水热法制备CdS纳米结构

利用氯化镉(CdC12)、硫脲(CO(NH2)2)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),在水热条件下获得了玉米棒状和花状等不同形貌的CdS纳米结构.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、荧光发光光谱(PL)、紫外可见光分光光度计(UV-vis)对产物进行表征.结果表明:PVP对不同形貌CdS纳米结构的形成起关键作用,随着PVP量的增加,PVP选择性地吸附(102)晶面,抑制了该(102)晶面方向的生长,使产物的形貌由玉米棒状转变为花状;而花状纳米结构的紫外的吸收产生了红移现象,荧光性能无明显变化.     

纤维素/CdS纳米复合材料的声化学制备及其光电性能

以无水氯化镉和硫化钠为原料,微晶纤维素MCC为模板,采用声化学法成功制备MCC/CdS纳米复合材料.用原子力显微镜(AFM),X射线衍射(XRD),荧光光谱(PL)以及光电化学实验对复合材料的结构及性能进行表征.研究表明,粒径为30-70nm的CdS粒子均匀分布于微晶纤维素表面,所得CdS粒子为立方型晶体.PL光谱分析...     

纳米CdS／聚（苯胺-邻氨基苯甲酸）复合薄膜的制备及表征

以苯胺和邻氨基苯甲酸为单体共聚而成的聚（苯胺-邻氨基苯甲酸）（PAOAA）为基体，制备了纳米CdS／PAOAA复合薄膜。纳米CdS粒子大小均匀，粒径分布窄，较稳定地存在于基体中，且随着硫化时间的延长粒径尺寸有所增加。荧光光谱表明纳米CdS／PAOAA复合薄膜的发光由CdS纳米粒子和PAOAA共同作用产生，在430nm和520nm附近出现了两大发光峰；CdS粒径的增加导致电子-空穴对在CdS内复合增大，表现为纳米CdS的荧光特征峰增强而PAOAA的荧光特征峰减弱。     

纳米CdS/聚(苯胺-邻氨基苯甲酸)复合薄膜的荧光性能研究

以聚(苯胺-邻氨基苯甲酸)(PAOAA)为基体,采用原位生成法制备的纳米CdS/PAOAA复合薄膜中,纳米CdS粒子大小均匀,粒径分布窄.对其荧光分析表明,纳米CdS/PAOAA复合薄膜的发光由CdS纳米粒子和PAOAA共同作用产生,在430nm和520nm附近出现了两大发光峰;硫化时间为5h的薄膜表现出的CdS的荧光特征峰与硫化3h的相比,有所增强,而PAOAA的荧光特征峰减弱.     

纳米CdS/聚丙烯酸酯复合材料的制备

以自制的高固体分热固性丙烯酸树脂为基质,以醋酸镉、硫代乙酰胺等为原料,在丙酮和甲醇的水溶液中,一步法制备了平均粒径为7nm的在聚合物基体中单分散的CdS纳米粒子。CdS/聚丙烯酸酯复合材料用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM),紫外可见光谱(UVVis)和荧光光谱(PL)进行了表征。研究结果表明:金属离子首先与聚合物的羧基络合,生成硫化物纳米微粒后,聚合物又包覆在纳米微粒的表面形成保护层。     

修饰纳米CdS/聚合物的界面相互作用与光学性能

采用微乳液法结合原位表面修饰合成了纳米尺度的硫化镉粒子,采用溶液共混和静态铺膜方法制备了纳米粒子/聚合物复合体系,以研究纳米粒子与聚合物间的界面作用.结果表明,经修饰的纳米CdS粒子比较均匀地分散于聚合物基体内,纳米粒子与聚合物基体间存在较强的相互作用.根据复合体系的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱,分析了表面修饰(表面修饰剂种类、表面修饰剂用量等)对纳米粒子的分散以及复合体系界面特性的影响,证实了表面修饰剂具有促进纳米粒子分散和消除粒子表面缺陷的作用.     

