一种自主免疫学习的分布式网络攻击对抗模型研究

针对网络系统容易遭受网络病毒攻击的问题,提出一种自主免疫学习的分布式网络攻击对抗模型.该网络攻击对抗模型采用分布式网络攻击检测算法来计算数据包信任值,再通过设置信任值的检测阈值,当数据包的信任值低于阈值时,判断该数据包遭到攻击.此方法可以确定数据包是否遭到病毒入侵,并对病毒的危险等级进行评估.基于人体的病毒防御机理提出适用于网络的自主免疫机制,通过带抗体的特殊数据包来清除带病毒数据包,并基于病毒的危险等级来生产适当的特殊数据包数量.在实验仿真中,算法在检测网络病毒的攻击以及清除网络病毒方面表现出良好的效果.     

基于深度强化学习的黑盒对抗攻击算法

针对图像识别领域中的黑盒对抗攻击问题,基于强化学习中DDQN框架和Dueling网络结构提出一种黑盒对抗攻击算法.智能体通过模仿人类调整图像的方式生成对抗样本,与受攻击模型交互获得误分类结果,计算干净样本和对抗样本的结构相似性后获得奖励.攻击过程中仅获得了受攻击模型的标签输出信息.实验结果显示,攻击在CIFAR10和C...     

一种新型的RBF网络多用户检测器

本文提出了一种用于设计径向基函数(RBF)网络的递阶免疫算法,并将采用这种递阶免疫算法设计的RBF网络用于DS-CDMA系统的多用户检测.该方法利用递阶免疫算法确定RBF网络隐层(非线性层)的结构和参数,采用最小二乘算法计算RBF网络的输出层权值.递阶免疫算法针对RBF网络的特点引入免疫算子,能够有效提高群体的适应度,加快算法的收敛速度.仿真结果表明,基于这种RBF网络的多用户检测器具有较强的抑制多址干扰和克服远近效应的能力.     

粗糙集意义下的一种RBF神经网络设计方法

提出一种集成粗糙集理论的RBF网络设计方法.由布尔逻辑推理方法进行属性离散化,得到初始决策模式集,通过差异度对初始决策模式的相似度进行衡量并实现聚类,以聚类决策模式构造RBF网络.为加快训练速度,分别对隐层参数和输出权值采用BP算法和线性最小二乘滤波法进行训练.实验结果表明,该方法设计的RBF网络结构简洁,泛化性能良好,混合学习算法的收敛速度优于单纯的BP算法.     

自动划分区间中基于自适应攻击特征定位算法

网络攻击检测系统的检测性能与攻击特征的性质具有较强的关联性.网络中的攻击特征存在强随机性高复杂性的特点,传统算法在特征寻优过程中由于受到复杂性的影响,很难控制算法中的寻优速度,很容易造成在复杂环境下的算法不收敛,影响检测准确性.为提高准确性,提出了一种带粒子释放和速度约束的入侵检测算法,算法对采集得到的攻击特征自动划分区间,采用粒子释放控制的方法增强种群的多样性,避免算法出现局部最优现象,并采用速度约束释放后粒子收敛速度,优化检测入侵特征过程的寻优性能,获取准确的攻击特征.实验结果表明,粒子释放和速度约束方法具备较高的寻优性能以及收敛能力,是一种有效的攻击特征寻优算法.     

基于关联决策算法的网络多源入侵检测

研究网络入侵检测问题,提高检测的准确性。针对当前网络攻击中,多源攻击经常分化成多关联个子攻击,各个子攻击之间特征不一致,随机性较大。传统的特征的检测方法无法准确、完整地识别多源子攻击攻击事件,造成检测准确性不高。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于关联决策的网络多源入侵检测算法,通过计算各个多源子攻击的关联程度,对多个入侵进行模糊差异聚类,运用模糊识别的手段完成检测,克服传统方法的弊端。实验证明,改进方法能够有效检测多源入侵,保证了网络的安全,取得了满意的结果。     

基于模型输出敏感度分析法的动态RBF神经网络设计

针对一般RBF神经网络在学习过程中网络结构不能改变的问题,提出一种动态RBF神经网络结构设计方法．算法的实质是利用敏感度分析法（SA）对神经网络模型的输出进行分析,通过判断隐含层神经元的输出对整个网络输出的影响,删除RBF隐含层中冗余的神经元,实现对神经网络的动态修剪．非线性函数逼近结果及动态系统建模结果表明,该动态RBF神经网络具有较好的性能;与最小RBF（MRBF）神经网络相比,采用所提算法能得到更小的检测误差和更短的训练时间,最终网络结构紧凑．     

融合K-means和RBF神经网络的汉字识别算法

对于自然场景中拍摄的汉字图像,现有的汉字识别算法出现了很多问题,如传统的BP神经网络算法识别效率低下,传统的RBF神经网络算法识别准确率不高等,针对这些问题,论文提出了融合K-means和RBF神经网络的汉字识别算法.该算法通过引入减聚类算法,来计算出K-means算法的初始聚类中心及其个数,接着用K-means算法计算出RBF神经网络算法的径向基函数的中心,最后确定径向基函数的宽度以及隐含层到输出层之间的权值.实验结果表明该算法有着较高的准确率,能有效地提高汉字识别效率,具有一定的实用价值.     

基于生成对抗网络的目标检测黑盒迁移攻击算法

目标检测被广泛应用到自动驾驶、工业、医疗等各个领域. 利用目标检测算法解决不同领域中的关键任务逐渐成为主流. 然而基于深度学习的目标检测模型在对抗样本攻击下, 模型的鲁棒性存在严重不足, 通过加入微小扰动构造的对抗样本很容易使模型预测出错. 这极大地限制了目标检测模型在关键安全领域的应用. 在实际应用中的模型普遍是黑盒模型, 现有的针对目标检测模型的黑盒攻击相关研究不足, 存在鲁棒性评测不全面, 黑盒攻击成功率较低, 攻击消耗资源较高等问题. 针对上述问题, 提出基于生成对抗网络的目标检测黑盒攻击算法, 所提算法利用融合注意力机制的生成网络直接输出对抗扰动, 并使用替代模型的损失和所提的类别注意力损失共同优化生成网络参数, 可以支持定向攻击和消失攻击两种场景. 在Pascal VOC数据集和MS COCO数据集上的实验结果表明, 所提方法比目前攻击方法的黑盒迁移攻击成功率更高, 并且可以在不同数据集之间进行迁移攻击.     

一种新的RBF神经元网络分类算法

为了改善对人工神经网络行为的认识和研究中的"黑匣子"式的难以处理的状态,基于RBF神经元模型的几何解释,提出了一种新的RBF神经网络分类算法,算法把RBF神经元看作是高维空间里的超球面,从而将神经网络训练问题转化为点集"包含"问题.同传统的RBF网络相比,算法能够自动地优化RBF网络中核函数的个数、中心和宽度,同时,省去了传统RBF神经网络输出层线性连接权的计算,简化了网络的学习过程,大大缩短了训练时间,并且通过实验证明了算法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.