攀枝花产海绵钛氢化脱氢动力学

通过压力组成等温曲线测试仪(PCT)测试了工业海绵钛在400~600℃温度下的吸放氢特性。应用反应速率分析方法计算了实验温度下的反应速率常数,并通过阿伦尼乌斯方程计算出实验条件下海绵钛吸放氢表观活化能。经过完全活化后,海绵钛吸氢表观活化能为(34.42±0.02)kJ/mol,氢化钛粉的脱氢表观活化能为(29.93±0.01)kJ/mol。这个结果表明,氢原子在金属相间的扩散速率是控制海绵钛氢化与脱氢反应的主要因素。     

改性聚氨酯防水材料的流变性能

利用RS150型平板流变仪测试了改性聚氨酯防水材料的表观黏度、粘流活化能、非牛顿指数等流变参数,讨论了剪切速率、剪切应力和温度等对改性聚氨酯防水材料表观黏度的影响。实验结果表明,改性聚氨酯防水涂料的表观黏度随温度的升高而降低;在实验温度范围中,改性聚氨酯防水材料的表观黏度随剪切速率和剪切应力的增大而降低,其非牛顿指数n小于1,并且随着温度升高而增大,表明改性聚氨酯防水材料为假塑性流体;其粘流活化能E0为19.73 kJ/mol。     

玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料热解特性研究

采用热重-差热分析仪研究玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在空气及氮气氛围下不同升温速率的热解特性规律。结果表明,在空气气氛下,热解分为两个阶段;氮气气氛下,热解只存在一个热分解阶段,与空气气氛相比热解初始分解温度较高,热解温度范围变窄,失重速率明显变大。在两种气氛下,玻璃纤维均不参与热解。随着升温速率的增加,热解反应各阶段的起始温度、终止温度、最大失重速率温度均向高温方向移动,热解温度范围大小都基本保持不变。氮气气氛下使用Kissinger法、FWO法和Starink法计算出玻璃纤维环氧树脂的平均表观活化能分别为106.42、123.09和119.48kJ/mol。复合材料活化能随转化率的增加而升高,表观活化能保持在一定数值范围内且数值相近,热解反应比较稳定,具有较低A值,表明其具有较强的热稳定性。     

三种耐热剂对全氟聚醚橡胶材料耐热性能的影响

研究了碳纳米管(CNTs)、有机蒙脱土(OMMT)、Fe_2O_3对全氟聚醚(PFPE)橡胶力学性能、压缩永久变形、热稳定性及耐热空气老化性能的影响;采用热分解动力学模型分析了未添加耐热剂的PFPE橡胶的热降解机制。结果表明:CNTs、OMMT、Fe_2O_3均能提高PFPE橡胶基体的热稳定性,其中,CNTs/PFPE橡胶复合材料起始热失重温度及失重5%时的温度相比未添加耐热剂的PFPE橡胶分别提高了32.1℃和29.0℃;Fe_2O_3能明显稳定PFPE橡胶基体在200℃热空气条件下老化72h后的性能。在空气及N_2气氛下,随着升温速率的提高,未添加耐热剂的PFPE橡胶的热失重曲线均向高温方向移动。根据Kissinger方程,计算出PFPE橡胶基体在空气气氛下的热解活化能为135.06kJ/mol,在N_2气氛下的热解活化能为262.46kJ/mol。     

高速列车车厢用减振降噪材料的热解及燃烧特性研究

使用热重-差热分析仪研究氮气气氛中、不同升温速率下高速列车车厢用减振降噪的红磷阻燃丁基橡胶(RP/IIR)复合材料和氢氧化铝阻燃丁基橡胶(ATH/IIR)复合材料的热解特性，采用Kissinger法获得热解动力学参数；使用锥形量热仪研究不同热辐射强度下两种材料的燃烧特性，采用轰燃倾向指数、放热指数和发烟指数评价潜在火灾危险性。结果表明：两种材料的热解反应均为3个阶段，ATH/IIR复合材料的初始分解温度、终止分解温度、最大失重速率温度、残余量、平均表观活化能均高于RP/IIR复合材料的相应值，而质量损失率、热释放速率、产烟速率均小于RP/IIR复合材料的相应值，3个评价指数也一致较低。综合对比，ATH/IIR复合材料具有更好的热稳定性和更小的潜在火灾危险性。     

