快速凝固Al－Fe－Ti－C合金的显微结构及退火过程中的相变SCIEI

研究了快速凝固Ａｌ－Ｆｅ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ合金的显微结构及退火过程中的相变。初始快凝态组织由α－Ａｌ微胞晶组成，在胞晶边界分布着较大并拉长的非晶相；在胞晶内部则为细小弥散的球状亚稳Ａｌ_６Ｒｅ相（底心正交结构），Ｔｉ和Ｃ全部过饱和固溶于α－Ａｌ中。当７７３Ｋ退火５ｈ时，非晶相转变为α_Ｔ－ＡｌＦｅＳｉ相（斜方结构），Ａｌ_６Ｆｅ相部分转变为片状Ａｌ_３Ｆｅ相（底心单斜结构），部分长大但仍保持球状和底心正方结构过饱和固溶于α－Ａｌ基体中的Ｔｉ和Ｃ则以ＴｉＣ形式弥散析出。     

快速凝固Al—20Si—5Fe合金的退火组织变化

利用ＸＲＤ、ＤＳＣ以及ＴＥＭ方法研究了快速凝固Ａｌ－２０Ｓｉ－５Ｆｅ合金退火态的微观组织、弥散相结构和相转变。结果表明,快凝Ａｌ－２０Ｓｉ－５Ｆｅ合金组织中存在两种弥散相,δ－Ａｌ４ＦｅＳｉ２和初生Ｓｉ相,退火温度低于３１０℃时,δ－Ａｌ４ＦｅＳｉ２相未明显粗化;当退火温度高于３１０℃时,亚稳相δ－Ａｌ４ＦｅＳｉ２转变成稳定相β－Ａｌ５ＦｅＳｉ,β－Ａｌ５ＦｅＳｉ相随退火温度的提高而明显粗化。高温     

Ti—Fe机械合金化中氢致非晶化的研究

研究了氢原子对Ｔｉ－Ｆｅ系机械合金化的影响,应用 ＸＲＤ,ＤＳＣ,ＴＥＭ等方法测试了Ｔｉ－Ｆｅ系和Ｔｉ－Ｆｅ－ＴｉＨ２系的机械合金化反应过程和产物结构的特征。研究结果表明,氢原子在机械合金化过程中诱导非晶ＴｉＦｅ相的形成,由于氢原子的影响,非晶ＴｉＦｅ相的结构弛豫温度和晶化温度低于机械合金化得到的非晶ＴｉＦｅ相相应的温度。     

Ti－1023合金拉伸试验的电镜原位观察

用扫描电镜和透射电镜原位观测了Ｔｉ－１０Ｖ－２Ｆｅ－３Ａｌ合金经固溶处理获得亚稳定β相后在拉伸过程中α″相的形成、长大及裂纹的萌生与扩展，以及最终断裂过程．并采用ＤＩＣ金相方法方便地区分滑移线和α″相．     

退火Fe_（73．5）Cu_1Mo_3Si_（14．5）B_8合金中α－Fe（S

用ＸＲＤ法研究了退火Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ１４．５Ｂ８合金中α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶化相的有序化过程，结果表明，Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ１４．５Ｂ８非晶合金经４６０℃×１ｈ退火后，α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶化相是具有ＤＯ３结构的有序相，有序畴为球形，直径为６．１ｎｍ，它随退火温度的升高而长大，在５６０℃退火后达１４．０ｎｍ，与α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶粒的尺寸相当。此时，α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）的有序度为０．７８。８００℃×１ｈ退火后，α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）的ＤＯ８超点阵线条消失。     

快速凝固Al－8．32Fe－3．4Ce合金中弥散合金相的TEM测定

用常规电子显微术及ＥＤＡＸ能谱分析方法，对压制的快速凝固Ａｌ－８．３２Ｆｅ－３．４Ｃｅ合金热暴露过程中存在的弥散合金相进行了测定，确定出一种新相属于三角晶系，点阵常数为ａ＝１．ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．７ｎｍ（用六角点阵表示），ＥＤＡＸ能谱定量分析表明此相相组成约为Ａｌ_８Ｃｅ。     

快速凝固二元Al－Cr合金的退火组织及显微硬度

研究了快速凝固Ａｌ－Ｃｒ合金的微观组织及显微硬度，确定了α－Ａｌ过饱和固溶体在退火过程中沉淀析出相为θ－Ａｌ７Ｃｒ，析出开始温度取决于过饱和度和沉淀位置．     

碳和钇对Fe－Cr－Al合金500℃时效脆化的影响

测定了Ｆｅ－１５Ｃｒ－４Ａｌ合金在５００℃的时效脆化动力学，利用内耗，ＴＥＭ，ＥＰＭＡ和ＳＥＭ等手段研究了合金在时效后的组织变化和断裂行为．结果表明，时效脆化第一阶段（０－１００ｈ）主要是碳化物在α相晶界析出的作用，它损害界面结合，降低断裂应力，使塑性在时效０．２５ｈ后消失；第二阶段（１００－１０００ｈ）主要是富Ｃｒ－α＇相均匀析出的作用，它通过强化基体引起二次脆化．含０．２和０．４％Ｙ的Ｆｅ－１５Ｃｒ－４Ａｌ－Ｙ合金在固溶态下无Ｓｎｏｅｋ内耗峰，碳在α相中的浓度低于０．０００７％，这是碳原子被Ｙ_２Ｆｅ_（１７）相俘获的结果．因此，含钇合金在５００℃时效时不发生晶界碳化物析出，时效１０００ｈ后塑性无明显变化．     

Fe－Dy非晶膜晶化过程中结构及磁性变化

用真空双源蒸镀法在ＮａＣｌ和Ｓｉ单晶衬底上制备Ｆｅ，Ｄｙ成分调制多层膜．研究了非晶膜晶化过程，等温退火后多层膜结构及磁性变化。结果表明，在２００℃以下退火，其沉积态非晶和成分调制结构几乎不变；３００℃开始晶化，首先出现Ｆｅ晶核，随温度升高，Ｆｅ，Ｄｙ逐步晶化，６００℃全部形成晶态ｂｃｃ－Ｆｅ和ｈｃｐ－Ｄｙ．饱和磁化强度Ｍｓ对非晶Ｆｅ，Ｄｙ膜晶化时Ｆｅ晶核的形成十分散感，而只有Ｆｅ晶粒的长大才导致矫顽力Ｈｃ增加．     

STUDY ON α/γ PHASE EQUILIBRIUM IN Ti-Al-Cr-Fe QUARTERNARY SYSTEM

设计了一种简单的扩散偶,用扩散偶－电子探针法,测定了１２００和１２５０℃Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｃｅ－Ｆｅ四元系中Ｘｃｒ≤４％和ＸＦｅ≤１％范围内的α／γ相平衡关系和相平衡成分,绘出了四元系的局部等温正方形,结果表明,在Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｃｒ－Ｆｅ四元系中,Ｃｒ有提高Ｆｅ在α相中的溶解度的作用,Ｆｅ亦有提高Ｃｒ在α相中的溶解度的趋势。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.