Novel IGBT SPICE Model with Non-destructive Parameter Extraction and Comparison with Measurements

A subcircuit-based model for the insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT) is proposed and optimized. The IGBT wide base conductivity modulated resistor is effectively equivalent by using a voltage controlled resistor. Based on analytical equation describing the semiconductor physics, the model parameters are extracted accurately via measured data without device destruction. Employing the MOS-level-8 SPICE model, the proposed IGBT subcircuit model gives more simulation accuracy and easy convergence, the simulation results are verified by comparison with measured results.     

Optimization Design of Superluminescent Diodes with RWGStructure for High Efficiency Coupling with SMFs

为了提高脊波导结构的超辐射二极管（SLD）与单模光纤的耦合功率，研究了有源区与脊之间的残留层和上光限制层的厚度对SLD输出功率和近场光斑的影响. 考虑了注入载流子横向分布的不均匀，较准确地计算了模式增益. 结果表明，通过对残留层和上光限制层厚度的优化，可以有效提高SLD与单模光纤的耦合功率.     

劲爆游戏play with wireless

几乎每一台手机里都装有游戏，但是大部分的手机用户都不把游戏当回事。“不过是解解闷的小玩意儿而已”。事实上，包括手机游戏在内的无线游戏市场正在受到业界的强烈瞩目，手机游戏平台Java游戏和Brew游戏被越来越多的人接受，这还只是实现了游戏内容的无线下载，并不是真正的无线游戏。在传统的游戏市场上，网络游戏已经开始替代单机游戏成为主流，下一次的浪潮，将肯定是游戏的无线化。     

欢乐影音Entertainment with Wireless

25年前，Sony WALKMAN的诞生使得个人便携式影音娱乐产品流行至今。今天．MP3随身听、MD、便携式DVD播放机、MP3手机，带影音播放功能的PDA等产品种类和数量都空前丰富．蔚为壮观，而在无线领域，无线广播和电视从二十世纪开始改变了人类的整个文化生态。哪怕是在今天，手机厂商们仍旧争先恐后地为手机加上收音机功能．并当作激动人心的卖点加以宣传，1928年，英国科学家贝亚德将影片从英国     

Multi-digital Still Cameras with CCD

Digital still camera is a completely typical tool for capturing the digital images. With the development of IC technology and optimization-algorithm, the performance of digital still cameras（DSCs） will be more and more powerful in the world. But can we obtain the more and better info using the combined information from the multi-digital still camera？ The answer is yes by some experiments. By using multi-DSC at different angles, the various 3-D informations of the object are obtained.     

轻松旅途outgoing with Wireless

在路上、在野外、在风景里……在都市、在陌生的街上、在红绿灯的包围中……这些无线设备会是你最好的帮手和伙伴……     

Fiber-optic Temperature Sensor with Variable-sensitivity

Ｆｉｂｅｒ－ｏｐｔｉｃＴｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅＳｅｎｓｏｒｗｉｔｈＶａｒｉａｂｌｅ－ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ￥ＹＵＡＮＬｉ－Ｂｏ；ＰＡＮＪｉａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＨａｒｂｉｎＳｈｉｐｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉ...     

On the move with RFID

Scanology is an independent automatic identification specialist providing state of the art barcode and RFID solutions to our European customer base. Our knowledge of the present and what is yet to come allows us to provide honest, practical advice to clients transitioning from barcode to RFID. Scanology designs, builds, installs and services end-to-end sup-     

享受工作Working with Wireless

厌倦了千篇一律的办公室格子间?讨厌的网线不知道又是哪里接触不良，全办公室都上不了网?你的老板也在头疼——又要换写字楼了，重新布线划格子分配座位，一大堆扯皮麻烦的事儿正等着他呢。“无线办公”这一正在被越来越多的公司采用的办公室组网方式，一劳永逸地解决了这些问题，并且总体成本更为便宜，维护成本更低，老板轻松，员工也轻松。OK，假设你已经身处无线办公室。有哪些产品能让工作更轻松，更事半功倍呢?     

Synchronize Your Supply Chain with RFID

1 Executive Summary Driving efficiencies throughout your supply chain and increasing the velocity of items through the supply chain from creation to consumer is more than a business mandate today; it's a matter of business survival. If your company doesn't do it, your competition will. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a true next-generation     

Convolution Theorem Associated with the QWFRFT

The quaternion windowed fractional Fourier transform(QWFRFT) is a generalized form of the quaternion fractional Fourier transform(QFRFT), it plays a crucial role in signal processing for the analysis of multidimensional signals. In this paper, we first give the definition of the two-sided QWFRFT and some fundamental properties. Then, the quaternion convolution is proposed, and the relation between the quaternion convolution and the classical convolution is also given. Based on the quaternion con...     