利用水溶性聚合物PVP作稳定剂合成CdS、CdSe半导体纳米晶体

以水溶性聚合物聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)作分散剂,在水相溶液中制备CdS/PVP纳米粒子.通过控制水溶液体系的pH值或者分散剂含量,实现了纳米粒子从球形到棒状的转变;同时探讨了Cd/S比值变化对纳米粒子结构的影响.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)表征CdS/PVP纳米体系的形貌,并进一步利用透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)等对其结构进行了分析和研究.     

SBS-OH模板制备CdS纳米粒子及表征

以SBS为基本原料,通过大分子化学反应制备得到羟基化SBS(SBS-OH).以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,SBS-OH为模板,乙酸镉及硫化钠为前驱物,在常温条件下"原位反应"制备得到CdS纳米粒子.通过UV-Vis、PL系统考察了SBS-OH浓度、前驱物浓度及配比等因素对CdS纳米粒子光学性质的影响.通过TEM对CdS纳米粒子的尺寸及形貌进行了表征.研究表明,利用SBS-OH的两亲性质,可以在极性溶剂DMF中得到具有冠状复合结构的CdS纳米粒子.随着前驱物浓度的增加,CdS纳米粒子的吸收强度增加,吸收带边红移,表现出较明显的量子尺寸效应.PL光谱表明CdS纳米粒子可以产生表面缺陷态的荧光发光特性,通过对实验结果的总结分析,探讨了复合结构CdS纳米粒子可能的形成机制.     

功能化CdS纳米晶的合成及CdS/聚苯乙烯纳米杂化材料的研究

以氯化镉和硫化钠为原料,采用巯基乙醇为有机配体,在H2O/DMF的溶剂中,制得分散均匀且表面富含羟基基团CdS纳米晶溶液.我们使用γ-甲基丙烯氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)来修饰CdS纳米晶的表面,得到双键官能团化的CdS纳米晶.通过原位自由基聚合方法,成功地得到了聚苯乙烯基CdS纳米晶复合材料.利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱仪(UV-vis)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TGA)、荧光光谱 (PL) 考察了CdS纳米晶及CdS/聚苯乙烯复合材料的结构和光学性能的关系规律.结果表明巯基乙醇表现出良好的光学性能,其配体不是简单的物理吸附于纳米晶表面,而是以化学键的形式和纳米晶表面镉原子相结合.相比于纯的聚苯乙烯材料,聚苯乙烯基CdS纳米晶材料表现出良好的光学和热学性能.     

苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物/氧化锌纳米粒子合成与表征

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,乙酸锌为前驱物,苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物为大分子稳定剂,采用溶液化学法,制备了氧化锌纳米粒子。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光光谱(PL)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法对合成的ZnO纳米粒子样品进行表征。结果表明,所合成样品具有量子尺寸效应,样品UV-Vis吸收光谱在350nm给出氧化锌纳米粒子的特征吸收峰,样品PL光谱显示在410nm处可产生明显的荧光发射。氧化锌纳米粒子的尺寸在50~100nm且粒径分布较窄,表明苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物对氧化锌纳米粒子的表面起到了良好稳定作用。     

Preparation and characterization of water-soluble CdS nanocrystals by surface modification of ethylene diamine

The water-soluble CdS nanoparticles were obtained by hydrogen bond between the cadmium-thiolate complex on the surface of CdS nanoparticles and ethylene diamine (anhydrous). The modified CdS nanoparticles enhanced its solubility in H₂O and alcohol. The ethylene diamine-capped CdS nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL) and Ultraviolet–Visible absorption spectrum (UV–Vis spectrum). The absorption peak at 262 nm was observed, which belonged to ethylene diamine-modificated Cd-thiolate complex at the surface of as-grown CdS nanoparticles. The results of the PL spectra indicated that the modification of CdS nanoparticles reduced effectively the local surface-trap states. Based on the above results, a possible mechanism for the formation of the water-soluble CdS nanoparticles was discussed.     

