Recognition of handwritten cursive Arabic characters

An automatic off-line character recognition system for handwritten cursive Arabic characters is presented. A robust noise-independent algorithm is developed that yields skeletons that reflect the structural relationships of the character components. The character skeleton is converted to a tree structure suitable for recognition. A set of fuzzy constrained character graph models (FCCGM's), which tolerate large variability in writing, is designed. These models are graphs, with fuzzily labeled arcs used as prototypes for the characters. A set of rules is applied in sequence to match a character tree to an FCCGM. Arabic handwritings of four writers were used in the learning and testing stages. The system proved to be powerful in tolerance to variable writing, speed, and recognition rate     

Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Characters using Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG)

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the process of recognizing printed or handwritten text on paper documents. This paper proposes an OCR system for Arabic characters. In addition to the preprocessing phase, the proposed recognition system consists mainly of three phases. In the first phase, we employ word segmentation to extract characters. In the second phase, Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) are used for feature extraction. The final phase employs Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classifying characters. We have applied the proposed method for the recognition of Jordanian city, town, and village names as a case study, in addition to many other words that offers the characters shapes that are not covered with Jordan cites. The set has carefully been selected to include every Arabic character in its all four forms. To this end, we have built our own dataset consisting of more than 43.000 handwritten Arabic words (30000 used in the training stage and 13000 used in the testing stage). Experimental results showed a great success of our recognition method compared to the state of the art techniques, where we could achieve very high recognition rates exceeding 99%.     

A novel fuzzy approach for handwritten Arabic character recognition

The aim of our work is to present a new method based on structural characteristics and a fuzzy classifier for off-line recognition of handwritten Arabic characters in all their forms (beginning, end, middle and isolated). The proposed method can be integrated in any handwritten Arabic words recognition system based on an explicit segmentation process. First, three preprocessing operations are applied on character images: thinning, contour tracing and connected components detection. These operations extract structural characteristics used to divide the set of characters into five subsets. Next, features are extracted using invariant pseudo-Zernike moments. Classification was done using the Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network, which is very fast in training and supports incremental learning. Five Fuzzy ARTMAP neural networks were employed; each one is designed to recognize one subset of characters. The recognition process is achieved in two steps: in the first one, a clustering method affects characters to one of the five character subsets. In the second one, the pseudo-Zernike features are used by the appropriate Fuzzy ARTMAP classifier to identify the character. Training process and tests were performed on a set of character images manually extracted from the IFN/ENIT database. A height recognition rate was reported.     

A method of recognition of arabic cursive handwriting

In spite of the progress of machine recognition techniques of Latin, Kana, and Chinese characters over the two past decades, the machine recognition of Arabic characters has remained almost untouched. In this correspondence, a structural recognition method of Arabic cursively handwritten words is proposed. In this method, words are first segmented into strokes. Those strokes are then classified using their geometrical and topological properties. Finally, the relative position of the classified strokes are examined, and the strokes are combined in several steps into a string of characters that represents the recognized word. Experimental results on texts handwritten by two persons showed high recognition accuracy.     

On-line handwritten Chinese character recognition via a fuzzy attribute representation

Chinese characters are constructed by strokes according to structural rules. Therefore, the geometric configurations of characters are important features for character recognition. In handwritten characters, stroke shapes and their spatial relations may vary to some extent. The attribute value of a structural identification is then a fuzzy quantity rather than a binary quantity. Recognizing these facts, we propose a fuzzy attribute representation (FAR) to describe the structural features of handwritten Chinese characters for an on-line Chinese character recognition (OLCCR) system. With a FAR. a fuzzy attribute graph for each handwritten character is created, and the character recognition process is thus transformed into a simple graph matching problem. This character representation and our proposed recognition method allow us to relax the constraints on stroke order and stroke connection. The graph model provides a generalized character representation that can easily incorporate newly added characters into an OLCCR system with an automatic learning capability. The fuzzy representation can describe the degree of structural deformation in handwritten characters. The character matching algorithm is designed to tolerate structural deformations to some extent. Therefore, even input characters with deformations can be recognized correctly once the reference dictionary of the recognition system has been trained using a few representative learning samples. Experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于实时样本采集的个性化手写汉字输入系统设计

手写汉字识别是手写汉字输入的基础。目前智能设备中的手写汉字输入法无法根据用户的汉字书写习惯,动态调整识别模型以提升手写汉字的正确识别率。通过对最新深度学习算法及训练模型的研究,提出了一种基于用户手写汉字样本实时采集的个性化手写汉字输入系统的设计方法。该方法将采集用户的手写汉字作为增量样本,通过对服务器端训练生成的手写汉字识别模型的再次训练,使识别模型能够更好地适应该用户的书写习惯,提升手写汉字输入系统的识别率。最后,在该理论方法的基础上,结合新设计的深度残差网络,进行了手写汉字识别的对比实验。实验结果显示,通过引入实时采集样本的再次训练,手写汉字识别模型的识别率有较大幅度的提升,能够更有效的满足用户在智能设备端对手写汉字输入系统的使用需求。     