Formation of donors in germanium–silicon alloys implanted with hydrogen ions with different energies

The distributions of hydrogen-containing donors in Ge_1–xSi_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) alloys implanted with hydrogen ions with an energy of 200 and 300 keV and a dose of 1 × 10¹⁵ cm^–2 are studied. It is established that, at the higher ion energy, the limiting donor concentration after postimplantation heat treatment (275°C) is attained within ~30 min and, at the lower energy, within ~320 min. In contrast to donors formed near the surface, a portion of hydrogen-containing donors formed upon the implantation of ions with the higher energy possess the property of bistability. The limiting donor concentration is independent of the ion energy, but decreases from 1.3 × 10¹⁶ to 1.5 × 10¹⁵ cm^–3, as the Si impurity content in the alloy is increased from x = 0.008 to x = 0.062. It is inferred that the observed differences arise from the participation of the surface in the donor formation process, since the surface significantly influences defect-formation processes involving radiation-induced defects, whose generation accompanies implantation.     

Coherent Interaction of Atoms with Lasers

Coherent Interaction of Atoms with Lasers     

Infrared Sensor with Liquid Crystal Chopper

An infrared sensor using the liquid crystal chopper is presented.The infrared sensor is designed to detect infrared rays with a pyroelectric element used as a liquid crystal chopper in such an infrared sensor or the like.     

New Fluoroptic Thermometer with Optical Fiber

A new optical fiber fluoroptic thermometer based on the temperature-fluoroptic characteristic of fluoroptic materials is presented.The ratio technique of intensities of fluorescent emission lines of certain rare earth phosphors is used,making the measurement of temperatures of the system to 0.5℃ precision.The characteristics of thermometer are discussed and the experiment results of temperature are given.     

Aggregate Scheduling with Statistical Service Guarantees

1IntroductionAggregate scheduling in Differentiated Service(Diff-Serv) architecture , where core routers perform flowsaggregation operations can efficiently solve the scalabili-ty problemincurred in Integrated Service(IntServ) ar-chitecture .Compared with deterministic Quality of Ser-vice( QoS) guarantees in IntServ,statistical service inDiffServ significantlyincreases the efficiency of networkusage by allowingstatistical multiplexing of traffic .Sta-tistical services significantly incre…     

A low power passive-active ΔΣ modulator with high-resolution employing an integrator with open-loop unity-gain buffer

This paper presents a new passive-active ΔΣ modulator with high-resolution and low-power applications. An open-loop unity gain buffer is used to improve the performance of a passive switch capacitor integrator. Since this technique compensates phase and gain errors, there is no need for large capacitors, which result in a great reduction in the chip footprint. The first filter is passive, so the output swing of the amplifier is small but large enough to guarantee the linearity and a relaxed slew rate in the modulator structure, which leads to the low power. Using the second-order modulator with an adequate oversampling ratio leads to the desired SNR. The post-layout simulation of the second-order passive-active modulator is performed in Spectre/Cadence electrical simulator using TSMC 0.18 CMOS model in the standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. The dynamic range of 92.4 dB, peak signal to noise ratio of 88.6 dB, peak signal to noise plus distortions of 82.7 dB were achieved while consuming 1.93 μw in a 500 Hz signal bandwidth at 1.5 V supply, giving a FoM_Walden of 0.173 pJ/ conv-step and the FoM_Schreier is 176.53 dB.     

A Fractional-N CMOS DPLL with Self-Calibration

A digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) based on a new digital phase-frequency detector is presented.The self-calibration technique is employed to acquire wide lock range,low jitter,and fast acquisition.The DPLL works from 60 to 600MHz at a supply voltage of 1.8V.It also features a fractional-N synthesizer with digital 2nd-order sigma-delta noise shaping,which can achieve a short lock time,a high frequency resolution,and an improved phase-noise spectrum.The DPLL has been implemented in SMIC 0.18μm 1.8V 1P6M CMOS technology.The peak-to-peak jitter is less than 0.8% of the output clock period and the lock time is less than 150 times of the reference clock period after the pre-divider.     

Modified Solid Electrolyte Interphases with Alkali Chloride Additives for Aluminum–Sulfur Batteries with Enhanced Cyclability

Aluminum–sulfur batteries employing high-capacity and low-cost electrode materials, as well as non-flammable electrolytes, are promising energy storage devices. However, the fast capacity fading due to the shuttle effect of polysulfides limits their further application. Herein, alkaline chlorides, for example, LiCl, NaCl, and KCl are proposed as electrolyte additives for promoting the cyclability of aluminum–sulfur batteries. Using NaCl as a model additive, it is demonstrated that its addition leads to the formation of a thicker, Na_xAl_yO₂-containing solid electrolyte interphase on the aluminum metal anode (AMA) reducing the deposition of polysulfides. As a result, a specific discharge capacity of 473 mAh g⁻¹ is delivered in an aluminum–sulfur battery with NaCl-containing electrolyte after 50 dis-/charge cycles at 100 mA g⁻¹. In contrast, the additive-free electrolyte only leads to a specific capacity of 313 mAh g⁻¹ after 50 cycles under the same conditions. A similar result is also observed with LiCl and KCl additives. When a KCl-containing electrolyte is employed, the capacity increases to 496 mA h g⁻¹ can be achieved after 100 cycles at 50 mA g⁻¹. The proposed additive strategy and the insight into the solid electrolyte interphase are beneficial for the further development of long-life aluminum–sulfur batteries.