基于基斯勒尔法中间相沥青的流变性质（英文）

用基斯勒尔法研究了热处理前后(室温~520℃)相沥青的流变性质。结果表明:在不同温度和不同加热速率下,基斯勒尔流动度具有很好的重现性。未经热处理的中间相沥青的流动度在253~282℃之间随温度增加缓慢增加,在282~311℃随温度增加呈现指数增大,在282~498℃几乎不变。热处理的沥青的流动度也随温度增加呈现类似的S型的变化规律,其中指数增加段可以用阿伦尼乌斯公式计算其粘流活化能。沥青的甲苯不溶物含量随热处理时间增大从67.3%增大到88.7%,粘流活化能为203.6~294 k J/mol。     

原位聚合制备玻璃纤维/PCBT复合材料及其性能研究

采用环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)原位聚合制备了玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)复合材料。研究了聚合温度及催化剂用量对PCBT粘均分子量、结晶度以及GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着聚合温度的升高,PCBT的粘均分子量及结晶度逐渐增大并趋于稳定,GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能也不断增大;当聚合温度为210℃时,PCBT的粘均分子量为7.16×104 g/mol,结晶度为43.9%,GF/PCBT复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度分别为(271.44±3.40)和(257.70±3.73)MPa。随着催化剂用量的增大,PCBT的粘均分子量和结晶度逐渐增大并趋于稳定,复合材料力学性能不断增强;当催化剂用量为0.4%(质量分数)时,PCBT的粘均分子量为7.13×104 g/mol,结晶度为44.4%,GF/PCBT复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度分别为(265.10±3.31)和(260.30±2.03)MPa。     

聚碳硅烷熔体的稳态流变性能

采用自制装置对聚碳硅烷(PCS)熔体进行预处理。通过预处理获得三种不同分子量的PCS,并对其进行物理化学和稳态流变性能测试。结果表明,预处理后的PCS其数均分子量为1000 g/mol~1400 g/mol,属低聚物。在温度范围240℃~260℃和剪切速率范围0.001 s-1~10 s-1内有明显的剪切变稀现象。在测试的温度范围内,剪切变稀区的非牛顿指数随温度升高先减小后增大。预处理后的PCS粘流活化能为120 kJ/mol~180 kJ/mol,比一般高聚物的高得多。     

聚苯胺-金复合材料的成膜动力学

采用原位聚合方法,以氯金酸(HAuCl4)为氧化剂,苯胺(ANI)为还原剂,制备聚苯胺-金复合材料膜。用扫描电镜(SEM)表征了复合膜的形貌;并用石英晶体微天平(QCM)实时监测该复合材料的成膜过程,研究了其成膜动力学。结果表明,金粒子的平均粒径为400nm,较均匀地分布在复合膜中;复合膜的增长速率随氯金酸浓度、苯胺浓度和反应温度的升高而增大,得到成膜反应对氧化剂为0.5级,对苯胺为1.5级,并由增长速率与温度的关系计算出成膜过程的活化能为(40.32±0.15)kJ/mol。     

钛吸氢、氘和氚的动力学同位素效应研究

应用反应速率分析方法,在高真空金属系统上测定了钛在恒容体系和550℃～750℃范围内吸收氢、氘和氚的P-t曲线,并由此计算了各自在不同温度的速率常数,得到钛吸氢、氘和氚的表观活化能分别为(55.6±2.4)kJ/mol、(110.2±3.0)kJ/mol和(155.5±3.2)kJ/mol.钛吸氚的表观活化能最高,钛吸氢的表观活化能最低,表现出显著的动力学同位素效应,表明钛吸氚进行氚化反应较氘化和氢化更难于进行.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.