基于手写体汉字笔画提取重构的识别方法

提出了手写体汉字笔画宽度提取、基于提取出的笔画宽度归一化手写体汉字的方法，给出手写体汉字笔画重构的思想，实现了一种基于手写体汉字笔画提取的汉字重构并最终识别手写体汉字的算法，构建了手写体汉字的识别系统。实验证实，该方法可保证原有笔画特征信息，且能有效地识别手写体汉字。     

Farsi/Arabic handwritten digit recognition using quantum neural networks and bag of visual words method

Handwritten digit recognition has long been a challenging problem in the field of optical character recognition and of great importance in industry. This paper develops a new approach for handwritten digit recognition that uses a small number of patterns for training phase. To improve performance of isolated Farsi/Arabic handwritten digit recognition, we use Bag of Visual Words (BoVW) technique to construct images feature vectors. Each visual word is described by Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) method. For learning feature vectors, Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) classifier is used. Experimental results on a very popular Farsi/Arabic handwritten digit dataset (HODA dataset) show that proposed method can achieve the highest recognition rate compared to other state of the arts methods.     

基于组件合并的手写体汉字串分割

人们对孤立的手写体汉字字符的离线 识别做了大量的研究工作,而走向实用化的进展并不快.除了单字识别率不理想以外,从文本 中正确分割出单个汉字字符也是一个主要难题,因为字符的识别离不开正确分割.利用汉字的 基本结构特征,根据两个组件之间的上下、左右和包围关系,对组件进行合并形成完整的汉字 图像.对整个汉字字符串中组件的宽度和相邻组件的间距进行分析,有助于左右关系组件的合 并.实验结果表明,该方法对手写体汉字字符串具有理想的分割效果.     

联机手写笔画特征抽取的逼近-合并算法

为了对联机手写字符识别的笔画进行精确描述,提出了一种基于字符笔画特征抽取的＂逼近-合并＂算法.该算法分析了字符笔画的多边形逼近,求出偏离度最小的多边形逼近,并对该多边形的边进行合并,抽取出笔画方向码,实现了联机手写字符笔画的更有效合并.该方法应用在联机手写体字符识别实验系统中,其识别率为99.13%.     

一种改进的脱机手写汉字四角特征粗分类方法

将粗分类应用于脱机手写汉字识别中,采用这种多层次分类策略,能有效地改善识别的性能,提高识别精度。本文提出了一种利用四角区域结构特征对手写汉字进行粗分类的方法。在对汉字基本笔画进行分析的基础之上,根据手写汉字形变的特点以及识别算法的要求,定义一组新的笔画单元,并将这些笔画单元与汉字特定区域内的结构进行比对,得到一组4位结构特征编码,以此作为脱机手写汉字粗分类的依据。对GB2312一级字库中的部分手写汉字进行采样和识别实验,结果证明改进的四角结构特征用于粗分类的有效性。     

识别手写汉字的基元模糊关系法

手写汉字中笔划、部件及其位置关系均产生较大变化,这种变化是引起手写汉字特征不稳定的主要因素。为了减小上述不利影响,使手写汉字特征的描述趋于稳定,文章给出了一种基于汉字基元之间的模糊关系识别手写汉字的方法,用汉字基元之间的模糊关系来描述汉字的结构,其优点:一是对汉字基元之间相对位置的变化有较强的适应性,二是不需要对一个汉字中的各个基元在二维平面内进行复杂地排序,汉字的结构可以简化为一个基元模糊关系的集合。     

Online recognition of handwritten Hiragana characters based upon acomplex autoregressive model

An online recognition method for handwritten Hiragana characters is developed based upon a complex AR model. The time delay of the AR model is enlarged so that global attributes of handwritten characters are well incorporated into the model, and a character segmentation technique is developed for performance improvement. A good recognition score has been obtained for two different writers     

Off-line handwritten Korean character recognition based on stroke extraction and representation

In this paper, we propose an off-line recognition method for handwritten Korean characters based on stroke extraction and representation. To recognize handwritten Korean characters, it is required to extract strokes and stroke sequence to describe an input of two-dimensional character as one-dimensional representation. We define 28 primitive strokes to represent characters and introduce 300 stroke separation rules to extract proper strokes from Korean characters. To find a stroke sequence, we use stroke code and stroke relationship between consecutive strokes. The input characters are recognized by using character recognition trees. The proposed method has been tested for the most frequently used 1000 characters by 400 different writers and showed recognition rate of 94.3%.     

基于联合两种特征的手写体维文字符识别

提出一种联合两种特征的手写体维文字符识别算法。该算法对手写体维文字符图像进行实值Gabor能量特征和方向线素网格特征的提取,将实值Gabor滤波器的128维能量特征和方向线素的128维网格特征结合起来,使用KNN分类器对两种特征进行联合分类。对手写体维文字符数据库中的样本分别进行手写体维文字符特征识别和维文字符笔迹特征识别。实验结果表明,和采用一种特征的识别算法比较,进一步提高了手写体维文字符的识别率。该算法也可用于手写体阿拉伯文字符的识别。