Effect of heat-treatment on CdS and CdS/ZnS nanoparticles

Mono-dispersed and spherical cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles and cadmium sulfide/zinc sulfide (CdS/ZnS) nanoparticles, 4–5 nm in diameter, were synthesized in a heptane-AOT-water microemulsion system. The heat treatment of CdS and CdS/ZnS nanoparticles was annealed at 570 °C under the air atmosphere. The heat-treated nanoparticles were of variable large sizes and had enhanced crystallinity. UV–Vis spectra of heat-treated CdS and CdS/ZnS nanoparticles revealed a flat shape similar to that of bulk CdS compounds. The difference between the PL emission bands of organic-coated nanoparticles and heat-treated nanoparticles was small. The PL emission energy of heat-treated nanoparticles was improved by about 2–3 times compared with that of organic-coated nanoparticles.     

Synthesis of CdS nanoparticles based on DNA network templates

CdS nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by using DNA networks as templates. The synthesis was carried out by first dropping a mixture of cadmium acetate and DNA on a mica surface for the formation of the DNA network template and then transferring the sample into a heated thiourea solution. The Cd(2+) reacted with thiourea at high temperature and formed CdS nanoparticles on the DNA network template. UV-vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence, x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the CdS nanoparticles in detail. AFM results showed that the resulted CdS nanoparticles were directly aligned on the DNA network templates and that the synthesis and assembly of CdS nanoparticles was realized in one step. CdS nanoparticles fabricated with this method were smaller than those directly synthesized in a thiourea solution and were uniformly aligned on the DNA networks. By adjusting the density of the DNA networks and the concentration of Cd(2+), the size and density of the CdS nanoparticles could be effectively controlled and CdS nanoparticles could grow along the DNA chains into nanowires. The possible growth mechanism has also been discussed in detail.     

Dependence of photovoltaic performance of solvothermally prepared CdS/CdTe solar cells on morphology and thickness of window and absorber layers

In the present work a new strategy for straightforward fabrication of CdS/CdTe solar cells, containing CdS nanowires and nanoparticles as a window layer and CdTe nanoparticles and microparticles as an absorber layer, are reported. CdS and CdTe nanostructures were synthesized by solvothermal method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that highly pure and crystallized CdS nanowires and nanoparticles with hexagonal structure and CdTe nanoparticles with cubic structure were obtained. Atomic force microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope images showed that CdS nanowires with length of several μm and average diameter of 35 nm, CdS nanoparticles with average particle size of 32 nm and CdTe nanoparticles with average particle size of 43 nm, were uniformly coated on the substrate by the homemade formulated pastes. Based on ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, the band gap energies of CdS nanowires, CdS nanoparticles and CdTe nanoparticles were calculated 2.80, 2.65 and 1.64 eV, respectively. It was found that, the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells depends on thickness of CdTe and CdS films, reaching a maximum at a specific value of 6 μm and 225 nm, respectively. For such cell made of CdS nanowires and CdTe nanoparticles the V_OC, J_SC, fill factor and power conversion efficiency were calculated 0.62 V, 6.82 mA/cm², 59.7 and 2.53 %, respectively. Moreover, photovoltaic characteristics of the solar cells were dependent on CdTe and CdS morphologies. CdS/CdTe solar cell made of CdTe and CdS nanoparticles had the highest cell efficiency (i.e., 2.73 %) amongst all fabricated solar cells. The presented strategy would open up new concept for fabrication of low-cost CdS/CdTe solar cells due to employment of a simple chemical route rather than the vapor phase methods.     

