在的优缺点并同时指出了需进一步研究的问题。     

校正源条件下基于双星序列观测量的地面运动目标定位算法及理论性能分析

The method for locating a moving source on earth using a sequence of time difference of arrival(TDOA)and frequency difference of arrival(FDOA)measurements pairs obtained by dual-satellites was presented in the presence of calibration sources with accurate positions.First,the difference calibration(DC)location algorithm aiming to the mobile target was derived,and its theoretical performance was also analytically derived.The result demonstrates that the DC localization variance could not reach the CRB,although it could eliminate the location bias produced by the position and velocity errors of the dual-satellites.For this reason,a two-step optimal association location algorithm was proposed,and its theoretical performance was proved to be equal to the CRB.Finally,a variety of numerical experiments are performed to corroborate the superiority of the geolocation algorithms and the effectiveness of the performance analysis.     

Audio-Visual Underdetermined Blind Source Separation Algorithm Based on Gaussian Potential Function

Most existing algorithms for the underdetermined blind source separation （UBSS） problem are two-stage algorithm, i.e., mixing parameters estimation and sources estimation. In the mixing parameters estimation, the previously proposed traditional clustering algorithms are sensitive to the initializations of the mixing parameters. To reduce the sensitiveness to the initialization, we propose a new algorithm for the UBSS problem based on anechoic speech mixtures by employing the visual information, i.e., the interaural time difference （ITD） and the interaural level difference （ILD）, as the initializations of the mixing parameters. In our algorithm, the video signals are utilized to estimate the distances between microphones and sources, and then the estimations of the ITD and ILD can be obtained. With the sparsity assumption in the time-frequency domain, the Gaussian potential function algorithm is utilized to estimate the mixing parameters by using the ITDs and ILDs as the initializations of the mixing parameters. And the time-frequency masking is used to recover the sources by evaluating the various ITDs and ILDs. Experimental results demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the baseline algorithms.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的接收信号强度指示差值定位算法

针对频谱监测系统中被监测信号无法控制并且没有任何先验知识,只能通过对信号被动监测,即接收与处理信号来估计信号源位置的要求,该文提出一种基于接收信号强度指示差值(RSSID)的定位算法,并利用卡尔曼滤波提高其定位精度。该文将两监测站之间的RSSID转换成信号源到两监测站的距离之比,根据距离之比构造定位方程矩阵,进而利用最小二乘法求取信号源位置。仿真结果表明:所提算法比经典RSSI定位算法性能更优,降低了环境因素对定位精度的影响,并且能更好地满足参数较少的定位服务需求,可以有效地应用于频谱监测系统中。同时,卡尔曼滤波可以有效改善系统的定位精度,达到预期的定位效果。     

基于双星TDOA和主星DOA的空中动目标联合定位技术

现有基于星载的空中动目标定位方法工程实现复杂度与代价过大,本文提出了一种应用于空中动目标定位的新型双星定位技术,联合双星到达时差信息（TDOA）和主星来波方向信息（DOA）可以获得目标的三维定位.通过矢量求解方法,建立了空中动目标定位的数学模型.同时,在考虑多种误差因素的前提下,建立了用于Monte Carlo分析的定位误差模型.最后,以空间站及其辅星作为应用场景进行了算例仿真.结果表明该技术能够实现空中动目标的地面航迹和三维位置的精确估计,可应用于空间站与卫星联合的空中动目标联合定位系统.     

Localization of Narrowband Radio Emitters Based on Doppler Frequency Shifts

Several techniques for emitter localization based on the Doppler effect have been described in the literature. One example is the differential Doppler (DD) method in which the signal of a stationary emitter is intercepted by at least two moving receivers. The frequency difference between the receivers is measured at several locations along their trajectories and the emitter's position is then estimated based on these measurements. This two-step approach is suboptimal since each frequency difference measurement is performed independently, although all measurements correspond to a common emitter position. Instead, a single-step approach based on the maximum likelihood criterion is proposed here for both known and unknown waveforms. The position is determined directly from all the observations by a search in the position space. The method can only be used for narrowband signals, that is, under the assumption that the signal bandwidth must be small compared to the inverse of the propagation time between the receivers. Simulations show that the proposed method outperforms the DD method for weak signals while both methods converge to the CramÉr–Rao bound for strong known signals. Finally, it is shown that in some cases of interest the proposed method inherently selects reliable observations while ignoring unreliable data.      

Passive Localization of Signal Source Based on UAVs in Complex Environment

For the influence caused by multipath fading and non-line-of-sight(NLOS)transmission,it is challenging to accurately localize a moving signal source in complex environment by using the wireless sensor network(WSN)on the ground.In this paper,we establish a special WSN in the sky to address this challenge,where each sensor is loaded on an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and the operation center of all the UAVs is fixed on the ground.Based on the analyzing of the optimal distribution and the position error calibration of all the sensors,we formulate the localization scheme to estimate the position of the target source,which combines the time difference of arrival(TDOA)method and the frequency difference of arrival(FDOA)method.Then by employing the semidefinite programming approach,we accurately obtain the position and velocity of the signal source.In the simulation,the validity of the proposed method is verified through the performance comparison.