一种低功耗CPU卡的设计

地址总线的功耗是整个CPU卡电路系统功耗的重要来源.降低地址总线上的翻转率可以有效降低整个系统的功耗.文章在分析CMOS电路功耗和几种总线编码的基础上,提出了一种改进的T0-BI编码,并将此种编码应用于CPU卡用芯片的设计.结果表明,采用此种编码可以有效地降低CPU卡电路的功耗.     

基于短循环程序特征的多模式低功耗编码算法

提出了一种通过跳转地址与循环首地址的比较确定跳转时刻地址数据编码方式的低功耗编码算法。对于循环程序跳转,仍保持原传送地址;对于非循环的程序跳转,传送真实地址,并更新首地址寄存器。通过FFT算法程序对新算法、T0算法及T0-C算法进行了分析比较,结果表明新型算法更有效地降低了程序地址总线信号的翻转几率,从而降低动态功耗。实现了程序地址总线的编解码电路,并应用于16位定点DSPIP核设计,使程序地址总线功耗降低了76.4%。     

零翻转编码地址总线SoC低功耗设计

本文分析了SoC设计中大电容负载的地址总线低功耗设计方法。利用地址总线零翻转编码和解码技术，有效地减少了SoC地址总线活动，降低了SoC芯片和系统的功耗。同时，应用于实际的SoC设计中，验证了它的功能和适用范围。     

具有优异功耗性能比的DSP

随着通信产品的不断升级,人们对DSP技术的要求也越来越高。开发人员需要功耗更低、性能更高的DSP来满足其设计。TI公司的TMS320C5510正是针对这一需求而推出的DSP。C5510是第一个采用TMS320C55x DSP芯核的产品,利用双MAC结构,配备一个32位指令总线,三个16位数据读总线,两个16位数据写总线和五个24位地址总线。其内部的两个MAC单元采用并行操作,每个单元可在单周期内同步完成17x17位乘法运算。这样,C5510可更快地执行指令,并迅速返回到待机或下电状态,从而改进性能,并降低芯片的整体功耗。C5510沿用了C54x DSP的高代…     

改进的SPIHT算法

SPIHT算法是一种高效的嵌入式的零树编码算法,然而,它需要大量的内存空间,不利于DSP或VLSI的实现。LZC算法可以极大地降低编解码器的内存需求,但同时也降低了编解码器的性能。该文利用LZC算法的思想,改进了原来的SPIHT算法,使得在仅仅在LZC算法的内存需求基础上,达到SPIHT算法的性能要求。同时又提出了一种近似搜索算法来提高编码器的速度。     

一种数据Cache的设计和验证

Cache能够提高DSP处理器对外部存储器的存取速度,提高DSP的性能,设计高性能低功耗的Cache,对于提高DSP芯片的整体性能有着十分重大的意义。描述了DSP芯片中一种高性能低功耗的数据Cache。这种Cache可以通过增加具备重装功能的Line Buffer来减少处理器对Cache的访问频率,从而降低Cache功耗。通过FFT、AC3、FIR三种基准程序测试表明,Line Buffer可以降低35%的Cache访问频率,明显降低了数据Cache功耗。     

基于Load重用的低功耗数据Cache设计

针对嵌入式处理器中数据Cache功耗显著的特点,提出了一种基于Load重用的低功耗数据Cache设计方法.通过保存Load指令从数据Cache中取回的数据,实现了随后Load指令对该数据的重新使用,从而减少了数据Cache的访问次数,有效降低了数据Cache的功耗.在SuperV_EF01DSP上的实验结果显示,采用该方法后,在处理器性能没有损失的情况下,数据Cache功耗平均降低29.48%,面积仅增加0.64%.     

DSP与24 bit音频编解码器接口设计

从软件和硬件两个方面设计了一种简单、实用的24bit音频编解码器AD1836与DSP之间的接口电路。该方法中AD1836与DSP串行口直接相连,不需占用并行数据总线,避免总线冲突。     

一种DSP指令Cache的功耗优化策略

高性能DSP器件对功耗指标要求越来越高,功耗主要来源于对存储空间的访问,因此提出了一种改进型Cache功耗优化策略,实现了对指令Cache的分阶段访问,同时兼顾了Cache的动态功耗和静态漏流功耗的优化,改进了传统的基于非分阶段访问的按需唤醒策略NPOWP(Non-Phased Cache with On-Demand Wakeup Prediction)显著影响处理器性能的缺点。设计应用于DSP设计的4路组相连昏睡指令Cache中,使用基于分阶段访问的按需唤醒策略POWP(Phased Cache with On-Demand Wakeup Prediction)策略平均可降低75.4%的指令Cache功耗,降低6.7%的处理器总功耗,性能损失仅为0.77%.     

DSP+FPGA折反射全景视频处理系统中双核高速数据通信

对于嵌入式折反射全景视频处理系统,由于计算量大,一般采用多处理器协同的结构,但在该结构下多个处理器之间需要进行高速的数据通信。该文提出一种基于DSP+FPGA架构的双核高速数据通信方法,该方法通过基于地址总线的控制指令编码解析方法协同双核工作,通过逆向波形分析和基于乒乓缓存的间接DMA通信方式,实现DSP与FPGA之间的双核DMA数据通信。实验结果表明,使用上述方法实现的DSP与FPGA之间数据通信速度高达585 MBps。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks