不同气氛下TiO2纳米晶的光催化性能研究

以甲基橙的光催化降解为探针反应,从表观降解率和TOC去除率两个指标评价了纳米TiO2样品在不同焙烧温度和反应气氛下的光催化活性.结果表明,400℃焙烧的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米粒子的晶粒尺寸为11.69nm,在光催化降解甲基橙的实验中表现出最佳的光催化活性.光催化反应进行20min后对甲基橙的表现降解率达98.99%,反应进行30min后对甲基橙水溶液TOC的去除率为79.36%,TOC的去除效果滞后于色度的去除.不通空气时,样品对甲基橙的降解率最差,降解速率明显滞后于通空气和O2的情况,且通O2的降解效果更好.     

简单有效氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶的制备、表征及其可见光活性

以尿素为氮源,采用简单的酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂TiO2纳米光催化剂,以甲基橙在可见光照射下的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化活性。运用XRD、XPS和UV-Vis DRS光谱表征技术考察了氮掺杂TiO2样品的微晶尺寸、晶相结构、表面组成及其吸光特性。结果表明氮掺杂减小了TiO2的带能隙,氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶对400～530nm的可见光有较强的吸收,在降解甲基橙的实验中表现出良好的可见光催化活性。其中,400℃焙烧制得的具有单一锐钛矿相型,晶粒尺寸为14.94nm的TiO1.9904N0.0096样品的可见光催化活性最佳。     

控制中和水解法制备纳米TiO2及其光催化性能的研究

用四氯化钛为原料,氨水为水解沉淀剂,采用控制中和水解的方法制备出了锐钛矿型纳米TiO2粉体.采用XRD和TEM手段对产品进行了表征分析,考察了中和水解过程中pH值、温度和浓度因素的影响.结果表明,pH值是影响产品前驱体组成的重要因素,当控制pH值在2～4的酸性条件下反应时,能得到团聚少的含有一定晶型的H2 TiO3前驱体,易于分离,收率可达97%以上,前驱体在600～800℃焙烧2h得到的是单一相锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶,平均粒径为15nm左右,高温焙烧时粒径生长缓慢,表现出很好的热稳定性.以甲基橙为目标降解物,测试了纳米TiO2样品的光催化性能.光催化降解反应60min时,甲基橙的去除率可达95.5%.     

Ce/ TiO2纳米复合粉体的制备及其性能评价

以锐钛矿型纳米TiO2和硫酸铈为主要原料，采用浸渍法制备了Ce／TiO2纳米复合材料。采用滴定法研究TiO2对Ce^4＋的吸附，结果表明，在pH值为2-7的范围内TiO2对铈离子的吸附量接近100％。采用X射线衍射（XRD）进行物相结构分析，发现在700℃下焙烧仍保持锐钛型结构，而在800℃下焙烧出现了金红石型TiO2和CeO2，说明铈离子的存在减缓了TiO2的晶型转变。最后以甲基橙为目标降解物评价了Ce^4＋／TiO2复合粉体的光催化反应活性。     

复合模板剂下制得介孔TiO2光催化活性的研究

以吐温-80（Tween-80）和司班-80（Span-80）为复合模板剂，采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）工艺制得介孔TiO2。通过对甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解试验表明：模板剂的种类与用量、光照距离和甲基橙溶液的原始浓度等因素对所制得介孔TiO2试样的光催化活性产生明显的影响。实验结果证明，本研究所得介孔TiO2材料具有较高的光催化活性，500℃下煅烧5h制备的样品在2．5h内可使浓度为0．02g／L的甲基橙溶液降解率达到94．7％，明显高于市售纳米TiO2粉体的降解率78．1％；通过X-ray衍射分析获知所制TiO2为锐钛矿型。     

离子液体介质中纳米TiO2的制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯（TBOT）为钛源,聚乙二醇为分散剂,离子液体[Bmim]BF4为反应介质,不经高温煅烧,直接低温水热合成纳米二氧化钛粉。采用XRD方法研究了[Bmin]BF4浓度对TiO2粉的相组成和颗粒尺寸的影响,并研究了其对甲基橙光催化降解的性能。结果表明,纳米TiO2,具有锐钛矿相结构且无有机残留。水热温度为100℃以及[Bmim]BF,／TBOT的体积比为0．5条件下合成的锐钛矿相纳米TiO2颗粒尺寸约为14nm,且有高的光催化降解甲基橙的能力,降解率为54．3％。     

钛酸酯前驱体制备纳米TiO2块体的研究

以四氯化钛、甘油与六次甲基四胺为原料发泡制得钛酸酯发泡前驱物,后者经高温热分解制得了纳米TiO2 块体;使用FT IR、TG DTA、XRD、SEM等对发泡前驱物和纳米 TiO2 块体进行了表征并初步考察了纳米TiO2 块体的光催化活性。结果表明:钛酸酯发泡前驱物在 450℃马弗炉中焙烧 2. 0h 得 TiO2 块体,为纯锐钛矿相纳米结构,块体由 200nm 左右的二级粒子堆积构成,二级粒子由粒径为 16nm 左右的基本粒子构成;550℃以后所得 TiO2 块体含不同比例的金红石相;纯锐钛矿相纳米结构块体具有较高的光催化活性,且易于沉降或过滤回收。     

TiO_2纳米管的制备及光催化降解亚甲基蓝研究

以TiO2和NaOH为原料,采用水热法制备了TiO2纳米管(titania nanotube,简称TNT),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、BET比表面积测定等手段对其结构和性质进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝(methylene blue,简称MB)为模型反应物,考察了TiO2纳米管光催化降解MB的效果.研究结果表明,TiO2纳米管是在酸交换后形成的,400℃焙烧时,TiO2纳米管中出现锐钛矿相;制备的TiO2纳米管可有效地降解MB,TiO2纳米管光催化降解MB的效率与其锐钛矿相的含量有关.     

磁性纳米TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4光催化剂的制备及表征

以纳米Fe3O4磁粉为核心，采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了TiO2／SiO2／Fe3O4复合光催化剂．用XRD、TEM及元素分析对其结构和表面形貌进行了表征．以具有偶氮染料结构的甲基橙水溶液为目标反应物，评价其光催化活性．结果表明，所制TiO2／SiO2／FeaO4样品为双层包覆型结构，SiO2为中间层，最外层是锐钛矿型的TiO2,该复合光催化剂对甲基橙溶液有较高的光催化活性，并具有可利用其磁性回收重用的特点，应用前景广泛。     

微波化学合成法制备氮掺杂TiO2光催化剂的研究

利用微波化学合成法制备了具有高活性的可见光响应氮掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂.采用XRD、XPS、UV-vis等手段对样品的性能进行了表征分析,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了催化剂在普通日光灯照射下的光催化活性.结果表明,所制备的N-TiO2粉体在400℃、450℃、500℃、550℃热处理4h后仍为锐钛矿相;光催化剂中的N以共价键的形式存在于TiO2晶格中;样品的吸收阈值波长可红移至500nm左右;当煅烧温度为400℃时,样品表现出较好的光催化活性.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.