Chemical synthesis of CdS nanoparticles and their optical and dielectric studies

Cadmium sulphide nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical displacement reaction method using cadmium nitrate as cadmium source and ammonium sulphide as sulphur source. The CdS samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. CdS nanoparticles are found to possess cubic structure with the crystallite size ~10 nm. The absorption spectra of synthesized CdS nanoparticles revealed the blue shift in excitonic transitions with respect to CdS bulk material, clearly confirming the formation of nanoparticles. The dielectric properties of CdS nanoparticles are studied in the frequency range 10³–10⁷ Hz at room temperature. The dielectric properties of CdS nanoparticles are found to be significantly enhanced specially in the low frequency range due to confinement.     

Quantum confinement effects in Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles prepared by chemical precipitation technique

CdS and Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical precipitation technique. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the CdS and Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles exhibit hexagonal structure. The high resolution transmission electron microscope image shows that CdS and Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles have particle size lying in the range of 3.5 to 4.0 nm. Raman spectra show that 1LO, 2LO and 3LO peaks of the Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles are slightly shifted to lower wavenumber side when compared to that of CdS. Optical absorption spectra of Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles shows that absorption edge is slightly shifted towards longer wavelength side (red shift) when compared to that of CdS and this shift is due to the quantum confinement effect present in the samples.     

Formation of CdS nanoparticle necklaces with functionalized dendronized polymers

A one-dimensional assembly of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles was prepared by using functionalized polymers with pendant Fréchet-type dendritic wedges of different generation. The novel dendronized polymers acted as both nanoreactors for the formation of CdS nanoparticles and a template to arrange the nanoparticles into a necklace. The polymers of different dendron generation were applied to stabilize CdS particles and the effect of dendron size was observed. CdS nanoparticle necklaces were obtained successfully when polymers bearing second-generation dendrons were applied.     

气-液反应反胶束法制备CdS纳米颗粒

用H₂S气体分别与反胶束中的CdCl₂水溶液和由EDTA络合的CdCl₂水溶液反应,制备了单分散程度较高的CdS纳米颗粒,在产物中还发现有少量三角形颗粒,并对其形成机理进行了初步探讨。     

Comparison of various organic stabilizers as capping agents for CdS nanoparticles synthesis

Results of the studies on the preparation and characterization of CdS nanoparticles capped with various organic stabilizers are presented in this article. Solutions of Cadmium acetate and Sodium sulphide were taken as the precursors. CdS nanoparticles were synthesized in an aqueous medium with Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as the stabilizer and non-aqueous methods were used for the synthesis of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) and thiophenol-capped CdS nanoparticles. The synthesized CdS nanoparticles were characterized by the optical absorption and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Particle sizes estimated from the band gap values using Effective Mass Approximation (EMA) agreed fairly well with those calculated from the XRD using Scherrer formula. The quantity and the concentration of the stabilizers needed for effective capping of the CdS nanoparticles were different in the three cases considered. Stability of the synthesized CdS nanoparticles was studied at different intervals of time for 10 days. A change in particle size was observed at lower stabilizer concentrations for the first few days. But at higher stabilizer concentrations there was no change in particle size with time.     

Preparation, characterization, and fluorescence properties of well-dispersed core–shell CdS/carbon nanoparticles

The core–shell CdS-carbon (CdS/C) nanoparticles were synthesized for the first time via a facile pyrolysis approach of bis(β-mercaptoethanol)-cadmium(II) as a single-source precursor. After using acid treatment method, well-dispersed and homogeneous core–shell CdS/C nanoparticles were obtained. The morphology, structure, and properties of CdS/C nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Most of the prepared nanoparticles presented core–shell structures with core diameter of ~10 nm and shell thickness of ~4 nm. The CdS core belonged to hexagonal crystal system. The carbon shell was employed as a good dispersion medium to form well-dispersed small sized CdS particles. XRD and XPS results revealed that there is an interaction between CdS core and carbon shell. Fluorescence measurement showed that the monodispersed CdS-carbon nanoparticles exhibit remarkable fluorescence enhancement effect compared with that of the pristine CdS nanoparticles, which indicates the prepared nanoparticles are a promising photoresponsive material.